Radiology最新文献

{"title":"SPECT/CT Dosimetry of Bronchial Artery ^99mTc Macroaggregated Albumin Injection in Pulmonary Malignancies: Feasibility Evaluation of Bronchial Artery ⁹⁰Y Radioembolization.","authors":"Eric Wehrenberg-Klee, Thomas An, Pedram Heidari, Carlos Huesa-Berral, Matthew R Dreher, Amanda Eldridge, Kirk Fowers, Jan Schuemann, Alejandro Bertolet","doi":"10.1148/radiol.240331","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.240331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background External beam radiation therapy for primary and secondary pulmonary malignancies has limited utility for treating ultracentral tumors (ie, adjacent to the proximal bronchial tree or heart) or multiple metastases due to either radiation to central organs at risk (OARs) or extensive lung tissue exposure. Bronchial artery yttrium 90 (⁹⁰Y) radioembolization may be a therapeutic option for these patients. Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of bronchial artery ⁹⁰Y radioembolization using technetium 99m (^99mTc) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) injection as a surrogate for ⁹⁰Y microspheres and to use SPECT/CT dosimetry to assess ^99mTc-MAA distribution and calculated anticipated ⁹⁰Y doses to tumors and OARs. Materials and Methods In this prospective clinical trial, study participants with either primary lung cancer or pulmonary metastases were enrolled between August 2020 and October 2023 from a single academic medical center. All participants underwent bronchial artery embolization for malignancy-induced hemoptysis prophylaxis. ^99mTc-MAA was injected via bronchial arteries, followed by bland embolization. SPECT/CT imaging and Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate ^99mTc-MAA distribution and predict ⁹⁰Y doses. Predicted ⁹⁰Y doses to tumors and OARs are reported as means ± SDs. Results Eight participants (mean age, 63.0 years ± 13.58; six [75%] male participants) were included. All had ultracentral tumors, and four had four or more tumors. SPECT/CT revealed a concentrated ^99mTc-MAA accumulation in tumors, with a mean tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 22.71 ± 20.17. Simulations indicated that a ⁹⁰Y biologically effective dose (α/β ratio of 10 Gy) of 175.7-3173.6 Gy (mean, 778.8 Gy ± 981.9) could be delivered to all tumors while remaining under OAR toxicity thresholds. Conclusion SPECT/CT dosimetric analysis of ^99mTc-MAA injected via the bronchial artery for pulmonary malignancy suggests that bronchial artery ⁹⁰Y radioembolization is feasible and could be an alternative treatment for patients unable to receive external beam radiation therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04105283 © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e240331"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Questions about Radiologist Workforce Attrition.","authors":"Edward I Bluth","doi":"10.1148/radiol.242202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.242202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e242202"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umar Mahmood, MD, PhD, President, Radiological Society of North America, 2025.","authors":"Terence Gade","doi":"10.1148/radiol.259001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.259001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e259001"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Changes on Serial Chest CT Scans with Mortality: Insights from the National Lung Screening Trial.","authors":"Isabel L Langenbach, Ibrahim Hadzic, Roman Zeleznik, Marcel C Langenbach, David Maintz, Thomas Mayrhofer, Michael T Lu, Hugo J W L Aerts, Borek Foldyna","doi":"10.1148/radiol.240473","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.240473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Individuals eligible for lung cancer screening with low-dose CT face a higher cardiovascular mortality risk. Purpose To investigate the association between changes in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) at the 2-year interval and mortality in individuals undergoing serial low-dose CT lung cancer screening. Materials and Methods This secondary analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial obtained EAT volume and density from serial low-dose CT scans using a validated automated deep learning algorithm. EAT volume and density changes over 2 years were categorized into typical (decrease of 7% to increase of 11% and decrease of 3% to increase of 2%, respectively) and atypical (increase or decrease beyond typical) changes, which were associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and lung cancer mortality. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models-adjusted for baseline EAT values, age, sex, race, ethnicity, smoking, pack-years, heart disease or myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, education status, body mass index, and coronary artery calcium-were performed. Results Among 20 661 participants (mean age, 61.4 years ± 5.0 [SD]; 12 237 male [59.2%]), 3483 (16.9%) died over a median follow-up of 10.4 years (IQR, 9.9-10.8 years) (cardiovascular related: 816 [23.4%]; lung cancer related: 705 [20.2%]). Mean EAT volume increased (2.5 cm³/m² ± 11.0) and density decreased (decrease of 0.5 HU ± 3.0) over 2 years. Atypical changes in EAT volume were independent predictors of all-cause mortality (atypical increase: hazard ratio [HR], 1.15 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.25] [<i>P</i> < .001]; atypical decrease: HR, 1.34 [95% CI: 1.23, 1.46] [<i>P</i> < .001]). An atypical decrease in EAT volume was associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.27 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.51]; <i>P</i> = .009). EAT density increase was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and lung cancer mortality (HR, 1.29 [95% CI: 1.18, 1.40] [<i>P</i> < .001]; HR, 1.29 [95% CI: 1.08, 1.54] [<i>P</i> = .005]; HR, 1.30 [95% CI: 1.07, 1.57] [<i>P</i> = .007], respectively). Conclusion EAT volume increase and decrease and EAT density increase beyond typical on subsequent chest CT scans were associated with all-cause mortality in participants screened for lung cancer. EAT volume decrease and EAT density increase were associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality after adjustment for baseline EAT values. © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Fuss in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e240473"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case 334: Cryptococcal Meningitis.","authors":"Maria L Brun-Vergara, Nader Zakhari, Carlos H Torres","doi":"10.1148/radiol.240621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.240621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>History: </strong>A 30-year-old female patient who was 25 weeks pregnant presented to the emergency department with a 1-month history of mild headache and 2 weeks of progressive somnolence and photophobia accompanied by binocular horizontal diplopia and right gaze deviation. The patient also described new neck pain with passive head movements, without neck stiffness. Overall, the pregnancy was uncomplicated, with no high-risk features. Fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, and abdominal or chest pain were denied. The patient had no history of rash, intravenous drug use, immunosuppressive medication use, or documented congenital abnormalities. She had not traveled recently, although she lived in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2 years prior to presentation. There was no recent or recurrent bacterial or viral illness. At clinical examination, the patient exhibited a decreased level of alertness and appeared tired. Vital signs were unremarkable, with a normal temperature (37.1 °C). Cranial nerve assessment revealed mild right abducens nerve palsy; neurologic examination was otherwise normal. Fundoscopic examination showed moderate grade 3 papilledema, left greater than right, with obscuration of some of the vessels leaving the disk. A CT scan of the head at admission was interpreted as normal. MRI of the brain performed 5 days later, due to persistent symptoms, revealed infratentorial and supratentorial imaging abnormalities. Lumbar puncture revealed high cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure (32 cm H₂O; upper limit of normal, 25 cm H₂O). The CSF was clear, and analysis revealed an elevated total nucleated cell count (136 ×10⁶/L; reference range, 0-5 ×10⁶/L), with predominant lymphocytic moderate pleocytosis (100 ×10⁶/L; reference range, 0-5 ×10⁶/L) (59% lymphocytes) and normal glucose (3.3 mmol/L; reference range, 2.2-3.9 mmol/L) and normal total protein (0.27 g/L; reference range, 0.16-0.49 g/L) levels. Blood culture results for mycobacteria and anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms showed no growth. Findings from extensive additional diagnostic workup, including serologic testing for herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, enterovirus, <i>Brucella, Coccidioides, Histoplasma</i>, and mycobacteria, were negative. The HIV test result was negative, and the CD4 lymphocyte count and complement and immunoglobulin levels were within normal range. Autoimmune screening results were also negative.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e240621"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for: Ultrahigh-Spatial-Resolution Photon-counting Detector CT Angiography of Coronary Artery Disease for Stenosis Assessment.","authors":"Moritz C Halfmann, Stefanie Bockius, Tilman Emrich, Michaela Hell, U Joseph Schoepf, Gerald S Laux, Larissa Kavermann, Dirk Graafen, Tomasso Gori, Yang Yang, Roman Kloeckner, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Jens Ricke, Lukas Müller, Akos Varga-Szemes, Nicola Fink","doi":"10.1148/radiol.259003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.259003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e259003"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT Honeycombing and Traction Bronchiectasis Extent Independently Predict Survival across Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes.","authors":"Daniel-Costin Marinescu, Cameron J Hague, Nestor L Muller, Darra Murphy, Andrew Churg, Joanne L Wright, Amna Al-Arnawoot, Ana-Maria Bilawich, Patrick Bourgouin, Gerard Cox, Celine Durand, Tracy Elliot, Jennifer Ellis, Jolene H Fisher, Derek Fladeland, Amanda Grant-Orser, Gillian C Goobie, Zachary Guenther, Ehsan Haider, Nathan Hambly, James Huynh, Kerri A Johannson, Geoffrey Karjala, Nasreen Khalil, Martin Kolb, Lauren Lapointe-Shaw, Jonathon Leipsic, Stacey Lok, Sarah MacIsaac, Micheal McInnis, Helene