Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Consortium on Bridging Radiation Segmentectomy (COBRAS): A Multicenter Study of Complete Pathologic Necrosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Zachary T Berman, Cynthia De la Garza-Ramos, S Ali Montazeri, Christopher D Malone, Tyler Sandow, Juan Gimenez, Shamar Young, Nicholas Fidelman, Kurt T Pianka, Alex Sher, Tharun Alamuri, Shin Mei Chan, Parmede Vakil, Melinda Wang, Faraz Abounorinejad, Avik Som, Guy E Johnson, Siddarth A Padia, Edward Kim, Beau B Toskich","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.251923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Complete pathologic necrosis (CPN) at liver transplant is a positive predictor of freedom from recurrence and overall survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Comprehensive authorized user parameters for yttrium 90 radiation segmentectomy CPN rates at explant remain undefined. Purpose To evaluate established outcomes for radiation segmentectomy before liver transplant and determine optimal parameters to achieve CPN among patients with treatment-naive HCC. Materials and Methods This multicenter retrospective study included patients with treatment-naive HCC who underwent glass microsphere radiation segmentectomy before liver transplant from January 2016 to December 2024. Treatment parameters were compared for patients that achieved CPN versus those without CPN using Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> or χ² tests. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine treatment parameter thresholds and subsequently predict CPN. Results A total of 303 patients with 364 tumors were included in the study. Tumors had a median size of 2.4 cm (IQR, 2.0-3.1 cm) and demonstrated a CPN rate of 68% (246 of 364). Compared with tumors without CPN, those with CPN had a higher microsphere activity (median, 1242 Bq vs 1203 Bq; <i>P</i> < .03), microspheres per milliliter (median, 9000 per mL vs 7600 per mL; <i>P</i> = .02), single-compartment dose (median, 544 Gy vs 379 Gy; <i>P</i> < .001), and angiosome-to-tumor volume ratio (median, 25.2 vs 15.6; <i>P</i> = .02). Multivariable logistic regression showed that a microsphere activity of 1087 Bq or greater (<i>P</i> = .03), a dose of 440 Gy or greater (<i>P</i> < .001), and an angiosome-to-tumor volume ratio of 16 or greater (<i>P</i> < .001) were independent predictors of CPN. There was a positive association between the number of optimized parameters and CPN at liver transplant, with a positive predictive value of 74% (198 of 269) with one threshold met and 91% (57 of 63) with all thresholds met (<i>P</i> < .001). Conclusion Among patients with treatment-naive HCC, glass microsphere radiation segmentectomy before liver transplant achieved high rates of CPN, which was associated with optimized parameter thresholds determined for microsphere activity, microspheres per milliliter, dose, and angiosome-to-tumor volume ratio. © RSNA, 2026 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Gordon and Lewandowski in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e251923"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft Head Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Swathigha Selvaraj, Bhuvanapriya Karunanithi Santha","doi":"10.1148/radiol.253132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.253132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e253132"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Career Perspective: Population-based <i>z</i>-Score Adiposity Metrics Make Personalized Cardiometabolic Health Predictions Feasible.","authors":"Adarsh Ghosh, Victoria Chernyak","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e260906"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of MRI-derived Paraspinal IMAT and LMM with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Results from a German Cohort.","authors":"Sebastian Ziegelmayer, Hartmut Häntze, Christian Mertens, Felix Busch, Tristan Lemke, Markus Graf, Nassir Navab, Shahrooz Faghihroohi, Jakob Nikolas Kather, Daniel Truhn, Thomas Kröncke, Jacqueline Lammert, Su Hwan Kim, Benedikt Wiestler, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Annette Peters, Henry Völzke, Robin Bülow, Thoralf Niendorf, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Tobias Nonnenmacher, Tobias Pischon, Steffen Ringhof, Christopher L Schlett, Jakob Weiß, Fabian Bamberg, Ulrike Streit, Martin Hadamitzky, Marcus R Makowski, Lisa Adams, Keno Bressem","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.251347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Increasing evidence shows that intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and lean muscle mass (LMM) influence cardiometabolic health; however, their independent and/or combined associations with cardiovascular risk in individuals without pre-existing conditions remain unclear. Purpose To assess whether IMAT and LMM are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals without pre-existing conditions. Materials and Methods