Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Quantification of Perivascular Flow Dynamics of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Along Major Arteries Using Phase-Contrast MRI.","authors":"Anton R Banta, Raimondo D'Ambrosio, Christof Karmonik, Sunil Mathur, Eugene V Golanov, Angelique Regnier-Golanov, Behnaam Aazhang, Gavin W Britz","doi":"10.1148/radiol.243521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.243521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Dysfunction in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics is linked to several neurologic disorders. Although phase-contrast MRI has been used to measure them in the brain, studies in the perivascular space are lacking. Purpose To develop a pipeline of image processing algorithms using contrast-unenhanced 7-T phase-contrast MRI to locate and quantify human brain CSF dynamics along the perivascular space of major arteries and their branches. Materials and Methods In this prospective, single-center study, data were collected from healthy participants, enrolled consecutively, who underwent contrast-unenhanced 7-T phase-contrast MRI at the Houston Methodist Research Institute between February 2020 and July 2023. Data preprocessing included skull removal and contrast enhancement. Vessel detection was achieved by using a chained hysteresis algorithm with two tunable parameters: a high threshold for identifying vessel pixels and a low threshold for image noise cutoff. Perivascular space was detected using a dilation algorithm. CSF velocity was measured in the cerebral aqueduct and three manually segmented perivascular regions: region 1 (internal carotid artery and M1 branch of middle cerebral artery [MCA]), region 2 (M2 segment of MCA), and region 3 (distal cortical branches of MCA or M3 segment). Linear mixed-effects models were calculated between CSF velocity curves in the aqueduct and perivascular spaces to assess their relationship. Two-tailed Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> and <i>F</i> tests were used to assess differences in CSF velocity across two age groups (age 20-39 years and 40-59 years). Results A total of 28 participants (mean age, 40 years ± 11 [SD]; 14 male and 14 female participants) were included. A linear mixed-effects model showed a positive association between aqueduct and perivascular CSF velocity in three regions along the MCA (0.013 cm/sec [<i>P</i> < .001], 0.024 cm/sec [<i>P</i> < .001], and 0.010 cm/sec [<i>P</i> < .001]). Additionally, the height (0.06 vs 0.16 cm/sec; <i>P</i> = .002) and SD (0.02 vs 0.05 cm/sec; <i>P</i> < .001) of the perivascular CSF velocity curve in the distal cortical branches of the MCA differed between the two age groups. Conclusion A semiautomated pipeline of algorithms using phase-contrast MRI was developed to locate and quantify age-dependent human CSF dynamics along the perivascular spaces of major brain arteries. © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e243521"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145125801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis along the Perivascular Space and Neurodegeneration.","authors":"Àlex Rovira, Deborah Pareto","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e252325"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELCAP Coronary Artery Calcium Score at Lung Cancer Screening CT Predicts Up to 25-Year Mortality.","authors":"Joseph Shemesh, Rowena Yip, Matthew Cham, Dorith Shaham, David F Yankelevitz, Claudia I Henschke","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250090","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.250090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e250090"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emphysema at Baseline Low-Dose CT Lung Cancer Screening Predicts Death from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Up to 25 Years Later.","authors":"Jessica González Gutiérrez,Rowena Yip,Javier J Zulueta,Samuel M Aguayo,Daniel M Libby,Mark W Pasmantier,David F Yankelevitz,Claudia I Henschke, ","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250949","url":null,"abstract":"Background The prognostic value of baseline visual emphysema scoring at low-dose CT (LDCT) in lung cancer screening cohorts is unknown. Purpose To determine whether a single visual emphysema score at LDCT is predictive of 25-year mortality from all causes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Materials and Methods In this prospective cohort study, asymptomatic adults aged 40-85 years with a history of smoking underwent baseline LDCT screening for lung cancer between June 2000 and December 2008. Follow-up continued until death, loss to follow-up, or December 31, 2024. Emphysema was assessed at baseline LDCT and scored from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) by one of four experienced chest radiologists. Baseline smoking history and comorbidities were self-reported. Causes of death (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) were obtained from the U.S. National Death Index, physicians, and family. Associations between emphysema and mortality were evaluated using adjusted Cox proportional hazards and adjusted Fine-Gray competing risks models. Results Among 9047 participants (4614 female; median age, 65 years [IQR, 61-69 years]; median pack-years of smoking, 43 [IQR, 28-64]), 2637 (29.1%) had emphysema (mild in 1908 [21.1%], moderate in 512 [5.7%], and severe in 217 [2.4%]). Median follow-up was 23.3 years. Emphysema was independently predictive of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.38; P < .001), COPD mortality (HR, 3.29; 95% CI: 2.59, 4.18; P < .001), and CVD mortality (HR, 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.29; P = .04). A dose-response relationship was observed between emphysema severity and both all-cause and COPD mortality, but not CVD mortality. In the adjusted competing risk analysis, emphysema remained associated with COPD mortality (HR, 3.06; 95% CI: 2.40, 3.90; P < .001), but not CVD mortality (HR, 1.04; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.18; P = .59). Conclusion Baseline emphysema at LDCT in a prospective lung cancer screening cohort of asymptomatic adults was predictive of all-cause, COPD, and CVD mortality up to 25 years later. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Mascalchi and Diciotti in this issue.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"e250949"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining Early Diagnosis: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping at MRI Forecasts Onset of Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"V Carlota Andreu-Arasa","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"131 1","pages":"e252398"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading between the Lungs: Coronary Calcium at Low-Dose CT for Lung Cancer Screening as a Long-Term Prognostic Marker.","authors":"Bahram Mohajer, Victoria Chernyak","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e252713"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How I Do It: MRI of the Bone with Marrow-specific Sequences.","authors":"Shivani Ahlawat,Ali Ghasemi,Laura M Fayad","doi":"10.1148/radiol.242371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.242371","url":null,"abstract":"Normal bone marrow is composed of red marrow, which is hematopoietically active (producing red blood cells), and yellow marrow, which is hematopoietically inactive (composed mainly of fat cells). In infancy, bone marrow is mostly red marrow and converts to fatty yellow marrow in a systematic and predictable manner over time. Therefore, depending on the patient's age, the MRI appearance of normal bone marrow will change. In addition, red marrow reconversion from fatty yellow marrow wherein red replaces yellow bone marrow is a physiologic process that can occur due to stressors such as anemia, obesity, or chronic illness. Bone marrow conversion and reconversion are commonly encountered in routine practice, occasionally making the differentiation of normal from abnormal marrow challenging. True disorders of the bone marrow must be distinguished from normal marrow and include bone marrow replacement, infiltration, hyperemia-mediated reactive processes, ischemia with resultant necrosis, and bone marrow depletion. This review outlines a systematic approach to evaluating bone marrow at routine MRI, highlighting the role of clinically available noncontrast \"marrow-specific\" MRI sequences, which include T1-weighted spin-echo imaging, chemical shift imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, for definitively characterizing the marrow signal for a focal or diffuse abnormality.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"e242371"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Cardiac MRI in Predicting the Risk of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy-related Sudden Death.","authors":"Hajime Sakuma","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"e252576"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mammographic Calcifications Add Uncertainty in Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.","authors":"Lars J Grimm","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"37 1","pages":"e252363"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case 341: Infratentorial Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with Interferon-β in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Nikolaos S Avramiotis, Matthias A Mutke, Matthias Mehling, Ramona-Alexandra Todea, Marios-Nikos Psychogios, Urs M Fischer, Joachim Fladt","doi":"10.1148/radiol.243301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.243301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>History: </strong>A 36-year-old man with known history of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) of 13-year duration who was undergoing continuous treatment with subcutaneous interferon-β (INF-β) (44 µg three times per week) presented to the emergency department of our hospital with blurry vision of 1-week duration. Routine MRI performed 1 month earlier had revealed five new fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) T2-hyperintense cerebellar lesions without contrast enhancement, suggesting active RMS, albeit without corresponding neurologic deficits. The patient denied any other symptoms, apart from known yet intensified intermittent tension-type headaches. His history was unremarkable for drug use, recent infections, or travel. There was no routine use of other medication. Apart from a markedly elevated blood pressure (214/122 mm Hg), vital signs were within normal ranges (heart rate, 72 beats per minute; temperature, 97.9 °F [36.6 °C]; respiratory rate, 19 breaths per minute; oxygen saturation, 100%). Physical examination findings were unremarkable. Findings of a neurologic examination were normal, except for known saccadic gaze, with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (or EDSS) of 1. Acute ophthalmologic evaluation with fundoscopy showed bilateral hypertensive retinopathy, without signs of optic neuritis. Laboratory analysis revealed known increased liver enzyme levels due to INF-β treatment (aspartate aminotransferase level, 123 U/L [2.05 µkat/L]; normal range, 11-34 U/L [0.18-0.57 µkat/L]; alanine aminotransferase level, 179 U/L [2.99 µkat/L]; normal range, 9-59 U/L [0.15-0.99 µkat/L]; γ-glutamyl transferase level, 154 U/L [2.57 µkat/L]; normal range, 12-68 U/L [0.20-1.14 µkat/L]). The patient was admitted for further diagnostic evaluation, including new brain and spinal (not shown) MRI studies. Antihypertensive treatment with perindopril and amlodipine was initiated. Further laboratory examinations revealed microalbuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio in urine, 59.21 mg/mmol; reference range, <3.00 mg/mmol) and hyperlipidemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, 3.84 mmol/L; reference range, 1.60-3.40 mmol/L). Blood serologic examination and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory analysis were unremarkable, except for positive oligoclonal bands, with a polymerase chain reaction panel that was negative for common meningitis and/or encephalitis pathogens and a polymerase chain reaction test that was negative for human polyomavirus 2 (or JC virus) DNA in the CSF. The clinical course supported a wait-and-see approach without the use of steroids or antimicrobial therapy. Follow-up contrast-enhanced brain MRI was performed 1 week after presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e243301"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}