Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Delineating anticipatory arousal from reward consumption: evaluating fixed-intervals in cocaine seeking-taking response chains.","authors":"Michael Z Leonard, Klaus A Miczek, Herbert E Covington Iii","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06711-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06711-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Anticipation is a critical antecedent to drug use, in which the prospect of imminent drug availability can potently motivate instrumental actions directed to procure it. Models that capture the behavioral dynamics that precede drug access may allow for the dissociation of key neural mechanisms underlying appetitive or consummatory processes in drug self-administration.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to isolate measurements attributed to the procurement and consumption of a reward by defining distinct actions for each using a chain-schedule of reinforcement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer cocaine or saccharin under a chained schedule of reinforcement (FI-FR) in order to dissociate appetitive ('seeking') from consummatory ('taking') behaviors. Completion of a fixed-interval (5 min) was followed by 5 min of continuously reinforced responding (FR1) on another lever.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FI-FR chain procedure appears to provide sensitive and dissociable dimensions of cocaine self-administration within a single experimental session. Importantly, we demonstrate that responding during the FI (i.e., seeking) link tracks with the incentive value of anticipated reward access - whereby response rates corresponded to expected reward magnitude, degree of reward-specific satiety, and general motivational state.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The FI component is a sensitive and reliable index of motivational changes induced by either the extrinsic incentive value of reinforcement (i.e., anticipated dose) or intrinsic motive states (i.e., satiety or deprivation). This procedure provides a valuable tool for interrogating the neural dynamics of drug-seeking and -taking behavior, in isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal examination of daily stress rhythms in chronic Cannabis users.","authors":"Nicholas C Glodosky, Michael J Cleveland, Reza Rahimi Azghan, Hassan Ghasemzadeh, Ryan J McLaughlin, Carrie Cuttler","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06709-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06709-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Chronic cannabis users frequently report stress relief as their primary reason for use. The endocannabinoid system is involved in the neuroendocrine stress response, and diurnal cortisol rhythms may be disrupted in chronic cannabis users.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives were to determine whether cannabis users demonstrate disruptions in diurnal stress rhythms and examine the acute effects of cannabis on stress-related outcomes in cannabis users' natural environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-two participants (39 cannabis users, 43 non-users) collected saliva samples to quantify cortisol concentrations and provided subjective stress ratings at 8 time points throughout the day. They wore a medical-grade wearable device for 24 h that recorded physiological indicators of stress (heart rate variability, electrodermal activity). Cannabis users collected additional saliva samples before and after cannabis use to examine acute effects of cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cannabis users exhibited significant dysregulations in diurnal cortisol rhythms, including a blunted cortisol awakening response, flattened diurnal cortisol slope, and elevated afternoon cortisol concentrations. There were no differences in diurnal heart rate variability or electrodermal activity except for elevated evening heart rate in cannabis users. Finally, there were significant decreases in cortisol, subjective stress, and electrodermal activity following acute cannabis use in cannabis users' natural environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results provide evidence of dysregulated diurnal cortisol rhythms in cannabis users that were related to later waking times and acute stress-relieving properties of cannabis use in naturalistic environments. Future research should examine the direction of the relationship between cannabis use and diurnal cortisol rhythms and potential implications for other psychological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of caffeine mouth rinsing on selective attention as a function of different caffeine concentrations and perceived taste intensity in recreationally active males at rest: a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial.","authors":"Cemile Balcı, Neşe Toktaş, Kemal Alparslan Erman, Abdurrahman Aktop, Ethem Kavukçu, Asuman Şahan","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06710-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06710-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>The effect of caffeine mouth rinsing (CAF-MR) on cognitive performance has not been thoroughly investigated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of CAF-MR on selective attention in relation to perceived taste intensity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 healthy and recreationally active male subjects were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Interventions included MR for 20 s at rest with three different caffeine solutions (0.24% [60 mg/25 mL], 0.6% [150 mg/25 mL], and 1.2% [300 mg/25 mL]), MR with 25 mL water (placebo), and no MR (control). Data on Victoria Stroop Test (VST) and the perceived taste intensity were recorded at five sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAF-MR-300 