Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Expanding Access to MRI: The Role of All-Purpose Mid-Field and 1.5-T Scanners.","authors":"Vikas Gulani, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy, Andrew G Webb, Derek K Jones, Raju Sharma","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251406","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.251406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e251406"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case 344.","authors":"Lasya Daggumati, Lauren Stark, Adam L Booth, Tyler J Fraum","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.251814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>History: </strong>A previously healthy 33-year-old woman presented with several months of intermittent right upper quadrant discomfort, early satiety, bloating, and nausea. She had no remarkable past medical or surgical history, specifically no known malignancy, chronic liver disease, or substance abuse. She had four biologic children and reported no current or prior oral contraceptive use. Physical examination revealed normal vital signs and a soft, nontender abdomen. Laboratory studies included a hepatic function panel, which was normal. Results for serum tumor marker tests included an α-fetoprotein level of 2.1 µg/L (reference range, ≤8.3 µg/L), a carcinoembryonic antigen level less than 0.6 µg/L (reference range, ≤5.0 µg/L), and a cancer antigen 19-9 level of 17.4 kU/L (reference range, ≤35.0 kU/L). A urine pregnancy test was negative. CT of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast material was performed (Fig 1). No extrahepatic pathologic features were identified. MRI of the abdomen without and with intravenous contrast material was performed, for further evaluation of the liver findings (Fig 2).</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e251814"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Incidence of Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mario Tranfa, Valeria Cantoni, Roberta Green, Guglielmo Carignani, Serena Capasso, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Antonio Carotenuto, Alberto Cuocolo, Roberta Lanzillo, Marcello Moccia, Arnaldo Stanzione, Margherita Tarantino, Fabio Tortora, Giuseppe Pontillo, Sirio Cocozza, Maria Petracca","doi":"10.1148/radiol.243718","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.243718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) hold implications for diagnosis and prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the factors influencing their identification have yet to be fully clarified. Purpose To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing clinical and imaging-related factors affecting PRL identification, incidence, prevalence, evolution over time, and topography in patients with MS. Materials and Methods An English literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase databases to identify eligible studies published by February 8, 2024, with no restrictions on the earliest publication date. Risk of bias was assessed with a customized 12-item checklist. Meta-analyses of proportions were used to derive PRL-pooled prevalence, incidence, and CIs, at both the lesion and patient levels. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test and <i>I</i>² statistic. Sources of heterogeneity were explored via subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses. Results Fifty-eight studies investigating 4532 patients with MS (mean age, 39 years ± 1.1 [SD]) were included. PRL prevalence was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.16; 32 studies) at the lesion level and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.58; 37 studies) at the patient level. Incidence was 0.23 (95% CI: 0, 0.75; three studies) at the lesion level and 0.11 (95% CI: 0, 0.47; two studies) at the patient level. No difference was observed for the lesion-level prevalence according to the PRL definition used (<i>P</i> = .66) or brain compartment (<i>P</i> = .34), and for the patient-level prevalence according to age (<i>P</i> = .29), disease duration (<i>P</i> = .72), or MS phenotype (<i>P</i> = .29). A subgroup analysis revealed differences in lesion-level prevalence based on lesion stage, field strength, MRI sequence, and resolution (<i>P</i> < .001 for all). The heterogeneity in prevalence across studies was high on average (<i>I</i>² = 88.8% and 99.2% at patient-wise and lesion-wise level, respectively). In 21% (12 of 58) of the studies, a clear definition of PRLs was not provided. Conclusion Although PRLs could be identified in approximately half of patients with MS undergoing imaging, the incidence of new PRLs was relatively low, and PRL prevalence was heterogeneous across studies. © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e243718"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145125814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Financial, Operational, and Clinical Advantages of Generalist Radiology AI.","authors":"Siddhant Dogra,Xiaoman Zhang,Ezequiel Silva,Pranav Rajpurkar","doi":"10.1148/radiol.242362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.242362","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the rapid growth of Food and Drug Administration-cleared artificial intelligence (AI)- and machine learning-enabled medical devices for use in radiology, current tools remain limited in scope, often focusing on narrow tasks and lacking the ability to comprehensively assist radiologists. These narrow AI solutions face limitations in financial sustainability, operational efficiency, and