Manganas, Veronica Marcoux, John Mayo, Julie Morisset, Ciaran Scallan, Tony Sedlic, Shane Shapera, Kelly Sun, Victoria Tan, Alyson W Wong, Boyang Zheng, Christopher J Ryerson","doi":"10.1148/radiol.241001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.241001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Prognostic value of radiologic features in interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been predominantly studied in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but findings vary. The relative importance of features versus guideline-defined patterns in predicting outcomes is unknown. Purpose To identify radiologic features that are independently associated with transplant-free survival beyond clinical predictive factors across all ILD subtypes, and to identify whether individual features versus patterns are more important for prognostication. Materials and Methods This is a secondary analysis of the prospective Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Consecutive patients with ILD were evaluated in standardized multidisciplinary discussions between January 2021 and March 2022. Radiologic features on thin-section CT images were quantified, and guideline-defined usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) patterns were assigned. Multivariable Cox analysis was used to assess the associations of radiologic features with transplant-free survival, and nested models were used to test the relative importance of features compared with patterns. Results A total of 1593 patients (mean age, 66 years ± 12 [SD]; 800 male) were included. The following four features were associated with transplant-free survival: extent of honeycombing (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI; 1.06, 1.36 per 10% increase in lung involvement; <i>P</i> = .005), extent of traction bronchiectasis (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.26 per 10% increase; <i>P</i> < .001), pulmonary artery diameter (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01; 1.04 per 1-mm increase; <i>P</i> = .002), and presence of subpleural sparing (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.96; <i>P</i> = .03). Guideline-defined patterns were not independently associated with survival in a model that included these four radiologic features, each of which retained its prognostic value. Conclusion The extent of fibrosis was predictive of worse outcomes across all ILD subtypes in a dose-dependent fashion and independent of well-recognized clinical prognostic factors. Guideline-defined UIP and fHP patterns each helped risk-stratify patients in isolation but lost prognostic value when accounting for the extent of fibrosis, suggesting that their previous association with mortality is based on these patterns acting as surrogates for a greater extent of fibrosis. © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Wells in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e241001"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using AI to Select Women with Intermediate Breast Cancer Risk for Breast Screening with MRI.","authors":"Suzanne L van Winkel, Riccardo Samperna, Elizabeth A Loehrer, Jaap Kroes, Alejandro Rodriguez-Ruiz, Ritse M Mann","doi":"10.1148/radiol.233067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.233067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Combined mammography and MRI screening is not universally accessible for women with intermediate breast cancer risk due to limited MRI resources. Selecting women for MRI by assessing their mammogram may enable more resource-effective screening. Purpose To explore the feasibility of using a commercial artificial intelligence (AI) system at mammography to stratify women with intermediate risk for supplemental MRI or no MRI. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included consecutive women with intermediate risk screened with mammography and MRI between January 2003 and January 2020 at a Dutch university medical center. An AI system was used to independently evaluate all mammograms, providing a case-based score that ranked the likelihood of a malignancy on a scale of 1-10. Different AI thresholds for supplemental MRI screening were tested, balancing cancer detection against the number of women needing to undergo MRI. Univariate analyses were used to explore associations between personal factors (age, breast density, and duration of screening participation) and AI results. Results In 760 women (mean age, 48.9 years ± 10.5 [SD]), 2819 combined screening examinations were performed, and 37 breast cancers were detected. Use of AI at mammography achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.81) for the entire intermediate-risk population and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.93) for women with prior breast cancer. Using a threshold score of 5, 31 of 37 (84%) breast cancers were detected, including 13 of 19 (68%) mammographically occult cancers, at a supplemental breast MRI rate of 50% (1409 of 2819 examinations). No significant association between breast density or age and the probability of a false-negative AI result was found. Conclusion Using AI at mammography to select women for supplemental MRI effectively identified women with higher breast cancer risk in an intermediate-risk population, including women with mammographically