Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Microbubble-based Radiosensitization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy in a Phase II Randomized Trial.","authors":"Corinne E Wessner, Flemming Forsberg, Andrej Lyshchik, Patrick O'Kane, Kristen Bradigan, Ji-Bin Liu, Lauren J Delaney, Kevin Anton, Stephen R Topper, Jesse Civan, Warren Maley, Scott W Keith, Colette M Shaw, John R Eisenbrey","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250083","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.250083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background US contrast agents are gas-filled microbubbles that can be disrupted locally, such as via ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction (UTMD), which can cause bioeffects that sensitize tumors to radiation. However, the efficacy and safety of UTMD combined with radiation therapy in participants with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unknown. Purpose To determine the treatment efficacy and safety of UTMD in participants with HCC receiving yttrium 90 (⁹⁰Y) transarterial radioembolization (TARE). Materials and Methods In this prospective phase II clinical trial conducted from July 2017 to February 2024, participants with HCC scheduled for ⁹⁰Y-TARE were randomly assigned to undergo ⁹⁰Y-TARE with three UTMD sessions (treatment group) or ⁹⁰Y-TARE alone (control group). The primary end point was treatment response evaluated at MRI or CT using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Secondary end points included safety, overall survival, time to next treatment, rate of liver transplantation, and pathologic response in the event of transplantation. Changes in general laboratory values and vital signs were compared using unpaired and paired <i>t</i> tests, survival and time to next treatment between groups were compared between groups using log-rank tests, and treatment response distribution was compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test. Results The study sample consisted of 98 participants (mean age, 69 years ± 8.4 [SD]; 71 men). The safety analysis showed no evidence of a difference in vital signs before versus after the initial UTMD session in the treatment group (all <i>P</i> ≥ .07). There was also no evidence of a difference in changes in general laboratory values from before to after treatment between the treatment and control groups (all <i>P</i> ≥ .08). In the control group, 34% (17 of 50) of participants had stable disease, 22% (11 of 50) had partial response, and 44% (22 of 50) had complete response; in the treatment group, 4% (two of 48) had stable disease, 35% (17 of 48) had partial response, and 60% (29 of 48) had complete response. Thus, UTMD increased the proportion of participants who experienced complete or partial response by 30 percentage points (96% [46 of 48] vs 66% [33 of 50]; <i>P</i> = .01). Overall survival was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (mortality hazard ratio, 0.51 [95% CI: 0.28, 0.95]; <i>P</i> = .03). Conclusion Compared with only ⁹⁰Y-TARE, adding microbubble-based radiosensitization via UTMD to ⁹⁰Y-TARE in the treatment of HCC had similar safety, provided improved treatment response, and prolonged survival. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03199274 © RSNA, 2025 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e250083"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Practices for the Safe Use of Large Language Models and Other Generative AI in Radiology.","authors":"Paul H Yi, Hana L Haver, Jean J Jeudy, Woojin Kim, Felipe C Kitamura, Eniola T Oluyemi, Andrew D Smith, Linda Moy, Vishwa S Parekh","doi":"10.1148/radiol.241516","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.241516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As large language models (LLMs) and other generative artificial intelligence (AI) models are rapidly integrated into radiology workflows, unique pitfalls threatening their safe use have emerged. Problems with AI are often identified only after public release, highlighting the need for preventive measures to mitigate negative impacts and ensure safe, effective deployment into clinical settings. This article summarizes best practices for the safe use of LLMs and other generative AI models in radiology, focusing on three key areas that can lead to pitfalls if overlooked: regulatory issues, data privacy, and bias. To address these areas and minimize risk to patients, radiologists must examine all potential failure modes and ensure vendor transparency. These best practices are based on the best available evidence and the experiences of leaders in the field. Ultimately, this article provides actionable guidelines for radiologists, radiology departments, and vendors using and integrating generative AI into radiology workflows, offering a framework to prevent these problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e241516"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145125818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Node Reporting and Data System in Focus: Advancing Precision in Axillary Staging for Breast Cancer.","authors":"Vivianne Freitas","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e252033"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility MRI Helps Predict Mild Cognitive Impairment Onset and Cognitive Decline in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults.","authors":"Lin Chen,Anja Soldan,Andreia Faria,Marilyn Albert,Peter C M van Zijl,Xu Li, ","doi":"10.1148/radiol.250513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.250513","url":null,"abstract":"Background Elevated brain iron is a potential marker for neurodegeneration, but its role in predicting onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and prospective cognitive trajectories remains unclear. Purpose To investigate how brain iron and amyloid-β (Aβ) levels, measured using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI and PET, help predict MCI onset and cognitive decline. Materials and Methods In this prospective study conducted between January 2015 and November 2022, cognitively unimpaired older adults underwent baseline QSM MRI. Among the majority with baseline PET data (PET subgroup), cortical Aβ burden was measured. Cox regression and linear mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between baseline tissue susceptibility and time to MCI onset and changes in cognitive scores over time. Results A total of 158 cognitively unimpaired older adults (mean age, 69.5 years ± 8.1 [SD]; 99 women), including 110 individuals (mean age, 68.5 years ± 8.5; 69 women) with data from a PET examination, were evaluated at baseline and followed for up to 7.7 years. Higher baseline susceptibility in the entorhinal cortex and putamen was associated with an increased risk for MCI onset in the overall group and in the PET subgroup (entorhinal cortex, overall group vs PET subgroup: hazard ratio, 2.00 [95% CI: 1.23, 3.23; P = .005] vs 3.59 [95% CI: 1.70, 7.57; P < .001], respectively). In addition, in the PET subgroup, higher baseline susceptibility in the entorhinal cortex (overall, β = -0.020 [standard error of the mean, 0.008; P = .01]; in the entorhinal cortex, β = -0.022 [standard error of the mean, 0.008; P = .008]; and in the putamen, β = -0.018 [standard error of the mean, 0.008; P = .04]) was associated with greater global cognitive decline over time, particularly in the presence of amyloid abnormality. Conclusion Increased tissue magnetic susceptibility in the entorhinal cortex and putamen is a significant predictor of onset of mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired older adults, especially those with amyloid neuropathologic abnormalities. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Andreu Arasa in this issue.","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"e250513"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Node Reporting and Data System in Focus: Advancing Precision in Axillary Staging for Breast Cancer.","authors":"Vivianne Freitas","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"e252033"},"PeriodicalIF":19.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease.","authors":"Xiaoyu Liu, Binglin Lai","doi":"10.1148/radiol.243534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.243534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e243534"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Vision-Language Model to Generate Visual Abstracts for Radiology Journals.","authors":"Taehee Lee, Seonhye Chae, Seong Ho Park, Charles E Kahn, Seng Chan You, Soon Ho Yoon","doi":"10.1148/radiol.251458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.251458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e251458"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opening Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability: A Challenge for Local Delivery of Therapeutic Drugs.","authors":"Olivier Clement, Anne-Laure Gaultier","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252506","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.252506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e252506"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-based Triple-Modality Imaging Ushers a New Era for Stem Cell Tracking in Stroke.","authors":"Fanny Chapelin","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252546","DOIUrl":"10.1148/radiol.252546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e252546"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False-Positive Recall and Biopsy Rates in Breast Cancer Screening: Insights from TOSYMA.","authors":"Benoît Mesurolle, Mona El Khoury","doi":"10.1148/radiol.252367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.252367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20896,"journal":{"name":"Radiology","volume":"316 3","pages":"e252367"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}