clinical utility, hindering widespread adoption and constraining their long-term value in radiology practice. Recent advances in generative and multimodal AI have expanded the scope of image interpretation, prompting discussions on the development of generalist medical AI. In this context, this review proposes the concept of generalist radiology AI (GRAI) and introduces key features for its implementation. GRAI aims to (a) create reports based on positive diagnoses, (b) tailor reports to indications for normal studies, (c) compare findings with prior imaging, (d) incorporate patient characteristics, and (e) provide uncertainty-informed, interactive recommendations. By consolidating image interpretation and expanding the incorporation of patient context, GRAI has the potential to overcome the limitations of narrow AI solutions, improve financial sustainability, streamline operational efficiency, and enhance clinical utility. Appropriate development of GRAI, building on these proposed features, is crucial for realizing the full potential of AI in radiology and enhancing diagnostic performance while reducing the clinical burden on radiologists.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"56 1","pages":"e242362"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered Triple-Fusion Reporter Gene Imaging System for Monitoring Transplanted Neural Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Xiaoyi Li, Yan Zhong, Chentao Jin, Xiang Chen, Xingyue Cui, Yangyang Xu, Yang Fan, Fahuan Song, Peili Cen, La Dong, Kaiwu Yu, Qinggang He, Jing Wang, Shijun Hu, Xiao-Yong Zhang, Cong Li, Mei Tian, Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Neural progenitor cell therapy holds great potential for repairing brain damage induced by ischemic stroke, and molecular imaging plays a crucial role in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of neural progenitor cell transplantation. However, the presence of the blood-brain barrier significantly limits the effectiveness of such imaging methods. Purpose To enable long-term monitoring of transplanted human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) in a rat model of ischemic stroke by combining a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-engineered triple-fusion (TF) reporter gene system with a noninvasive adenosine agonistic micelle (AM)-based probe delivery strategy. Materials and Methods Between January 2021 and May 2025, 60 male rats that were 2 months old were included. Thirty-seven rats with stroke were administered either TF human NPCs (hNPCs) or vehicle (culture media) and underwent MRI, bioluminescence imaging, PET/CT, and neurologic assessments at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 after transplantation. Comparisons between groups were determined by <i>t</i> tests, one-way analysis of variance, linear regression, and linear mixed-effects model. Results TF-hNPCs proliferated within the ischemic rat brain (week 8 vs week 1, bioluminescence imaging and PET: <i>P</i> < .001 and <i>P</i> = .02, respectively) and exhibited progressive migration and maturation by 8 weeks after transplantation (proportion of microtubule-associated protein 2-positive TF-hNPCs at week 8 vs week 4: 94.08% ± 3.02 vs 85.47% ± 6.54, respectively [<i>P</i> = .04]; proportion of doublecortin-positive TF-hNPCs at week 4 vs week 2: 83.90% ± 2.84 vs 59.74% ± 0.55, respectively [<i>P</i> = .02]). Moreover, TF-hNPC transplantation increased glucose (fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake in the ischemic brain (TF-hNPCs vs vehicle at week 4, 0.58 ± 0.04 vs 0.37 ± 0.05, respectively [<i>P</i> = .008]; TF-hNPCs vs vehicle at week 8, 0.52 ± 0.06 vs 0.29 ± 0.02, respectively [<i>P</i> = .01]) and attenuated neurologic deficits compared with the vehicle group (neurologic score, TF-hNPCs vs vehicle at week 8: 9.6 ± 0.25 vs 7.6 ± 0.3, respectively; <i>P</i> = .003). Conclusion A CRISPR/Cas9-engineered TF reporter gene imaging system combined with a noninvasive AM-based approach enabled in vivo monitoring of transplanted human NPCs in a rat model of ischemic stroke. © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Chapelin in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e250305"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Access to MRI: The Role of All-Purpose Mid-Field and 1.5-T Scanners.","authors":"Vikas Gulani,Devasenathipathy Kandasamy,Andrew G Webb,Derek K Jones,Raju Sharma","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.251406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"e251406"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opening Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability: A Challenge for Local Delivery of Therapeutic Drugs.","authors":"Olivier Clement,Anne-Laure Gaultier","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252506","url":null,"abstract":"\"Just Accepted\" papers have undergone full peer review and have been accepted for publication in Radiology. This article will undergo copyediting, layout, and proof review before it is published in its final version. Please note that during production of the final copyedited article, errors may be discovered which could affect the content.