Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative Chest CT–derived Fibrosis and Vascular Remodeling and Acute Exacerbation Risk in Mild Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","authors":"Mihyun Yang,Seonok Kim,Sang Min Lee,Jihye Yun,Hye Jeon Hwang,Eun Jin Chae,Joon Beom Seo,Jooae Choe,Ho Cheol Kim","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260703","url":null,"abstract":"In mild idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, quantitative CT–derived fibrosis burden and vascular remodeling were associated with acute exacerbation risk, with venous and arterial remodeling mediating fibrosis effects, supporting the value of vascular metrics for risk stratification.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"404 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence for Prostate Cancer Detection and Screening on MRI in Global Populations: The SCARLET-1 Study.","authors":"Anindo Saha, Joeran S Bosma, Jasper J Twilt, Alexander B C D Ng, Aqua Asif, Kirti Magudia, Peder E Z Larson, Qinglin Xie, Xiaodong Zhang, Chi Pham Minh, Samuel N Gitau, Ivo G Schoots, Martijn F Boomsma, Renato Cuocolo, Nikolaos Papanikolaou, Daniele Regge, Hiten D Patel, Derya Yakar, Mattijs Elschot, Jeroen Veltman, Baris Turkbey, Nancy A Obuchowski, Jurgen J Fütterer, Anwar R Padhani, Nikhil Mayor, Hashim U Ahmed, Fredrik Jäderling, Tobias Nordström, Martin Eklund, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, Maarten de Rooij, Henkjan Huisman","doi":"10.1148/radiol.262081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.262081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have demonstrated non-inferiority to radiologists for prostate cancer detection on MRI, but evidence in global diagnostic and population-based screening settings remains limited. Purpose To determine whether an AI system can achieve diagnostic performance comparable to radiology readings for detecting Gleason grade group ≥2 prostate cancer on MRI in external diagnostic and screening datasets. Materials and Methods In the SCARLET-1 retrospective validation study, prostate MRIs from adults with suspected prostate cancer (January 2012-October 2024) were used to evaluate an AI system, with external testing in diagnostic (PRIME) and organized screening settings (STHLM3-MRI and IP1-PROSTAGRAM). The primary outcome was agreement between AI assessments and standard-of-care diagnoses of Gleason grade group ≥2 cancer, with diagnostic interchangeability defined relative to the estimated agreement of an average radiologist. Secondary outcomes included area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) across datasets and subgroups. Results 22,445 examinations (21,252 male patients; median age, 66 years [IQR 60-71]) were included: 20,471 prostate MRI examinations (19,278 patients; 26 cities, 14 countries) for AI training and internal testing, and 1974 patients (20 external cities, 12 countries) for external testing. External AUCs were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.90) in PRIME, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.92) in STHLM3-MRI, and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.95) in IP1-PROSTAGRAM. The primary outcome was 83.0% (395 of 476; adjusted 95% CI: 78.8%, 87.0%), 87.9% (974 of 1108; adjusted 95% CI: 85.6%, 90.3%), and 87.7% (342 of 390; adjusted 95% CI: 83.6%, 91.5%), respectively, meeting prespecified interchangeability criteria in all datasets. Subgroup performance was consistent across age, risk, cancer location and ethnicity (mean ΔAUC, 0.02), but varied substantially across 25 sites (28% with AUC<0.80; 32% with AUC ≥0.90) and by image quality (AUC, 0.78-0.88). Conclusion AI demonstrated diagnostic performance comparable to that of radiology readings across external diagnostic and screening datasets. © The Author(s) 2026. Published by the Radiological Society of North America under a CC BY 4.0 license.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"321 1","pages":"e262081"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Disproportionately Enlarged Subarachnoid Space Hydrocephalus Features at MRI with Cognitive Decline.","authors":"Kana Saito, Keita Watanabe, Satoru Ide, Mizuki Imura, Amo Ozawa, Taiki Koshiishi, Shuichi Matsuhashi, Jusei Kudo, Sera Kasai, Yuka Ishimoto, Tomohiro Shintaku, Daisuke Watanabe, Shin Shukunobe, Kaori Sawada, Tatsuya Mikami, Yoshinori Tamada, Koichi Murashita, Masahiko Tomiyama, Atsushi Saito, Shingo Kakeda","doi":"10.1148/radiol.253287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.253287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background The prevalence of incomplete disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) and its cognitive relevance remain unclear. Purpose To determine the prevalence of complete