occult cancers. AI selection of women with intermediate risk for supplemental MRI screening has the potential to reduce screening burden and costs, while maintaining a high cancer detection rate. © RSNA, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e233067"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Standard-of-Care, Advanced, and Same-Day Diagnostic Services among Patients with Abnormal Screening Mammography.","authors":"Marissa B Lawson, Weiwei Zhu, Diana L Miglioretti, Tracy Onega, Louise M Henderson, Garth H Rauscher, Karla Kerlikowske, Brian L Sprague, Erin J A Bowles, Ellen S O'Meara, Anna N A Tosteson, Roberta M diFlorio-Alexander, Rebecca A Hubbard, Janie M Lee, Christoph I Lee","doi":"10.1148/radiol.241673","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.241673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Diagnostic imaging and biopsy are used to evaluate abnormal screening mammography. Differences in on-site availability and receipt of these diagnostic services may contribute to disparities in breast cancer outcomes across sociodemographic groups. Purpose To identify multilevel factors associated with on-site availability and receipt of diagnostic imaging and biopsy after screening mammography. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included female patients (age range, 40-89 years) who underwent screening mammography at 136 facilities in the United States from January 2010 to December 2020. The primary exposure variables were race and ethnicity and neighborhood-level educational attainment, household income, and rurality. The adjustment variables were age, breast density, breast biopsy history, personal and family history of breast cancer, time from prior mammographic examination to screening mammography, screening modality, facility academic affiliation, and screening examination year. The relative risk (RR) of factors for on-site availability at screening facilities and undergoing standard-of-care imaging (ie, mammography and/or US) and advanced diagnostic imaging (ie, digital breast tomosynthesis, MRI) and biopsy, and undergoing any same-day diagnostic service and biopsy were estimated using modified Poisson regression. Results In total, 1 123 177 female patients (median age, 59 years; IQR, 51-67 years) underwent 3 519 502 screening mammographic examinations: 10.3% Asian patients (362 440 of 3 519 502), 12.7% Black patients (447 777 of 3 519 502), 6.5% Hispanic patients (227 177 of 3 519 502), 68.3% White patients (2 403 159 of 3 519 502), and 2.2% all other races and ethnicities (78 949 of 3 519 502). In most fully adjusted models, race or ethnicity and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status were not associated with on-site diagnostic service availability. However, compared with White patients, patients belonging to racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to undergo same-day diagnostic services after abnormal screening mammography (Asian patients: RR, 0.74 [95% CI: 0.64, 0.85]; Black patients: RR, 0.56 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.63]; Hispanic patients: RR, 0.61 [95% CI: 0.52, 0.71]). Black patients were less likely to undergo same-day biopsies after an abnormal diagnostic workup (RR, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.65). Conclusion Although no evidence existed that on-site diagnostic service availability varied by race and ethnicity in most models, patients in racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to be provided same-day diagnostic services and Black patients were less likely to undergo same-day biopsy. © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Mullen in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e241673"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foundation Models in Radiology: What, How, Why, and Why Not.","authors":"Magdalini Paschali, Zhihong Chen, Louis Blankemeier, Maya Varma, Alaa Youssef, Christian Bluethgen, Curtis Langlotz, Sergios Gatidis, Akshay Chaudhari","doi":"10.1148/radiol.240597","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.240597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in artificial intelligence have witnessed the emergence of large-scale deep learning models capable of interpreting and generating both textual and imaging data. Such models, typically referred to as foundation models (FMs), are trained on extensive corpora of unlabeled data and demonstrate high performance across various tasks. FMs have recently received extensive attention from academic, industry, and regulatory bodies. Given the potentially transformative impact that FMs can have on the field of radiology, radiologists must be aware of potential pathways to train these radiology-specific FMs, including understanding both the benefits and challenges. Thus, this review aims to explain the fundamental concepts and terms of FMs in radiology, with a specific focus on the requirements of training data, model training paradigms, model capabilities, and evaluation strategies. Overall, the goal of this review is to unify technical advances and clinical needs for safe and responsible training of FMs in radiology to ultimately benefit patients, providers, and radiologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"314 2","pages":"e240597"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}