A total of 11 348 participants (6460 [56.9%] men; median age, 43.0 years; IQR, 33.5-52.5 years) without any known pre-existing conditions underwent whole-body 3-T MRI as part of a prospective multicenter population study (German National Cohort, or NAKO). LMM and IMAT were quantified on MRI-based paraspinal muscle segmentations with a deep learning model. Cardiometabolic risk factors (hypertension, dysglycemia, and atherogenic dyslipidemia) were defined on the basis of laboratory test results and clinical examinations. Age- and sex-corrected <i>z</i> scores of LMM and IMAT were calculated. Associations of LMM and IMAT percentage with physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined with univariable and multivariable analyses. Results The percentage of IMAT increased with age and was greater in women, whereas LMM decreased with age and was lower in women. After adjustments for age, sex, and study site, increased IMAT was associated with increased odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% CI: 1.49, 1.86; <i>P</i> < .001), atherogenic dyslipidemia (OR, 1.82; 95% CI: 1.65, 2.00; <i>P</i> < .001), and dysglycemia (OR, 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.76; <i>P</i> = .009) in both sexes, whereas increased LMM was associated with decreased odds of all risk factors (dysglycemia: OR, 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.76; <i>P</i> = .009; atherogenic dyslipidemia: OR, 0.49; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.62; <i>P</i> < .001; hypertension: OR, 0.34; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.48; <i>P</i> < .001) in male participants only. Across <i>z</i> score combinations, participants with higher IMAT and lower LMM showed the highest prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusion IMAT and LMM, assessed on MRI scans, were independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals without pre-existing conditions. © RSNA, 2026 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Hu in this issue. See also the editorial by Mohajer and Bari in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e251347"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"⁹⁰Y Radiation Segmentectomy for Curative Intent in HCC: From Art to Science.","authors":"Andrew C Gordon, Robert J Lewandowski","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e260754"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Ruler and Scale: Skeletal Muscle Composition and Cardiometabolic Health Risks.","authors":"Houchun Harry Hu","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e260311"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Composition in the General Population: Whole-body MRI-derived Reference Curves from Over 66 000 Individuals.","authors":"Matthias Jung, Marco Reisert, Hanna Rieder, Susanne Rospleszcz, Tobias Haueise, Tobias Pischon, Thoralf Niendorf, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Henry Völzke, Robin Bülow, Maximilian F Russe, Christopher L Schlett, Michael T Lu, Fabian Bamberg, Vineet K Raghu, Jakob Weiss","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.251939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Body composition (BC) is associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, using BC to predict future disease risk is challenging, as it may reflect body size or age instead of poor health. Purpose To calculate age-, sex-, and height-normalized BC metrics from MRI scans in over 66 000 individuals from the general population and to assess the prognostic value of these metrics for cardiometabolic outcomes beyond traditional risk factors. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, age-, sex-, and height-specific BC <i>z</i>-scores derived from whole-body MRI scans were calculated using an open-source fully automated deep learning framework. Data were sourced from the UK Biobank (UKB) and German National Cohort between April 2014 and May 2022, including subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), skeletal muscle (SM), SM fat fraction, and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) to provide an open-source web-based <i>z</i>-score calculator, evaluated against reference-standard radiologist labels. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the prognostic value of <i>z</i>-score categories (low: <i>z</i> < -1; middle: <i>z</i> = -1 to 1; high: <i>z</i> > 1) for incident diabetes, major adverse cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality beyond cardiometabolic risk factors in the UKB. Results Age-, sex-, and height-specific BC <i>z</i>-scores were calculated using data from 66 608 individuals (mean age, 57.7 years ± 12.9 [SD]; 34 443 male; mean body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 26.2 ± 4.5). In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression, <i>z</i>-score risk categories had hazard ratios of up to 2.26 for incident diabetes (high VAT category), 1.54 for incident major adverse cardiovascular events (high IMAT), and 1.44 for all-cause mortality (low