Progress in Organic Coatings最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of halogen-free flame retardants waterborne polyurethane co-modified with soft and hard segments","authors":"Qingqing Shen ,&nbsp;Zeng Wang ,&nbsp;Haijun Xu ,&nbsp;Junmin Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel waterborne polyurethane flame retardant, featuring co-modification with both soft and hard segments, was synthesized utilizing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mn = 300), phosphorus poly alcohol (Exolit OP550), 2,2-dihydroxymethylpropionic acid (DMPA), phosphinylidynetrimethanol (THPO). The optimal conditions for the reaction were meticulously explored: 60 wt% OP550 in polyol, <em>R</em> = 1.6, 10 wt% THPO, and 5 wt% DMPA in prepolymer. Under these conditions, the flame retardant effect was exceptionally ideal, achieving a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28 % for the latex film and an even higher LOI of 30 % for the treated polyester fabrics. TG-FTIR analysis demonstrated that FRWPU60 had a positive effect on the flame retardant performance in the gas phase. CONE analysis further revealed that FRWPU60 altered the burning mode of polyester at high temperatures exhibiting both condensed-phase and gas-phase flame retardant mechanisms. Specifically, the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (HRR) values of the FRWPU60-treated polyester fabrics were lower than those of the control samples. Based on the comprehensive analysis results, we proposed the flame retardant mechanism. The mechanisms involved capturing radicals generated by combustion, synergistically promoting charring, and inhibiting heat transfer. These mechanisms collectively contributed to the exceptional flame retardant properties of the FRWPU60-treated polyester fabrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109251"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the hygrothermal aging mechanism of photo-thermal dual-curing solder mask","authors":"Wenbao Geng ,&nbsp;Yulong Li ,&nbsp;Jia Xiong ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Boyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiawei Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Li ,&nbsp;Huayu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photo-thermal dual-curing solder masks with high resolution and excellent mechanical properties are widely used in semiconductor advanced packaging applications. The reliability of electronic products in high temperature and high humidity environments has always been the focus of research in the semiconductor industry. The structural transformation of solder mask as the protection of package substrate lines under high temperature and humidity environment is particularly important. This paper focuses on the hygrothermal aging process and mechanism of photo-thermal dual-curing solder masks. The effects of time, temperature and humidity on the structural and mechanical properties of solder masks during the hygrothermal aging process are thoroughly investigated. After being treated at high temperature and humidity for 168 h, the ester group as cross-linking point in the photo-thermal dual-curing solder mask hydrolyzes to generate carboxyl and hydroxyl group. The crosslink density of the solder mask reduces from 48.42 × 10⁻⁴ mol/ml to 29.27 × 10⁻⁴ mol/ml. Additionally, solder masks are not hydrolysed after being treated at high temperature or humidity for 168 h. Aging of solder masks only occurs when they are treated at high temperature and humidity and when the temperature and humidity reach the threshold values. This study provides a guiding reference for the application of solder masks in the field of advanced packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109241"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of smart coatings containing core-shell nanofibers with self-healing and self-reporting properties","authors":"Yingdong Cui ,&nbsp;Xia Zhao ,&nbsp;Zuquan Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Ji ,&nbsp;Jizhou Duan ,&nbsp;Baorong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic coatings sustain damage during service inevitably. Accurately locating the damaged site and healing it simultaneously to prevent substrate exposure are significant challenges in extending the service life of metallic structures. This study reports on a smart protective coating with self-reporting and self-healing capabilities. The strategy was realized by embedding polyacrylonitrile (PAN) core-shell nanofibers containing 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2-AT) and crystal violet lactone (CVL) into organic coatings. When the PAN@2-AT/CVL coating was damaged, CVL at the damaged site emitted bright blue fluorescence under UV light, while 2-AT could adsorb and form a thin film on the steel surface to inhibit corrosion. Furthermore, the flexibility of the PAN@2-AT/CVL coating was significantly enhanced compared to the blank coating, which helped to reduce the formation of microcracks in the coating. The smart coating was expected to be widely applied for the protection of infrastructure