Hao Zhang , Lingfeng Zhang , Bingxian Liu , Yuxin Zai , Ji Gao , Cunwei Fan , Kangning Su , Jie Sun
{"title":"Progress of fluorine-free water repellents for textiles: A comprehensive review from industry and academia","authors":"Hao Zhang , Lingfeng Zhang , Bingxian Liu , Yuxin Zai , Ji Gao , Cunwei Fan , Kangning Su , Jie Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-repellent finishing technology plays a crucial role in the functional processing of textiles. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-based water repellents have dominated the market for a long time due to their excellent water-repellent performance. However, they pose risks of environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, leading to their regulation by many countries. This paper reviews the water-repellent mechanism of textiles, the development history of water-repellent finishing agents, and the research progress of fluorine-free water-repellent finishing agents. The water-repellent mechanism is based on the surface contact angle, and water repellency is achieved through special fibers or finishing agents. The development of finishing agents has gone through three stages: the preliminary development of water-repellent agents, the rapid development of fluorine-containing water-repellent agents, and the development of fluorine-free agents. Fluorine-free water repellents replace fluorocarbon chains with long-chain alkyl groups, and mainly fall into four categories (polyacrylate-based, organosilicon-based, polyurethane-based, and dendritic polymer-based) and others. In addition, cutting-edge water-repellent technologies such as nanotechnology and plasma technology are introduced. In the future, the research focus and development direction of water-repellent should be placed on bionic structures, bio-based materials, and multi-functional integration to promote the high-performance and green development of textile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109948"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irati Celada , Ekiñe Apellaniz , Aina Pérez , Paul Jusner , Richard Vendamme , Marc Comí
{"title":"Impact of the biobased transition on the properties of depolymerized lignin-derived epoxy resin for metal coating applications","authors":"Irati Celada , Ekiñe Apellaniz , Aina Pérez , Paul Jusner , Richard Vendamme , Marc Comí","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of safer and more sustainable polymers increasingly relies on the substitution of substances of concern. Among these, bisphenols, widely used in the polymer industry, are under scrutiny due to their endocrine-disrupting effects and are being progressively banned, particularly in food-contact applications such as coatings. Lignin, a renewable and bio-aromatic alternative, has garnered industrial interest as a potential substitute. However, variability in its quality and sourcing continues to limit its widespread adoption in material applications. In this study, a series of epoxy resin formulations were developed using glycidylated depolymerized lignin (GDL) with different characteristics, alongside increasing levels of bio-based content through the substitution of fossil-based epoxy with bio-based alternatives. The resulting crosslinked networks were thoroughly characterized, and their structure-property relationships were investigated through thermomechanical performance analysis. Here, we establish fully lignin-based epoxy systems and demonstrate their coating performance on metal substrates through standardized industrial evaluation methods. Coating effectiveness on metal substrates was evaluated based on appearance, adhesion, peel and impact resistance. Overall, this work demonstrates that lignin can play a key role in the transition to bio-based coatings. However, the success of this transition relies on both the consistency of the lignin source and the design of the formulation. These findings represent a significant step toward the development of high-performance, sustainable, versatile, bio-based but viable and scalable coating materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109931"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianyang Li , Zhenguo Cui , Yuehai Song , Xinyuan Wang
{"title":"Fabrication of catalyst-free silver-plated polystyrene microspheres and their application in epoxy conductive adhesive","authors":"Jianyang Li , Zhenguo Cui , Yuehai Song , Xinyuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver-plated polymer microspheres are pivotal for developing cost-effective conductive adhesives, yet achieving high-quality, non-agglomerated plated layers without costly catalysts remains challenging. This study presents a novel electroless plating strategy to fabricate silver-plated polystyrene (Ag@PS) microspheres (particle size range: 1–6 μm), where pre-formed silver nuclei act as seeds for shell growth, eliminating the need for external catalysts. Under optimized conditions involving temperature, concentration, and dispersant control, the resulting Ag@PS microspheres exhibited excellent monodispersity, a uniform silver layer, and a high silver content of 71.4 wt%. When applied as conductive fillers in epoxy adhesive, the Ag@PS-based adhesives achieved a percolation threshold of 55 wt%, significantly lower than that of solid silver-filled adhesive (65 wt%), and reached a volume resistivity of 8.8 × 10<sup>−4</sup> Ω·cm with 10 % less filler. This work provides a scalable, cost-saving strategy to produce high-performance conductive adhesives for modern electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109906"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress-transforming polymer with synergistic energy dissipation for durable anti-corrosion coatings","authors":"Li Chen , Fan-di Meng , Fu-hui Wang , Li Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.110000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.110000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymers used in protective coatings often suffer stress-induced degradation under dynamic loading, especially in deep-sea environments dominated by high hydrostatic pressure and fluid shear. Here, we report a stress-transforming polymer that actively converts mechanical energy into network adaptation rather than passively withstanding it. This material combines a robust epoxy backbone with a dynamic network of side-chain-anchored diselenide mechanophores and a complementary hydrogen-bonding network. The diselenide motifs, grafted via hexamethylene diisocyanate, act as force-activated sacrificial linkages that undergo homolytic scission and radical exchange under stress, enabling topological remodeling of the network. Spectroscopic analyses (FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, XPS) confirmed the successful synthesis. Upon mechanical activation (3 MPa pre-compression, 5 min), the polymer exhibits remarkable autonomous self-strengthening, with tensile strength and toughness increased by approximately 308% and 194%, respectively. Cyclic tensile and DMA analyses revealed stress-induced reinforcement and pronounced energy dissipation. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy directly detected selenium-centered radicals post-compression, while in situ FT-IR captured reversible bonding events, providing combined evidence for the force-triggered Se<img>Se recombination and sacrificial hydrogen bonding. In simulated deep-sea conditions (6 MPa + 3 m/s, 3.5 wt% NaCl), the optimal coating formulation (STP<sub>5</sub>–EP) demonstrated superior anti-corrosion performance, maintaining exceptional barrier integrity with high charge-transfer resistance (2.3 × 10<sup>10</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>) and a crack-free morphology after 240 h. This work establishes a viable molecular engineering paradigm for developing coatings that actively resist mechanical degradation through intrinsic stress transformation, offering a pathway to enhanced durability in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 110000"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Zhao , Tianhui Hao , Xinghe Jin , Chao Wang , Zhiqiang Xu , Jifeng Zhang , Haotian Guo
{"title":"Phase-change-driven solid lubricating coatings with ultralow ice adhesion and replenishable functionality","authors":"Lin Zhao , Tianhui Hao , Xinghe Jin , Chao Wang , Zhiqiang Xu , Jifeng Zhang , Haotian Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice accumulation severely threatens the safe operation of critical systems, and passive icephobic surfaces have attracted significant attention as an effective strategy. Conventionally, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) achieve ultralow ice adhesion, but the durability is undermined by lubricant depletion under complex environmental conditions. In this study, we propose a phase-change-driven solid-state lubricating icephobic surfaces (PLIPS), which achieves nearly zero ice adhesion through interfacial physical isolation, and the performance can be fully regenerated through lubricant replenishment and in-situ absorption. The coating consists of a gel network formed by blending epoxy resin, polydimethylsiloxane, and alkanes, where the alkanes crystallize and migrate toward the surface driven by low temperature, forming a porous solid lubricating layer at the ice-coating interface, which serves as a thermal barrier and physically separates the ice from the substrate. Through systematic investigation of lubricant migration, phase transition, and replenishment behavior, the PLIPS achieved nearly zero ice adhesion strength and a 137% longer droplet freezing delay (1018 s at −20 °C) compared with the PDMS-only control. After 30 icing–deicing cycles, ice adhesion remained extremely low (< 35 kPa), and the initial performance could be fully restored through simple thermal immersion for lubricant replenishment. This work provides a novel strategy for durable and replenishable anti-icing coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109965"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomimetic design of eco-friendly capsaicin-inspired bifunctional polymer coatings with antibacterial and antifouling capabilities","authors":"Inhui Bae, Yeonsu Cho, Hyo Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hydrophobic polymer coating with antibacterial and antifouling properties was developed by employing a biomimetic strategy using <em>N</em>-vanillylnonanamide, a capsaicin analog derived from chili pepper. Poly(4-chloromethylstyrene) was first synthesized by free-radical polymerization and was subsequently functionalized <em>via</em> nucleophilic substitution with <em>N</em>-vanillylnonanamide (PEP) to covalently introduce capsaicin-based side chains. A series of polymers (PPEP#, # = 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100) was obtained, and their structural, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied. The thin films were fabricated on glass and cellulose substrates by spin- and dip-coating exhibited high optical transparency. As an environmentally friendly alternative to toxic fluorinated compounds, these coatings incorporate bio-inspired molecular structures with functional surface properties. Surface energy measurements and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed a progressive increase in surface hydrophobicity with increasing PEP content. The coatings also sealed the porous structure of the cellulose, significantly reducing its water permeability, while maintaining sufficient mechanical integrity and adhesion to the substrate. Antibacterial adhesion tests demonstrated that PPEP100 inhibited <em>Escherichia coli</em> attachment by 100% and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> attachment by 92.3%. Long-term adhesion tests under biofilm-promoting conditions further showed that PPEP100 maintained antibacterial adhesion resistance over 7 days. Antifouling assessments using dyes and household contaminants indicated improved performance with increasing PEP substitution, attributed to reduced surface energy and suppressed adsorption. Furthermore, PPEP100 exhibited excellent structural stability under various extreme conditions. These findings highlight PPEP# as a promising eco-friendly coating, which incorporates hydrophobicity with durable antibacterial and antifouling properties without relying on fluorinated materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109954"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Ma , Liu Liu , Lei Wang , Lu Tang , Chen Wang , Wanxia Huang