SM) compared with middle categories. Conclusion Whole-body MRI-derived BC <i>z</i>-scores were used to identify at-risk individuals and predict cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality beyond traditional risk factors. An open-source age-, sex-, and height-adjusted <i>z</i>-score calculator is available at <i>https://circ-ml.github.io</i>. © RSNA, 2026 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Ghosh and Chernyak in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e251939"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Precision of Measuring Liver Stiffness with Three-Dimensional MR Elastography.","authors":"Houchun Harry Hu","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e260634"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Precision of 3D MRE and 2D MRE for Measurement of Liver Stiffness in Adults with Severe Obesity.","authors":"Lukas Müller, Lael Ceriani, David T Harris, Tanya Wolfson, Danielle Batakis, Rashmi Agni, Yesenia Covarrubias, Kay Pepin, Richard L Ehman, Jeremiah Heilman, Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos, Gavin Hamilton, Michael S Middleton, Vitor F Martins, Anthony C Gamst, Ryan Sappenfield, Eduardo Grunvald, Luke M Funk, Garth R Jacobsen, Anne O Lidor, James A Goodman, Sami B Khoury, Claude B Sirlin, Scott B Reeder","doi":"10.1148/radiol.253243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.253243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background The comparative precision of two-dimensional (2D) MR elastography (MRE) and three-dimensional (3D) MRE for measuring liver stiffness (LS) in adults with severe obesity is unknown. Purpose To compare test-retest repeatability, between-day reproducibility, and between-field-strength reproducibility of 2D MRE- and 3D MRE-based LS measurements in adults with severe obesity. Materials and Methods In this prospective dual-center study (December 2020 to August 2023), adults with severe obesity underwent 2D MRE and 3D MRE at one visit before weight loss surgery and two visits after. At each visit, MRE was repeated with interexamination repositioning at 3 T to assess test-retest repeatability, or at 1.5 T and 3 T to assess between-field-strength reproducibility. Some participants also underwent MRE 1-3 days before visit 1 to assess between-day reproducibility at 1.5 T or 3 T. All participant visits were performed at the same site. Absolute repeatability coefficient (RC) and proportional RC (RC%), absolute reproducibility coefficient (RDC) and proportional RDC (RDC%), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and technical failure rates were computed for 2D MRE-based and 3D MRE-based LS and compared pairwise (bootstrap-based tests or McNemar test of paired proportions for clustered data, as appropriate). Results In a total of 103 participants (mean age, 44 years ± 10.0; 89 women), LS ranges were 2.2 kPa ± 0.4 with 2D MRE and 2.0 kPa ± 0.3 with 3D MRE. At 3 T, 3D MRE had better test-retest repeatability than did 2D MRE (RC, 0.26 vs 0.55 kPa, respectively; RC%, 12.6% vs 19.9%; ICC, 0.85 vs 0.67; all <i>P</i> < .001). Three-dimensional MRE had better between-field-strength reproducibility than did 2D MRE (RDC, 0.26 vs 0.38 kPa, respectively; RDC%, 14.6% vs 18.5%; both <i>P</i> < .001). Three-dimensional MRE had better between-day reproducibility than did 2D MRE at 3 T (RDC, 0.22 vs 0.48 kPa, respectively; <i>P</i> = .007), but not at 1.5 T. However, 3D MRE had a higher failure rate than did 2D MRE (4.9% [29 of 587] vs 2.9% [17 of 583]; <i>P</i> = .007). Conclusion Compared with 2D MRE, 3D MRE had better precision for measuring liver stiffness in adults with severe obesity but failed more frequently. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03674528 © The Author(s) 2026. Published by the Radiological Society of North America under a CC BY 4.0 license. <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Hu in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e253243"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion-weighted Imaging of the Liver: Primed for New Business.","authors":"Ryan L Brunsing, Ali B Syed, Brian A Hargreaves, Daniel B Ennis","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an MRI sequence that leverages the spatial encoding of MRI gradients to image the microscopic movement of water in tissue. DWI can be used to detect pathologic abnormalities with high cellularity, such as cancer, and it can serve as a quantitative imaging biomarker. In the liver, DWI has an established role in lesion detection and characterization. DWI has the potential to serve as a cost-effective strategy for cancer surveillance, quantitative assessment of diffuse parenchymal disease, and response to therapies. Despite its advantages, liver DWI remains technically challenging. This review article discusses current state-of-the-art liver DWI in the context of established and potential future applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 2","pages":"e250157"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}