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"161 1","pages":"e252506"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered Triple-Fusion Reporter Gene Imaging System for Monitoring Transplanted Neural Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Xiaoyi Li,Yan Zhong,Chentao Jin,Xiang Chen,Xingyue Cui,Yangyang Xu,Yang Fan,Fahuan Song,Peili Cen,La Dong,Kaiwu Yu,Qinggang He,Jing Wang,Shijun Hu,Xiao-Yong Zhang,Cong Li,Mei Tian,Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250305","url":null,"abstract":"Background Neural progenitor cell therapy holds great potential for repairing brain damage induced by ischemic stroke, and molecular imaging plays a crucial role in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of neural progenitor cell transplantation. However, the presence of the blood-brain barrier significantly limits the effectiveness of such imaging methods. Purpose To enable long-term monitoring of transplanted human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) in a rat model of ischemic stroke by combining a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-engineered triple-fusion (TF) reporter gene system with a noninvasive adenosine agonistic micelle (AM)-based probe delivery strategy. Materials and Methods Between January 2021 and May 2025, 60 male rats that were 2 months old were included. Thirty-seven rats with stroke were administered either TF human NPCs (hNPCs) or vehicle (culture media) and underwent MRI, bioluminescence imaging, PET/CT, and neurologic assessments at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 after transplantation. Comparisons between groups were determined by t tests, one-way analysis of variance, linear regression, and linear mixed-effects model. Results TF-hNPCs proliferated within the ischemic rat brain (week 8 vs week 1, bioluminescence imaging and PET: P < .001 and P = .02, respectively) and exhibited progressive migration and maturation by 8 weeks after transplantation (proportion of microtubule-associated protein 2-positive TF-hNPCs at week 8 vs week 4: 94.08% ± 3.02 vs 85.47% ± 6.54, respectively [P = .04]; proportion of doublecortin-positive TF-hNPCs at week 4 vs week 2: 83.90% ± 2.84 vs 59.74% ± 0.55, respectively [P = .02]). Moreover, TF-hNPC transplantation increased glucose (fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake in the ischemic brain (TF-hNPCs vs vehicle at week 4, 0.58 ± 0.04 vs 0.37 ± 0.05, respectively [P = .008]; TF-hNPCs vs vehicle at week 8, 0.52 ± 0.06 vs 0.29 ± 0.02, respectively [P = .01]) and attenuated neurologic deficits compared with the vehicle group (neurologic score, TF-hNPCs vs vehicle at week 8: 9.6 ± 0.25 vs 7.6 ± 0.3, respectively; P = .003). Conclusion A CRISPR/Cas9-engineered TF reporter gene imaging system combined with a noninvasive AM-based approach enabled in vivo monitoring of transplanted human NPCs in a rat model of ischemic stroke. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Chapelin in this issue.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"27 1","pages":"e250305"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcifications Affect Pathologic Complete Response and MRI Prediction after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-positive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Eun Sook Ko,Jong Han Yu,Sook-Young Woo,Seok Won Kim,Boo-Kyung Han,Eun Young Ko,Ji Soo Choi,Jeongmin Lee,Myoung Kyoung Kim,Haejung Kim","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250718","url":null,"abstract":"Background The optimal surgical management of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer with calcifications remains controversial, particularly when pathologic complete response (pCR) is suspected. Purpose To identify factors associated with pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and assess whether calcifications affect the performance of radiologic complete response (rCR) at MRI for predicting pCR. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who received neoadjuvant docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab and underwent surgery between January 2021 and October 2023. The association of clinicopathologic factors and imaging features at mammography and MRI with pCR was analyzed using logistic regression. The diagnostic performance of rCR at MRI for predicting pCR was compared between patients with and without calcifications using the χ2 test. Results Among the 732 patients included (mean age, 51.9 years ± 10.3 [SD]), 64.8% (474 of 732) had calcifications, 47.0% (344 of 732) had rCR at MRI, and 41.1% (301 of 732) had pCR. The factors associated with pCR included the estrogen receptor-low subtype (odds ratio [OR], 3.07 [95% CI: 1.31, 7.21]; P = .006), the hormone receptor-negative subtype (OR, 3.28 [95% CI: 2.16, 4.98]; P < .001), absence of calcifications (OR, 1.65 [95% CI: 1.15, 2.37]; P = .006), and rCR at MRI (OR, 7.33 [95% CI: 5.18, 10.38]; P < .001). The pCR rate and positive predictive value (PPV) of rCR at MRI were lower in patients with calcifications than in patients without calcifications (pCR, 37.1% vs 48.4%, P = .003; PPV, 60.0% vs 73.1%, P = .01). When the pCR definition was broadened from ypT0 to ypT0/Tis, there was no evidence of a difference in pCR rate between patients with and without calcifications (62.0% vs 58.5%; P = .35). Conclusion In patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, the absence of calcifications was associated with a higher pCR rate and a higher PPV for rCR at MRI for predicting pCR. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Grimm in this issue.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"71 1","pages":"e250718"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolution or Support? Generative Artificial Intelligence in Chest Radiology Reporting.","authors":"Chen Jiang Wu, Joon Beom Seo","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e252614"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145125785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}