and incomplete DESH and their associations with baseline cognitive impairment and follow-up cognitive decline. Materials and Methods This prospective community-based cohort (age ≥ 65 years) included participants who underwent baseline brain MRI and were followed for 5-7 years. Two radiologists assessed baseline MRI scans for core DESH features: Evans index greater than 0.3, enlargement of the Sylvian fissures (ESF), and tightness of the high-convexity sulci (THC). Complete DESH was defined as all three core features, incomplete DESH as one or two core features, and no DESH as zero core features. Feature combinations were modeled as single binary indicators of copresence (eg, <i>THC plus ESF</i> was 1 if both were present and 0 otherwise). Separate cross-sectional and longitudinal logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of baseline imaging features with concurrent cognitive impairment and follow-up cognitive decline, respectively. Longitudinal models were fitted separately in participants with normal cognition and in a combined cohort of participants with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment at baseline. Results Among 2133 participants (median age, 69 years [IQR, 67-73 years]; 1304 female participants), complete DESH, incomplete DESH, and no DESH were present in 37 (1.7%), 988 (46.3%), and 1108 (51.9%), respectively. There was no evidence of an association between baseline imaging features and baseline cognitive impairment (all Holm-adjusted <i>P</i> > .05). Baseline THC was associated with follow-up cognitive decline in the cognitively normal cohort (odds ratio [OR], 2.95 [95% CI: 1.95, 4.45]; Holm-adjusted <i>P</i> < .001) and in the combined cohort (OR, 2.87 [95% CI: 1.96, 4.21]; Holm-adjusted <i>P</i> < .001). THC plus ESF was associated with decline only in the combined cohort (OR, 1.83 [95% CI: 1.16, 2.87]; Holm-adjusted <i>P</i> = .04). Conclusion Incomplete DESH was more prevalent than complete DESH. Baseline THC was associated with subsequent cognitive decline. © RSNA, 2026 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Haller in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"321 1","pages":"e253287"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of US-guided Hydrodissection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Anindita Bose,Anupama Tandon,Gopesh Mehrotra,Siddharth Maheshwari,Ayush Khandelwal","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260185","url":null,"abstract":"US-guided hydrodissection provided persistent clinical and morphologic improvement in carpal tunnel syndrome, whereas corticosteroid injection alone offered only short-term symptom relief.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Bosniak Class: Nodule Size Refines Cystic Renal Mass Risk","authors":"Yuki Arita","doi":"10.1148/radiol.262618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.262618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of PET/CT Metabolic Parameters with Histologic Grade of Lung Adenocarcinoma: Implications for Surgical Decisions.","authors":"Xinchen Shen, Huazheng Shi, Ziwei Wan, Minglei Yang, Bentong Yu, Yongxiang Song, Tao Chen, Jialiang Wen, Jiajun Deng, Long Zhao, Likun Hou, Longbing Ren, Wei Li, Deping Zhao, Dong Xie, Chang Chen, Yunlang She","doi":"10.1148/radiol.261188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.261188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background The grading system for invasive lung adenocarcinoma proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has been widely validated. However, the association of PET/CT with IASLC grade and its value in clinical decision-making is unknown. Purpose To investigate the association of PET/CT metabolic parameters with IASLC grade and determine the complementary clinical value of PET/CT in optimizing preoperative surgical decision-making in clinical stage IA (cIA) lung adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent preoperative PET/CT and complete resection for cIA lung adenocarcinoma between September 2020 and March 2022. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of grade 3 lung adenocarcinoma. Multivariable Cox models assessed prognostic effects and interactions between maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) and surgical strategy. Propensity score matching was used to balance clinicopathologic characteristics across surgical strategies. Results The study included 2789 patients (median age, 62 years [IQR, 55-68 years]; 1574 women). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a positive interaction between radiologic type and SUV_max (<i>P</i> = .008) in predicting grade 3 adenocarcinoma. Specific cutoff values for pure solid (cutoff of 4.25) and subsolid (cutoff of 2.30) nodules were identified. Positive interactions between SUV_max and surgery were observed exclusively in pure solid nodules (SUV_max-resection extent for overall survival [OS], <i>P</i> = .048; SUV_max-nodal dissection for OS, <i>P</i> = .045). Stratified analyses showed that segmentectomy and limited lymph node dissection were associated with worse outcomes only in hypermetabolic lesions (SUV_max > 4.25; resection extent hazard ratio [HR] for OS, 2.06 [<i>P</i> = .03]; nodal dissection HR for OS, 2.06 [<i>P</i> = .005]). SUV_max maintained robust predictive efficacy for grade 3 lung adenocarcinoma in the external cohort (area under the receiver operating curve, 0.72 for pure solid nodules and 0.74 for subsolid nodules). Conclusion In patients who underwent PET/CT and complete resection for clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma, maximum standardized uptake value was an independent predictor of grade 3 lung adenocarcinoma and helped identify high-risk patients treated with segmentectomy or limited nodal dissection. © RSNA, 2026 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"321 1","pages":"e261188"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Ablation beyond the Tumor Margin: An Early Career Perspective","authors":"Omid Shafaat,Stephen P. Reis","doi":"10.1148/radiol.262757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.262757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Noncontrast Lung Densitometry with Photon-counting CT: The Importance of Breathing-An Early Career Perspective.","authors":"Yu-Xiang Ye, Jonathan D Dodd","doi":"10.1148/radiol.262352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.262352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"321 1","pages":"e262352"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black-White Racial Differences at Breast MRI.","authors":"Pascal A T Baltzer, Paola Clauser","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"320 3","pages":"e260622"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helical 3D DSA for Whole-Head-and-Neck Vascular Imaging: Technical Development and First-in-Human Application.","authors":"Yingkun He, Mengqi Li, Yaping Wu, Yao Tang, Weilong Mao, Baolin Mao, Qingfang Wang, Huikai Liu, Yang Yang, Ranran Ban, Huizhen Peng, Wei Wei, Yan Bai, Yinsheng Li, Xiaojie Lin, Xuming Zhang, Canzhen Ma, Jun Xiang, Meiyun Wang","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Conventional three-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has limited longitudinal coverage, requiring multiple selective injections and acquisitions for head-and-neck vascular assessment, increasing procedural complexity and contrast material use. Purpose To develop and evaluate the feasibility of a helical 3D DSA technique for panoramic 3D angiography of the entire head-and-neck vasculature using a single contrast material injection and a single acquisition. Materials and Methods A continuous helical scanning trajectory was implemented on a robotic C-arm system using 400° rotation with simultaneous axial translation. The technique was evaluated in phantom experiments to assess geometric accuracy and imaging performance, in vivo imaging in two swine to optimize contrast material injection protocols, and a feasibility study in a human patient with bilateral carotid disease. Results The helical scan achieved a longitudinal coverage of 419.4 mm within 7.6 seconds (conventional 3D DSA: 174.0 mm within 5.0 seconds). Spatial resolution was preserved at 11 line pairs per centimeter on Catphan 700 testing, equivalent to that of conventional 3D DSA. In a simulated head-and-neck vascular phantom, the mean absolute percentage error in contrast to noise ratio between the two techniques was 2.18% ± 0.68 (SD). In two swine, undiluted contrast agent injected at 10 mL/sec produced diagnostically adequate image quality, with high interreader agreement among three readers (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.90). In the human case, helical 3D DSA enabled continuous 3D angiography from the aortic arch to the cranial vertex in a single acquisition. Stenosis rate measurements in the ophthalmic segment of the left internal carotid artery showed strong agreement between methods, with a mean absolute error of 2.57% ± 0.90. Conclusion This study demonstrated the feasibility of a helical scanning trajectory in 3D DSA, achieving panoramic 3D angiography from the aortic arch to the cranial vertex in a single acquisition while preserving high spatial resolution and contrast fidelity. © The Author(s) 2026. Published by the Radiological Society of North America under a CC BY 4.0 license. <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"320 3","pages":"e260398"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148970939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}