Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Brain MRI Analysis of Cumulative Blast Exposure and Intracranial Aneurysms in Special Operations Forces.","authors":"Sara De Giorgi, Andrea Diociasi, Rehab N Khalid, Quirin D Strotzer, Phoebe Degn, Katelyn E Rand, Seba Gabali, Ronald E Hirschberg, Scott F Sorg, Michael H Lev, Rajiv Gupta","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252415","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.252415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Special operations forces personnel are frequently exposed to blast forces, but the structural MRI correlates of cumulative blast exposure remain poorly defined. Purpose To determine the prevalence of structural brain MRI abnormalities in special operations forces personnel and examine their association with cumulative blast exposure, quantified using the generalized blast exposure value (GBEV). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included special operations forces personnel evaluated in the Comprehensive Brain Health and Trauma Program, or ComBHaT. All underwent 3-T brain MRI with time-of-flight MR angiography. Imaging findings were extracted from structured neuroradiology reports. Cumulative blast exposure was modeled as log₁₀ (GBEV + 1) (logGBEV). Associations between blast exposure and MRI findings were evaluated using Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests, Fisher exact tests, and multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 564 personnel were evaluated (mean age, 43.3 years ± 9.1 [SD]; 563 male). The most prevalent MRI finding was white matter hyperintensities (215 of 564 participants [38.1%]), followed by intracranial aneurysms (33 of 564 [5.9%]). Among all evaluated MRI findings, only intracranial aneurysms were associated with cumulative blast exposure (mean logGBEV in participants with vs without aneurysms, 7.02 ± 1.06 vs 6.54 ± 0.98; <i>P</i> = .01). No association was observed for other structural abnormalities, including white matter hyperintensities (<i>P</i> = .82). Using a median split of logGBEV (high exposure, ≥6.55; low exposure, <6.55), aneurysm prevalence was greater in the high-exposure group (21 of 220 participants [9.5%]) compared with the low-exposure group (six of 220 [2.7%]) (<i>P</i> = .005; odds ratio, 3.76 [95% CI: 1.49, 9.52]; relative risk, 3.50 [95% CI: 1.44, 8.51]). In multivariable regression (<i>n</i> = 293), logGBEV remained independently associated with aneurysm presence (odds ratio, 1.81 [95% CI: 1.09, 3.03]; <i>P</i> = .02). Conclusion In this large military sample, intracranial aneurysms, but not other structural MRI findings, were independently associated with greater cumulative blast exposure. © RSNA, 2026 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Jabehdar Maralani and Pai in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 1","pages":"e252415"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the Lung-Bone Axis with Opportunistic CT: The Expanding Role of Radiology.","authors":"Takeshi Fukuda","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260715","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 1","pages":"e260715"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cinematic Rendering of Foot Fibrolipoma with Marjolin Ulcer.","authors":"Lu Li, Zhanguo Sun","doi":"10.1148/radiol.253151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.253151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 1","pages":"e253151"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abbreviated Breast MRI Protocols to Monitor Response to Chemotherapy.","authors":"Priscilla J Slanetz, Eren D Yeh","doi":"10.1148/radiol.260798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.260798","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 1","pages":"e260798"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in the Peripheral Zone Using Rapid B1-Insensitive MR Fingerprinting.","authors":"Dheeman Futela,Zhiqing Yin,Sohrab Afshari Mirak,Seth Ryan,Holly Harper,Adam C Calaway,Jonathan E Shoag,Lee E Ponsky,Nikhil H H Ramaiya,Leonardo K Bittencourt,Mark Griswold,Chris A Flask,Yong Chen,Sree Harsha Tirumani","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252547","url":null,"abstract":"Background MR fingerprinting (MRF) has shown utility in focal prostate lesion characterization as a complement to standard prostate MRI. Purpose To determine the utility of a rapid, B1-insensitive MRF technique, combined with standard diffusion MRI, in the characterization of focal prostate lesions in the peripheral zone (PZ), with MRI-guided transrectal US fusion biopsy-derived histopathologic analysis as the reference standard. Materials and Methods Between February 2021 and April 2024, consecutive adults with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) who had not undergone biopsy underwent MRI, including rapid, B1-insensitive MRF (15 seconds per section) on a 3.0-T MRI unit. T1 and T2 from MRF and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion MRI were assessed as independent variables to differentiate clinically significant PCa (csPCa) from clinically insignificant lesions (CILs) (benign lesions and Gleason score of ≤3 + 3 PCa). Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses with receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to calculate the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Results Fifty-two males (mean age, 65 years ± 11 [SD]) with 51 PZ lesions (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1, score ≥3) were included. The mean T2 and ADC were lower for csPCa (n = 22) than for CILs (n = 29) (T2, 56 msec ± 12 vs 80 msec ± 20, respectively [P < .001]; ADC, 668 × 10-6 mm2/sec ± 111 vs 876 × 10-6 mm2/sec ± 181, respectively [P < .001]). At univariable analyses, an optimal T2 cutoff of 58 msec yielded an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.97) (sensitivity, 73% [16 of 22]; specificity, 93% [27 of 29]), whereas an ADC cutoff of 761 × 10-6 mm2/sec yielded an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.95) (sensitivity, 82% [18 of 22]; specificity, 79% [23 of 29]). A multivariable model incorporating both T2 and ADC achieved a higher AUC (AUC, 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.00; P < .001). Further improvement in diagnostic performance was observed when serum prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) was included (AUC, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.0; P = .01). Conclusion Rapid, B1-insensitive prostate MRF-derived T1 and T2 combined with ADC and serum PSAD improved PCa characterization in the PZ. © RSNA, 2026 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Margolis and Gulani in this issue.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"e252547"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT-based Opportunistic Screening for Adding Clinical Value: How I Do It.","authors":"Perry J Pickhardt, Mathew H Lee, Joshua D Warner, Ronald M Summers, John W Garrett","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing awareness that body CT scans contain rich cardiometabolic information that can be leveraged for additional patient benefits. However, the clinical implementation of opportunistic CT screening in routine practice has been hindered by valuable yet onerous manual measurements and subjective assessments. Explainable artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are now poised to change this. The potential impact of opportunistic screening is further enhanced by the large volume of CT scans being obtained. In this \"How I Do It\" installment, the authors briefly outline some current approaches that can be obtained \"on the fly,\" while focusing more on emerging automated solutions. Detecting unsuspected or presymptomatic conditions, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, sarcopenia, and hepatic steatosis, could lead to preventive interventions, regardless of the original indication for imaging. Composite models that combine multiple cardiometabolic CT biomarkers can be applied to survival prediction and assessment of biologic aging, frailty, cancer cachexia, metabolic syndrome, and fracture risk, among other factors. For clinical reporting, a range of logistical, actuarial, and ethical issues must be carefully considered. However, if executed properly, we believe that opportunistic CT screening can add substantial value, be cost saving, and provide a new level of personalized precision medicine befitting the dawning AI information era.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 1","pages":"e252106"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steatosis, Diabetes, and Fibrosis: Bridging Quantitative MRI and Clinical Scores in MASLD.","authors":"Alice Schuch, Louise Torres, Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva","doi":"10.1148/radiol.253364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.253364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 1","pages":"e253364"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fully Automated Deep Learning Model for Quantifying Coronary Plaque at Coronary CT Angiography.","authors":"Qian Chen, Fan Zhou, Wei Xing, Yi Xu, Shudong Hu, Tao Pan, Wei Cao, Lili Guo, Yibing Shi, Song Luo, Lei Xu, Jinhua Zhang, Shijun Zhang, Chao Zheng, Zhiwen Yang, Hong Yan Qiao, Bangjun Guo, Tongyuan Liu, Pengpeng Xu, Wei Xu, Jian Zhong, Guanghui Xie, Xinwei Tao, Guangmin Lu, Chun Xiang Tang, Jun-Jie Zhang, Long Jiang Zhang","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.251967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Deep learning (DL) models for quantifying plaques at coronary CT angiography (CCTA) are rarely used in routine clinical care. Purpose To develop a fully automated DL model for coronary plaque quantification and