in marine environments, offering new solutions for improving the performance of metallic protection materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109240"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of PTSLIPS coatings using polyurethane-based nanocomposite and investigation of their hydrophobicity and anti-icing properties","authors":"Mahdi Kouhi ,&nbsp;Ali Olad ,&nbsp;Abdolreza Mirmohseni ,&nbsp;Behzad Pourabbas","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers have shown a keen interest in phase transformable lubricant-infused porous surfaces, given their commendable attributes, including hydrophobicity, high anti-icing properties, strength, durability in harsh conditions, and simple design. In this study, a straightforward methodology was employed to fabricate a cost-effective phase transformable slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (PTSLIPS) coating using polyurethane (PU) and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SNPs). In this regard, hydrophobic SNPs were fabricated and modified through a cost-effective one-pot method. The prepared hydrophobic SNPs were characterized using FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques. The results confirmed the successful synthesis of hydrophobic SNPs using the aforementioned method. The silanization method was utilized to diminish the surface energy of the resulting coating. The PU based nanocomposites containing different weight ratios of silica and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were casted on glass and aluminum substrates. Subsequently, these coatings were immersed in coconut oil, a natural and eco-friendly lubricant, to establish a slippery surface. In order to phase transition of lubricant from liquid to solid, the coatings were placed in a freezer. According to the of SEM and AFM results, increasing the content of nanoparticles and TEOS in the coatings to 10 wt% improves the hydrophobicity of the coatings. Also, wettability experiments uncovered that the coating with 10 wt% modified SNPs and 10 wt% TEOS exhibited the most substantial static contact angle (141°) and dynamic angle (1.9°), rendering it the optimal choice. Notably, the presence of this coating delayed water icing time on surface by 6.26, 8.08, 4.99, and 7.67 times compared to glass and aluminum bare surfaces and pure polyurethane-coated glass and aluminum surfaces, respectively. Impressively, the coating demonstrated high stability after 10 icing/de-icing cycles and immersing 15 days in saturated salty and acidic rain solutions. It can be concluded that the prepared coating can be used on different substrates in various fields such as aerospace, maritime, and automobile industries because it has represented good potentials including high hydrophobicity, anti-icing ability, and good durability in harsh conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109246"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the effect of dopants of electropolymerized polyaniline coating on controlling the oxidation of austenitic stainless steel in contaminated phosphoric acid medium","authors":"Hajar Hajjaoui ,&nbsp;Maria Boudalia ,&nbsp;Maha El Hawary ,&nbsp;Anton José Garcia ,&nbsp;Abdelkbir Bellaouchou ,&nbsp;Hatem M.A. Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphoric acid solutions with aggressive impurities consisting of chloride and fluoride ions as well as dissolved oxygen can severely damage exposed metallic materials. Herein, two doped polyaniline coatings are electrochemically deposited onto 904 L austenitic stainless steel (904 L ASS) to serve as a post-treatment for this alloy, aiming to minimize localized corrosion during its application in phosphoric acid industries. The two PANI films doped with H₃PO₄ (PANI-PO₄) and KNO₃ (PANI-NO₃) are formed in the oxidation state of leucoemeraldine and emeraldine salts, respectively, and provide excellent corrosion protection of 904 L ASS in phosphoric acid solution contaminated with fluoride, chloride and sulfate. The surface analyses are performed using various methods such as EIS, potentiodynamic polarization, ATR-FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM. The electrochemical results demonstrate that both deposited polymers offer high anodic protection efficiency for the 904 L ASS surface, with 94.1 % and 95.7 % for PANI-PO₄ and PANI-NO₃, respectively. Besides their common role as a physical barrier, this research attempts to emphasize the anodic protection efficacy of doped PANI films against local corrosion of 904 L ASS by facilitating the oxidation of the underlying substrate and strengthening the passive layer at the metal solution interface. The surface analyses reveal that chloride ions are embedded within both PANI coating chains. This causes minimum broad local corrosion instead of deeper pits, indicating that both coatings enhance the corrosion resistance of 904 L ASS by facilitating the self-repair of the passive film. Consequently, PANI coatings offer a feasible solution to address corrosion issues faced in the phosphoric industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stretchable