Radiology最新文献

{"title":"CT Colonography Is the More Fit Colorectal Cancer Screening Test.","authors":"Jason A Pietryga, David H Kim","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e252681"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Emergency Department Imaging from 2013 to 2023: A National Medicare Analysis.","authors":"Andrew B Rosenkrantz, Ryan W Cummings","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.251395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e251395"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural Bias in the Assessment of Periventricular Flow as Revealed in Postmortem Brains.","authors":"Sihui Li, Ruike Chen, Zuozhen Cao, Qinfeng Zhu, Yihan Ma, Keqing Zhu, Zixuan Lin, Dan Wu","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250753","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.250753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) has been proposed to assess global glymphatic activity in several neurologic diseases. However, it is unclear whether this measurement is biased by fiber microstructure. Purpose To determine the impact of fiber microstructure on DTI-ALPS in postmortem brains with or without Alzheimer disease (AD) and to evaluate the corrected ALPS in living participants. Materials and Methods From June 2021 to August 2023, amyloid β (Aβ)-positive and Aβ-negative postmortem human brains underwent DTI-ALPS. DTI-ALPS and microstructural asymmetries in the postmortem samples were compared between pathologic groups with use of two-way analysis of variance and correlated with age with use of Pearson correlation. The corrected ALPS index, where the age-dependent and pathologic abnormality-related microstructural effect was removed, was applied to in vivo data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and was compared among diagnostic groups with use of analysis of covariance controlling for clinical covariates, with a family-wise error-corrected <i>P</i> < .05 considered indicative of a statistically significant difference. Results Eighteen donors with or without AD (mean age, 69 years ± 13 [SD]; 15 men) and 110 ADNI participants (mean age, 76 years ± 6.8; 65 women) were evaluated. Microstructural asymmetry of the projection fibers was higher in Aβ-negative postmortem specimens than Aβ-positive (Aβ-negative mean, 0.98; Aβ-positive mean, 0.95; <i>P</i> = .045), while asymmetry of the association fibers correlated negatively with age (<i>r</i> = -0.48; <i>P</i> = .044). In the ADNI data, the uncorrected ALPS correlated positively with the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) score (<i>r</i> = 0.30; <i>P</i> = .001) and negatively with florbetapir (AV45) PET (<i>r</i> = -0.27; <i>P</i> = .005). For the corrected ALPS, the correlation with AV45 PET was not statistically significant (<i>r</i> = -0.18; <i>P</i> = .059), and the correlation with the PACC score (<i>r</i> = 0.26; <i>P</i> = .006) decreased (Steiger test <i>z</i> = 2.99; <i>P</i> = .003). Conclusion Microstructural asymmetry observed in postmortem DTI-ALPS varied with Aβ pathologic characteristics and age, and after the minimization of microstructural bias, the corrected ALPS correlated less with AD markers in vivo. © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Rovira and Pareto in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e250753"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False-Positive Recall and False-Positive Biopsy Rates in Mammography Screening: A TOSYMA Trial Subanalysis.","authors":"Stefanie Weigel, Hans-Werner Hense, Veronika Weyer-Elberich, Joachim Gerß, Walter Heindel","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251014","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.251014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background False-positive results may negatively affect participants and diminish the efficiency of mammography screening programs. Purpose To assess whether the higher breast cancer detection rate with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) plus synthesized mammography (SM) compared with digital mammography (DM) in the randomized TOmosynthesis plus SYnthesized MAmmography (TOSYMA) trial comes with higher false-positive rates. Materials and Methods The TOSYMA trial was conducted from July 2018 to December 2020 in women aged 50-70 years (mean age, 57.7 years ± 5.6 [SD]), with 1:1 allocation to the DBT plus SM or DM study arm (NCT03377036). True- and false-positive recall rates, false-positive biopsy rates, and positive predictive values of recalls and biopsies performed were compared per arm. Women with false-positive findings were followed up for 24 months. The analyses were strictly exploratory. Results There were 49 762 women in the DM arm and 49 715 in the DBT plus SM arm. The recall rate was 48.6 per 1000 women screened (2416 of 49 715) with DBT plus SM and 49.9 per 1000 women screened (2483 of 49 762) with DM. The true-positive recall rate of DBT plus SM (8.4 per 1000 women screened; 416 of 49 715) was higher than that of DM (6.2 per 1000 women screened; 306 of 49 762), a difference of 2.2 per 1000 women screened (CI: 0.4, 4.0). The false-positive recall rate was lower with DBT plus SM (40.2 per 1000 women screened; 2000 of 49 715) than with DM (43.7 per 1000 women screened [2177 of 49 762]; difference: -3.5 per 1000 women screened [CI: -7.8, 0.7]), particularly in the first screening round (DBT plus SM: 94.0 per 1000 women; DM: 109.6 per 1000 women screened; difference, -15.6 per 1000 women screened [CI: -31.0, -0.2]). The positive predictive value of recall was higher with DBT plus SM (17.2%; 416 of 2416 women recalled) than with DM (12.3% [306 of 2483 women recalled]; difference, 4.9% [CI: 1.5, 8.3]). The false-positive biopsy rate (7.8 per 1000 women screened; 388 of 49 715) was higher with DBT plus SM (1.8 per 1000 women screened; CI: 0.0, 3.6), and the positive predictive value of biopsies performed was 51.7% (416 of 804 women with biopsies performed; difference, 1.1%; CI: -7.9, 10.2). Interval cancers after false-positive recalls were rare (five with DBT plus SM and two with DM). Conclusion This exploratory analysis of the large randomized TOSYMA trial indicates that DBT plus SM showed lower false-positive recall rates than DM, especially in first-round screening participants. Mildly raised false-positive biopsies of DBT plus SM were compensated by more detected breast cancers. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03377036 © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Mesurolle in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e251014"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farewell from the Editor of Radiology.","authors":"Linda Moy","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"e252526"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Safe MRI- and PET-guided Method for Increasing Osmotic Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability.","authors":"Guanda Qiao, Chengyan Chu, David Gulisashvili, Shalini Sharma, Lukasz Kalkowski, Lucia Fadon-Padilla, Josh Ostovitz, Wojciech G Lesniak, Daniel Deredge, Maciej Walczak, Lei Zhang, Anna Jablonska, Yajie Liang, Dheeraj Gandhi, Piotr Walczak, Miroslaw Janowski","doi":"10.1148/radiol.243396","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.243396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Given the current lack of widely adopted strategies for facilitating drug penetration into the brain, developing new techniques to increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is essential to address the increasing burden of central nervous system disorders. Osmotic blood-brain barrier opening (OBBBO), achieved through intra-arterial delivery of 25% mannitol to the cerebral vasculature, is a pioneering strategy demonstrating both safety and partial efficacy. Purpose To investigate the potential of 25% mannitol with 4% NaCl, a combination that doubles the osmotic power, to safely increase OBBBO efficacy. Materials and Methods To visualize penetration into the brain, OBBBO with intra-arterial, intravenous, or intraperitoneal infusion of molecules was performed in mice (<i>n</i> = 44). Brain penetration of small molecules (gadolinium-based contrast agent) and the safety of the infusion procedure were assessed via MRI and histologic examination. Brain penetration of large molecules (zirconium 89-radiolabeled antibodies) was assessed via PET imaging. A head-to-head comparison was performed of brain penetration of both these molecules using the standard approach (25% mannitol) versus the combination of 25% mannitol with 4% NaCl. The Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, and mixed-model analysis were used for the statistical analyses. Results The findings showed robust OBBBO across the entire targeted hemisphere of mouse brains following administration of 4% NaCl in 25% mannitol (<i>n</i> = 9), surpassing that achieved with 25% mannitol alone (<i>n</i> = 8) (ratio of OBBBO area to intact BBB area, 1.99 ± 0.17 vs 1.41 ± 0.15; <i>P</i> < .001). Follow-up MRI and postmortem histologic examination confirmed the safety of this procedure. PET imaging revealed that brain uptake of radiolabeled antibodies was significantly improved using this new method. Conclusion Combining 4% NaCl with 25% mannitol showed promise for improving the safe delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain through the endovascular route. © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Clement and Gaultier in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e243396"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for: Normal Tissue Complication Probability Model for Radiation-induced Temporal Lobe Injury after Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.","authors":"Lei Zeng, Shao-Min Huang, Yun-Ming Tian, Xue-Ming Sun, Fei Han, Tai-Xiang Lu, Xiao-Wu Deng","doi":"10.1148/radiol.259014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.259014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e259014"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma after Single CT Colonography or Biennial FIT Screening in the SAVE Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Donella Puliti, Lapo Sali, Mario Mascalchi, Gianfranco Manneschi, Teresa Intrieri, Adele Caldarella, Beatrice Mallardi, Giovanna Masala, Giuseppe Gorini, Marco Zappa, Paola Mantellini","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background A 5-year screening interval for CT colonography (CTC) and a 2-year screening interval for fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) have been recommended on the basis of the natural history of colorectal cancer (CRC). Purpose To assess whether the recommended 5-year interval for screening CTC is appropriate and whether CTC is associated with earlier diagnosis relative to biennial FIT screening. Materials and Methods This secondary analysis of the SAVE randomized controlled trial was conducted between March 2012 and March 2018; 14 981 participants aged 54-65 years were randomly assigned to groups undergoing a single CTC examination or three biennial FITs for CRC screening. After the trial period ended, all participants aged younger than 70 years were invited to undergo biennial FIT. The incidence rates of CRC and advanced adenoma (AdA) until December 31, 2021 (mean, 8.4 years of follow-up), in the 1286 participants who underwent CTC and 6027 participants who underwent at least one trial FIT were compared using Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Results In the CTC arm, one interval CRC was observed during the 5 years following CTC, and no cancers were detected thereafter. Overall, nine CRC cases were diagnosed in the CTC arm and 58 in the FIT arm, with no statistically significant difference in CRC incidence rates between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% CI: 0.36, 1.47]; <i>P</i> = .38). All stage IV CRCs (<i>n</i> = 7) occurred in the FIT arm. By the end of follow-up, the CTC arm showed a persistently and significantly higher incidence rate of AdA compared with the FIT arm (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46 [95% CI: 1.11, 1.92]; <i>P</i> = .007). Conclusion The 5-year interval for screening CTC is appropriate and might be associated with earlier diagnosis relative to FIT screening. Clinical trial registration no. NCT01651624 © RSNA, 2025 See also the editorial by Pietryga and Kim in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e250091"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Emphysema at Low-Dose CT Lung Cancer Screening: Assessment Tools and AI Challenges.","authors":"Mario Mascalchi,Stefano Diciotti","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252613","url":null,"abstract":"\"Just Accepted\" papers have undergone full peer review and have been accepted for publication in Radiology. This article will undergo copyediting, layout, and proof review before it is published in its final version. Please note that during production of the final copyedited article, errors may be discovered which could affect the content.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"70 1","pages":"e252613"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELCAP Coronary Artery Calcium Score at Lung Cancer Screening CT Predicts Up to 25-Year Mortality.","authors":"Joseph Shemesh,Rowena Yip,Matthew Cham,Dorith Shaham,David F Yankelevitz,Claudia I Henschke","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"e250090"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}