to evaluate its prognostic value. Materials and Methods Patients who underwent CCTA were retrospectively enrolled from 17 Chinese hospitals between June 2009 and May 2024. The imaging data of these patients were randomly split into training and validation sets at a 7:3 ratio to develop a fully automated DL model for quantifying plaque volume (PV), PlaqueSegNet, which was subsequently externally tested with four independent datasets: a paired CCTA and intravascular US (IVUS) dataset, a subset of the China CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) study 3 dataset collected with different CT scanners, a serial CCTA dataset within a 3-month interval, and a photon-counting CT dataset. The prognostic value of PlaqueSegNet was evaluated using the Harrell C-index in three cohorts: China CT-FFR study 2, China CT-FFR study 1.1, and a serial CCTA cohort. Results The training dataset included 1409 patients (mean age, 63 years ± 10 [SD]; 795 male), and the internal validation dataset included 604 patients (mean age, 63 years ± 10; 329 male). PlaqueSegNet demonstrated excellent agreement and reproducibility for quantifying PV against IVUS and expert readers across the four external datasets (all intraclass correlation coefficients, >0.90), albeit with wide limits of agreement in Bland-Altman analysis. The C-index of PlaqueSegNet for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.67) in the China CT-FFR study 2 (median follow-up, 2.3 years), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.69) in the China CT-FFR study 1.1 (median follow-up, 5.3 years), and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.84) in the serial CCTA cohort (median follow-up, 3.6 years). Conclusion PlaqueSegNet provided fully automated measurements of PV from CCTA that closely agreed with expert readers and IVUS and carried prognostic value for future MACEs. Clinical trial registration no. NCT06025305 © RSNA, 2026 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Williams in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 1","pages":"e251967"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case 349.","authors":"Matheus Hideki Taborda, Matheus Kahakura Franco Pedro, Bernardo Corrêa de Almeida Teixeira","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>History A 76-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 1-month history of worsening binocular diplopia on left horizontal gaze, along with 1 week of progressive dysarthria and dizziness. Additionally, he had a chronic history of right-sided cervicobrachialgia related to degenerative disk disease, which had been improving with oral analgesia. The patient's past medical history included hypertension, dyslipidemia, insomnia, and hypothyroidism. He also had postpolio syndrome affecting the right lower limb. He reported no fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, or chest pain. There was no history of rash, intravenous drug use, immunosuppressive medication use, or documented congenital abnormalities. He reported no recent or recurrent bacterial or viral infections. At clinical examination, the patient appeared tired and had a decreased level of alertness. He was hypertensive (165/91 mm Hg) but had a normal body temperature. Other vital signs were unremarkable. Neurologic assessment revealed left abducens nerve palsy, right lower facial palsy, horizontal nystagmus during right eye adduction, and right lower limb paresis with ipsilateral patellar hyperreflexia. Brain MRI performed the day after admission showed imaging abnormalities (Figs 1-3). Laboratory testing showed an elevated C-reactive protein level (135 mg/L; upper limit of normal, 1 mg/L); other blood tests were within normal limits. Extensive additional diagnostic workup-including serologic testing for anti-aquaporin-4 antibody, anti-DNA antibody, lupus anticoagulant, antinuclear antibody, anti-cardiolipin antibody, and rheumatoid factor-yielded negative results. Lumbar puncture revealed a normal cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure (18 cm H₂O; upper limit of normal, 25 cm H₂O). The cerebrospinal fluid was clear, with a normal total nucleated cell count (3.75/mm³; reference range, 0-5/mm³), normal glucose level (53 mg/dL [2.9 mmol/L]; reference range, 50-77 mg/dL [2.8-4.3 mmol/L]), and elevated total protein level (750 mg/L; reference range, 100-450 mg/L). Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands were positive.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 1","pages":"e252117"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenal Nodule Characterization at Venous Photon-Counting CT: Liver Virtual Noncontrast versus Virtual Unenhanced Comparison.","authors":"Myles T Taffel, Arghavan Sharifi, Bhavik Bansal, Thomas O'Donnell, Bari Dane","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"319 1","pages":"e252335"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}