and robust superhydrophobic fabrics","authors":"Manyi Gu ,&nbsp;Mengyao He ,&nbsp;Xinqing Wang ,&nbsp;Chunyu Ding ,&nbsp;Kunlin Chen ,&nbsp;Yangyi Sun ,&nbsp;Dongming Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creating stretchable and robust superhydrophobic fabrics is curial for advanced dynamic protective materials, but it remains a significant challenge due to the mechanical deformation would damage surface structures required for superhydrophobicity. Here we present a strategy to devise <strong>s</strong>tretchable and <strong>r</strong>obust <strong>s</strong>uper<strong>h</strong>ydrophobic <strong>f</strong>abrics (SRSHFs) that exhibit exceptional liquid repellency (e. g. water, coffee, milk, et al), low contact angle hysteresis (&lt;7°), outstanding mechanical abrasion resistance (up to 1000 cycles after self-healing), remarkable stretchability stability (up to 7000 cycles of 50 % stretching-releasing without superhydrophobicity loss after self-healing), and rapid self-healing capabilities (restoring functionality within 5 min at 80 °C heating). Our strategy is based on a robust “artificial fluorine-free raspberry-like particles (AFRNPs) + glue + stretchable fiber substrate” coating technique, integrated with a single-fiber-film-forming process, which makes use of hierarchical microscale hydrophobic fibers with surface-deposited nanoscale rough particles to achieve superhydrophobicity while maintain these properties under significant tensile deformation. This single-fiber-film-forming coating technique enables construction of densely packed AFRNPs on individual microscale fibers of a stretchable fabric substrate. The AFRNPs, featuring hydrosilylation-reactive vinyl (C=C) groups, act as chemical anchoring sites for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) glue, and ensure robust adhesion and structural stability, thus enables the fabrics to retain superhydrophobicity under mechanical abrasion and repeated stretching-relaxing-recovery cycles. Our SRSHFs show significant potential for broad applications, such as wearable electronic devices, fabric dressings, and liquid motion manipulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular hydrogels based on boroxine and application in self-healing superhydrophobic coating","authors":"Xiangli Chen,&nbsp;Tiancheng Li,&nbsp;Biao Li,&nbsp;Miao Wang,&nbsp;Liyuan Guo,&nbsp;Peng Tian,&nbsp;Lei Meng,&nbsp;Mi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-healing superhydrophobic coatings have attracted extensive attention in recent years because of their excellent properties of water-resisting, anti-fouling, and self-healing. However, it faces many challenges such as decontamination efficiency, environmental adaptability, and cost. Herein, design and preparation of tri‑boronic acid compounds containing imine bonds (MP), and 7 kinds of MP hydrogels were obtained at a wide pH range (pH = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13). The structure and morphology of MP hydrogels were characterized by FTIR and SEM. WCA tests demonstrate the hydrophobicity of the MP compound and MP xerogel. The rheological results demonstrate that the hydrogel with pH 5 exhibits the greatest energy storage modulus (<em>G'</em>) and displays the strongest resistance to external force. MP incorporated into PDMS-SiO₂ coating to fabricate PDMS-SiO₂-MP coating by spraying method. Compared to PDMS-SiO₂ coating, PDMS-SiO₂-MP coating not only enhanced the hydrophobicity, adhesion, friction resistance, and anti-corrosion but also provided self-healing properties. Moreover, when PDMS-SiO₂-MP coating was sprayed on the surface of glass, aluminum, plastic, wood, paper, and sponge, it indicated a superhydrophobic effect. The filter paper was coated by PDMS-SiO₂-MP has good oil-water separation abilities, and its oil-water separation efficiency remains above 90 % after 10 cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109248"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bamboo fiber-based water- and oil-proof cardboard with reversible thermochromic properties for fast food packaging","authors":"Yulong Hu ,&nbsp;Ruqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Meidan Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingyi Li ,&nbsp;Feng Jiang ,&nbsp;Youping Tang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Li ,&nbsp;Ling Yang ,&nbsp;Zhu Long","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of street vendor economies has driven the popularity of fast food, mainly due to its inherent convenience. However, such foods are typically served at high temperatures, and existing packaging materials fail to allow consumers to effectively judge the temperature. This study developed thermochromic, water- and oil-proof cardboard specifically designed for fast food packaging. The coating, consisting of sodium alginate (SA), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and ethyl cellulose (EC), was applied to the cardboard, coupled with a thermochromic material (TC) incorporating crystal violet lactone (CVL), bisphenol A (BPA), and stearyl alcohol. The resultant