Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Thermal Ablation of T1N0M0 Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Pierpaolo Trimboli, Maurilio Deandrea, Lorenzo Scappaticcio, Renato Piantanida, Arnoldo Piccardo","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.251383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"317 1","pages":"e251383"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Diagnostic Certainty and Locoregional Recurrence Risk in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Jae Ho Sohn, E Han Dao","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"317 1","pages":"e252844"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How I Do It: CT-guided Percutaneous Transthoracic Lung Biopsy.","authors":"Kamran Ahrar","doi":"10.1148/radiol.243593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.243593","url":null,"abstract":"Imaging of the chest for screening or evaluation of lung pathology is one of the most commonly performed radiologic studies. The identification and confirmation of persistent pulmonary nodules, masses, or consolidations on cross-sectional imaging studies warrants additional diagnostic testing to determine the exact pathologic abnormality. Diagnostic work-up may include sputum cytologic examination, thoracentesis, transbronchial aspiration, or percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy (PTLB). Due to advances in imaging and medical technology, CT-guided core needle biopsy has largely replaced fluoroscopic-guided fine-needle aspiration in PTLB. The goals of PTLB are to accurately target lung lesions of varying sizes, morphologic characteristics, and locations while obtaining adequate samples for histologic diagnosis, microbiologic assessment, and molecular profiling of tumors. Commonly performed by general, thoracic, or interventional radiologists, PTLB must be executed with precision and efficiency to meet these objectives. Potential complications can be life-threatening and require prompt recognition and management. Therefore, all radiologists performing PTLB should be well versed in the principles, techniques, and latest developments in the field to provide safe, effective, and efficient care to their patients. At our institution, the interventional radiology team performs all PTLB procedures and are well equipped to perform CT-guided lung biopsies, adhering closely to the principles outlined in this article.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"86 1","pages":"e243593"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equal Outcomes for Patients with Ground-Glass Nodules Managed with Surveillance versus Surgical Resection.","authors":"Mark M Hammer","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"e252580"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of 10-year Survival Outcomes between CT Surveillance and Surgery for Ground-Glass Nodules.","authors":"Mengwen Liu,Meng Li,Rongshou Zheng,Xin Wen,Xue Zhang,Chengyi Jiang,Yufang Liu,Li Li,Xin Liang,Lin Li,Bin Qiu,Shiquan Yin,Li Zhang","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250366","url":null,"abstract":"Background The debate over whether to manage pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) that increase in size during surveillance with continued follow-up or surgery poses challenges in clinical practice. Purpose To provide evidence-based insights into the long-term survival and appropriateness of surveillance for GGNs, particularly those that increase in size during follow-up. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, patients with GGNs detected at CT examinations between March 2005 and December 2013 were included at the National Cancer Center, China, and followed up until May 2024. The primary analysis compared overall survival (OS) between the surveillance and surgery groups among all individuals with GGNs, stable GGNs, and GGNs that increased in size. The secondary outcome was recurrence-free survival, confirmed with either pathologic findings or clinical-radiologic consensus. Cost and duration of surgery were also analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics when comparing outcomes between groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs. Results A total of 1003 GGNs in 684 individuals (median age, 56 years; IQR, 49-62 years; 434 female) were evaluated; among them, 40 individuals had dominant GGNs that developed solid components, whereas 644 individuals maintained their status as GGNs. Of these, 207 (32.1%) underwent surgery. There was no evidence of a difference observed in 10-year OS between surveillance and surgery groups (94.7% [95% CI: 92.2, 97.2] vs 97.6% [95% CI: 95.3, 100], respectively; P = .10). After multivariable adjustment, there was no evidence of an association between surgery and 10-year OS in those with GGNs (hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI: 0.18, 1.78]; P = .33), those with GGNs that increased in size (hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI: 0.15, 4.17]; P = .78), and those with stable GGNs (hazard ratio, 0.29 [95% CI: 0.03, 3.00]; P = .30). There was also no evidence of a difference observed in 7-year recurrence-free survival between 31 individuals with stable GGNs and 48 individuals with GGNs that increased in size (100% vs 100%, P > .99). There was no evidence that increased GGN size affected surgical cost ($8401.5 vs $8388.5, P = .79) or duration (2.0 vs 2.0 hours, P > .99). Conclusion For GGNs, there was no evidence of significant differences in long-term survival between surveillance and surgery or between stable and increased size during follow-up. Therefore, CT surveillance may be appropriate for GGNs until a solid component emerges. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Hammer in this issue.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"e250366"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging Features and Diagnostic Performance of US in Nonmass Lesions with Varying Clinical Indications.","authors":"Vivian Youngjean Park,Ji Soo Choi,Kyunghwa Han,Seungchan Nahm,Jung Hyun Yoon,Miribi Rho,Jiyoung Yoon,Min Jung Kim","doi":"10.1148/radiol.243398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.243398","url":null,"abstract":"Background The diagnostic performance of breast US for nonmass lesions (NML) is not well validated. Purpose To evaluate and compare the imaging features and diagnostic performance of US for NMLs across clinical indications. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included NMLs that underwent US-guided biopsy from January 2014 to February 2021. Lesions were also classified by their clinical indications as screening, diagnostic: work-up (DWU), or diagnostic: current breast cancer (DCBC). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with malignancy. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of imaging features and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of the clinical Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)-based assessments were calculated and compared between clinical indication groups using the Fisher exact or χ2 test and 2000 bootstrap samples, respectively. Results A total of 1152 NMLs in 1152 women (mean age, 47.7 years ± 11.1 [SD]) were analyzed. The malignancy rates of the screening, DWU, and DCBC subgroups were 10.4% (26 of 251), 43.4% (295 of 679), and 40.1% (89 of 222), respectively. Lesion size, hypoechogenicity, hyperechogenicity, segmental distribution, abnormal duct changes, calcifications, posterior shadowing, and the absence of multiple small cysts were the features on US images that were associated with malignancy (all P < .05), with the lowest PPVs in the screening subgroup (PPVs of screening, DWU, and DCBC subgroups: 0%-60%, 36.4%-70.7%, and 11%-100%, respectively). Clinical BI-RADS assessments showed a lower AUC in the DCBC subgroup (AUC, 0.72) compared with the screening (AUC, 0.89) and DWU (AUC, 0.88) subgroups (both P < .001). In the screening subgroup, NMLs without US features suspicious for cancer and mammographic findings had malignancy rates of 2.5%-2.7%. Within the screening, DWU, and DCBC subgroups, PPVs of US features varied by findings at mammography, symptoms, and lesion laterality, respectively (P < .05). Conclusion The PPVs of the US features of NMLs differed across clinical indications and were influenced by additional factors (mammographic findings, symptoms, and lesion laterality). AUCs of clinical BI-RADS assessments were lowest in women undergoing preoperative US for newly diagnosed current breast cancer. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Dogan in this issue.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"e243398"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fetal Brain Oxygenation and Volume on Brain Maturation and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease.","authors":"Elizabeth George,Jing Liu,Megan Martin,Amy Kuang,Aaron Scheffler,Lauren Christopher,Duan Xu,Patrick McQuillen,Shabnam Peyvandi","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250651","url":null,"abstract":"Background Neurodevelopmental delay is a cause of long-term morbidity in congenital heart disease (CHD). There are limited data on the effects of the fetal period on later neurodevelopment. Purpose To assess the effect of impaired fetal brain oxygenation and fetal brain volume on perinatal brain maturation and early neurodevelopmental outcomes. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis of a single-center prospective study (April 2017 to November 2024), fetuses with CHD and normal fetuses underwent third-trimester fetal brain MRI with T2* mapping to assess oxygenation. Those with CHD underwent neonatal MRI, and neurodevelopmental testing at 30 months of age with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. T2* and brain volume were indexed by sex and gestational age to controls, to generate residuals. The associations of residual fetal T2* and residual fetal brain volume with brain volume growth rate from fetal to neonatal MRI, neonatal white matter (WM) apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy, and neurodevelopment at 30 months were assessed using univariable and multivariable linear regression models. Results The study included 80 individuals (mean gestational age at fetal brain MRI, 34.0 weeks ± 0.9 [SD]; 52 male fetuses; 60 fetuses with CHD, 20 controls). There was no evidence of an association of residual fetal T2* with perinatal brain growth rate (β = 0.06 [95% CI: -0.00, 0.12]; P = .06), WM apparent diffusion coefficient (P = .11), WM fractional anisotropy (P = .21), or 30-month neurodevelopment (motor, P = .99; language, P = .89; cognition, P > .99). In multivariable analysis, single ventricle physiology was associated with worse motor scores than transposition of the great arteries (β = -19.87 [95% CI: -39.61, -0.13]; P = .049), while residual fetal brain volume was positively associated with language score (β = 0.79 [95% CI: 0.05, 1.54]; P = .04). Conclusion Fetal brain oxygenation was not associated with perinatal brain maturation or early neurodevelopmental outcomes, but fetal brain volume and lesion complexity (as represented by lesion type) were associated with improved language and worse motor outcomes, respectively. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"e250651"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How I Do It: MRI of the Bone with Marrow-specific Sequences.","authors":"Shivani Ahlawat, Ali Ghasemi, Laura M Fayad","doi":"10.1148/radiol.242371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.242371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Normal bone marrow is composed of red marrow, which is hematopoietically active (producing red blood cells), and yellow marrow, which is hematopoietically inactive (composed mainly of fat cells). In infancy, bone marrow is mostly red marrow and converts to fatty yellow marrow in a systematic and predictable manner over time. Therefore, depending on the patient's age, the MRI appearance of normal bone marrow will change. In addition, red marrow reconversion from fatty yellow marrow wherein red replaces yellow bone marrow is a physiologic process that can occur due to stressors such as anemia, obesity, or chronic illness. Bone marrow conversion and reconversion are commonly encountered in routine practice, occasionally making the differentiation of normal from abnormal marrow challenging. True disorders of the bone marrow must be distinguished from normal marrow and include bone marrow replacement, infiltration, hyperemia-mediated reactive processes, ischemia with resultant necrosis, and bone marrow depletion. This review outlines a systematic approach to evaluating bone marrow at routine MRI, highlighting the role of clinically available noncontrast \"marrow-specific\" MRI sequences, which include T1-weighted spin-echo imaging, chemical shift imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, for definitively characterizing the marrow signal for a focal or diffuse abnormality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e242371"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-based Triple-Modality Imaging Ushers a New Era for Stem Cell Tracking in Stroke.","authors":"Fanny Chapelin","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252546","url":null,"abstract":"\"Just Accepted\" papers have undergone full peer review and have been accepted for publication in Radiology. This article will undergo copyediting, layout, and proof review before it is published in its final version. Please note that during production of the final copyedited article, errors may be discovered which could affect the content.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"e252546"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum by Name, Maximum by Nature: Left Atrial Volumes in Acute Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Jonathan R Weir-McCall, Alina Hua","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252478","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.252478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e252478"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}