{"title":"A stretchable and scalable Janus coating film with a multiscale porous structure integrating passive radiative cooling and electromagnetic shielding","authors":"Lei Ma , Liu Liu , Lei Wang , Lu Tang , Chen Wang , Wanxia Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating global energy crisis and electromagnetic pollution pose dual threats to sustainability and human health. Developing multifunctional materials for zero-energy cooling and effective EMI shielding is therefore crucial. Herein, based on high-speed shear and ultrasonic dispersion, a stretchable Janus coating film was fabricated via a scalable method combining solvent evaporation and humidity-assisted phase separation. The film integrates passive radiative cooling, electromagnetic interference shielding, Joule heating, self-cleaning, and flame retardancy in a single system. The radiative cooling layer, comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix with BaSO<sub>4</sub> micro-nanoparticles and SiO<sub>2</sub>-HA fillers, forms a multiscale porous structure that leverages Mie scattering, multiple reflection, and phonon-polariton resonance to achieve high solar reflectance (90.46%) and emissivity (95.71%). It also exhibits superhydrophobicity (CA > 150°) and low thermal conductivity. The EMI layer, constructed with a graphene-based dense-porous gradient, resolves the recalcitrant problem of combining high shielding efficiency and excellent mechanical properties with graphene as filler material. It employs an absorption-reflection-absorption mechanism that yields an average shielding effectiveness of 36.07 dB (X-band) and fast electrothermal heating to 93.3 °C at 7 V. A halogen-free phosphorus additive provides self-extinguishing flame retardancy, and the film maintains excellent flexibility (strain 243%). Outdoor tests show an average daytime sub-ambient cooling of 5.5 °C and a theoretical cooling power of 84.27 W/m<sup>2</sup>. Building energy simulations further demonstrate Janus film's significant cooling energy savings across global climates. With superior mechanical robustness, environmental stability, and adaptive thermal management, this Janus coating film offers strong potential for building energy conservation, wearable electronics, and outdoor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109968"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tian Zhang , Xiao Song , Wanhai Ni , Xiangji Liu , Xiaolu Zhou , Jing Gao , Zhou Lu , Chaohong Dong
{"title":"A biomass-derived P/N/B synergistic flame retardant for cotton fabrics: achieving durable, high-efficiency flame retardancy with low smoke release","authors":"Tian Zhang , Xiao Song , Wanhai Ni , Xiangji Liu , Xiaolu Zhou , Jing Gao , Zhou Lu , Chaohong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional cotton fabric flame retardants containing phosphorus frequently suffer from formaldehyde emissions, excessive smoke release, and insufficient washing durability. This research developed TBMP, an innovative flame retardant coating absent halogens and formaldehyde which was developed based on an integrated P/N/B synergistic design. Cyanuric chloride served as a nitrogen rich backbone, phosphoric acid as an acid source, boric acid as an efficient smoke suppression component, and biomass derived mannitol as a sustainable carbon source, reflecting green and environmentally sustainable development principles. At a weight gain of 24.0%, the treated fabric achieved a LOI of 46.9% and a short char length of 6.3 cm. Thermogravimetric analysis showed enhanced char formation, with char residues increased by 10.88% in air and 28.09% in nitrogen at 700 °C. Cone calorimetry outcomes indicated a peak heat release rate decrease of 88.73% and a total heat release reduction of 47.07%, while maintaining a competitively low total smoke release (TSR) of 0.47 m<sup>2</sup> among superior flame-resistant systems, thus achieving a synergy of high flame retardancy and controlled smoke release. Furthermore, the formation of stable P–O–C covalent bonds between TBMP and cellulose endowed the treated fabric with excellent washing durability, retaining effective flame retardant performance after 50 laundering cycles. Meanwhile, the coating exerted only a minor influence on the whiteness and physical properties of the fabric. This work provides a sustainable and efficient strategy for constructing multifunctional flame retardant systems for cotton textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109991"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiping Che , Donald Terry Greenfield , Min Wang , Binbin Zhang
{"title":"Superamphiphobic coating fabricated on 5083 aluminum alloy with integrated anti-corrosion and anti-icing functions","authors":"Chiping Che , Donald Terry Greenfield , Min Wang , Binbin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The failure of superhydrophobic materials in low-surface-tension liquid environments remains a critical challenge. In this paper, we fabricate a superamphiphobic coating through a facile spray-coating technique based on PVDF and fluorinated SiO<sub>2</sub> (F-SiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles. The coating exhibits contact angle (CA) greater than 150° and sliding angle (SA) below 5° for water, ethylene glycol, peanut oil, and hexadecane, demonstrating excellent repellency toward liquids with a wide range of surface tensions. Furthermore, the coating displays remarkable anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties, as liquids of various surface tensions can effectively remove solid contaminants from the surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and neutral salt spray tests confirm its superior anti-corrosion function. After 960 h of salt spray exposure, the surface retains its superhydrophobicity, although its superoleophobicity shows a slight decline. Investigations of icing behavior reveal that the superamphiphobic coating significantly delays water droplet freezing, which is primarily attributed to its effective suppression of nucleation and heat transfer rates. We believe the development of this multifunctional coating, integrating superhydrophobicity, superoleophobicity, self-cleaning, anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, and anti-icing properties, holds substantial application potential and broad prospects across numerous industrial fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109979"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}