cardboard exhibited outstanding water- and oil-proof properties. The enhanced oil resistance was attributable to hydrogen bonding between SA and HMRC, as well as cross-linking between SA/HPMC and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in the base paper. The PVB/EC coating further reinforced the cardboard's waterproofing and mechanical properties through additional hydrogen bonding. In thermochromic tests, the cardboard displayed a significant color change, transitioning from dark blue to colorless as the temperature increased from 30 °C to 55 °C. Overall, this research developed a bamboo-fiber-based food packaging cardboard with superior water- and oil-proof, and thermochromic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109236"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene-based anti-corrosive coatings: From physical barrier to active corrosion protection","authors":"Yonglong Zhang,&nbsp;Yue Yin,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;Feiyan Yang,&nbsp;Lingjing Meng,&nbsp;Yunfei Cai,&nbsp;Jinfang Wu,&nbsp;Fang Guo,&nbsp;Wenbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coating is an effective method for protecting metals from corrosion, as it can prevent aggressive ions from penetrating onto metallic surface. However, pure anti-corrosive coatings are often susceptible to the formation of micropores and cracks during the preparation process and can be easily damaged by external environment factors during service, significantly reducing their protective capabilities. An effective strategy to address this issue is the incorporation of high-aspect-ratio, high stability two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as MXenes, into the coating. The “labyrinth effect” created by the lamellar 2D structure of MXenes forms a longer and more tortuous diffusion path, effectively blocking the longitudinal penetration of corrosive ions and enhancing the barrier performance of the coating. To further enhance the corrosion protection provided by MXene fillers in the coating matrix, modification treatments are necessary to improve the dispersion of the MXene fillers and the overall quality of the coating. These modifications can effectively reduce the diffusion paths of aggressive ions. Additionally, the high specific surface area of MXenes allows them to store corrosion inhibitors, enabling the slow release of these inhibitors for long-term corrosion protection. This review summarizes the application of MXene in anti-corrosive coatings, including physical barrier and active protection. We begin by discussing the preparation of single or few-layer 2D MXene fillers. Next, we examine the use of pristine or modified MXenes as passivation fillers to strengthen coating integrity. Furthermore, we explore the use of MXenes as supports for corrosion inhibitors to endow the anti-corrosive coatings with active protection capabilities. Finally, the future development directions for MXene fillers are prospected, and the challenges of enhancing the corrosion protection of organic coatings were discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109225"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic substituent effects on ketocoumarin-based photoinitiators: Structure-activity relationships for high-efficiency LED photopolymerization","authors":"Shuheng Fan ,&nbsp;Xun Sun ,&nbsp;Haipeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xue Qi ,&nbsp;Jingjing Lou ,&nbsp;Peike Wang ,&nbsp;Yulian Pang ,&nbsp;Yingquan Zou ,&nbsp;Jun Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ketocoumarins have emerged as promising candidates for efficient Norrish type II photoinitiators (PIs) due to their long light absorption wavelengths, excellent photosensitive activity, and high photoinduced electron transfer efficiency. In this study, a series of ketocoumarin-based PIs (KCs) were designed and synthesized with various substituents, including methyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, phenyl, <em>p-</em>methylaminophenyl, and <em>p-</em>methylthiophenyl, linked to carbonyl. The primary objective was to explore the structure-reactivity-efficiency relationships of KCs, which are crucial for LED photopolymerization. The introduction of electron-withdrawing groups linked to carbonyl resulted in a relative redshift in absorption and enhanced photoinitiation efficiency in KCs. In contrast, the incorporation of electron-donating groups led to a blueshift in absorption or significant changes due to alterations in the chromophore's functional structure. These effects were confirmed through theoretical calculations. Notably, S-KC-F, with carbonyl connected to trifluoromethyl, exhibited superior photoinitiation performance, surpassing that of commercial PIs KC-01 and ITX under UV-LED irradiation. Additionally, S-KC-F exhibited good solubility, suggesting its potential for practical applications; however, its poor cytocompatibility may restrict its use in food packaging and biomedicine. These findings provide a strategic approach to designing high-performance PIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}