mg intervention significantly decreased completion time (from 62.93 ± 19.07 to 57.01 ± 16.74 s, p = 0.002 in Part D), while CAF-MR-150 mg intervention significantly decreased number of errors in Part D (7.00 ± 6.21 vs. 5.63 ± 5.76, p = 0.04) and Part C (8.77 ± 8.80 vs. 7.10 ± 7.11, p = 0.02). Perceived difficulty was significantly decreased both after CAF-MR with 150 mg (5.57 ± 1.65 vs. 4.77 ± 1.98, p = 0.006) and 300 mg (5.95 ± 1.77vs. 4.67 ± 1.96, p < 0.001). Perceived taste intensity for 300 mg of caffeine was negatively correlated with completion time (r: ranged, 0.37 to 0.46, p ranged, 0.045 to 0.009) after 300 mg, 150 mg (p ranged, 0.04 to 0.005) and placebo (p ranged 0.044 to 0.03) interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first to demonstrate that CAF-MR shows dose-dependent effects on selective attention in healthy recreational males, such as improved speed (for 300 mg caffeine), reduced error rate (for 150 mg caffeine) and decrease in perceived difficulty (for 150 and 300 mg caffeine).</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review.","authors":"Halford Warlick Iv, Darcy Tocci, Sukriti Prashar, Erick Boldt, Alena Khalil, Simran Arora, Thomas Matthews, Talha Wahid, Richard Fernandez, Dhiya Ram, Lexie Leon, Arisha Arain, Jose Rey, Kelley Davis","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06686-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06686-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) classifies attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a neurodevelopmental disorder that interferes with human functioning and development. As the clinical presentation of ADHD involves a deficiency in executive function, neurocognitive deficits involving distinctive neuropathological changes must be present for clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), specifically VMAT-2, plays a role in ADHD pathogenesis. In addition, experimental data show that the stimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate) are first-line treatments for the condition because of their extensive interaction with VMAT-2. The interactions of peptides, bupropion, and nutritional supplements with VMAT-2 receptors have been researched, but more evidence is needed to elucidate their pharmacodynamic properties. Therefore, this literature review evaluated the current pharmacological treatment modalities, peptides, and nutritional supplements for ADHD that target the VMAT-2 system.</p><p><strong>Methods, results, and conclusions: </strong>We obtained relevant studies from several platforms, including the National Center for Biotechnology, Clinical Key, Access Medicine, and PubMed. From the results of these studies, we observed that stimulants interact highly with the VMAT-2 transporter, with omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and bupropion exerting some modulatory activity on VMAT-2. These agents should be considered for the future treatment of ADHD, although clinical-level research involving human participants is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2191-2203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glia dysfunction in schizophrenia: evidence of possible therapeutic effects of nervonic acid in a preclinical model.","authors":"Xiaona Wang, Jiacheng Fu, Huiying Wang, Cong Liu, Yongping Zhang, Cai Song, Changhong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06632-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06632-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Neuroinflammation may inhibit oligodendrocyte and astrocyte differentiation, which causes demyelination and synaptic degeneration. The myelin component nervonic acid (NA) may improve demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study firstly explored relationships between glial cell dysfunction and demyelination or synaptic degeneration in schizophrenia patients, and secondly determined nervonic acid therapeutic effects in a preclinical schizophrenia model of mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma samples were collected from 18 male healthy controls and 18 male schizophrenic patients (diagnosed by DSM-V) at aged 18-55. Mouse brain samples were collected from a maternal immune activation (MIA) model of schizophrenia via injecting 5 mg/kg polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Male mouse offspring (age 2.5 months, n = 12) were treated by clozapine (15 mg/kg/day) or fed 0.5% NA for 6 weeks. Cytokine and dopamine (DA) concentrations, and glial phenotypes and myelin markers were measured in both human plasma and mouse brain samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patient plasma, increased proinflammatory cytokines were associated with reactive microglia (Iba-1) up-regulation, while decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines were related to microglia (CD206) downregulation. Decreased astrocyte marker (p11) concentrations were accompanied by reduced concentrations of oligodendrocyte and synaptic markers. However, NA and DA contents were increased. Compared with control mice, SZ-like behaviors appeared in MIA male mice. Changes in microglia and astrocytes markers, and cytokine concentrations in the frontal cortex were consistent with those observed in patients' plasma. Hippocampal oligodendrocyte and synaptic marker expression were also decreased. DA content and DA/metabolite (DAPOC) were increased in MIA mouse brains. Most of these changes were normalized by both clozapine and NA. Even though some NA effects were more pronounced than clozapine, only clozapine restored cytokine function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data suggest a possible therapeutic route for schizophrenia patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2271-2287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of vanilla flavor on nicotine taste, choice, intake, and seeking behaviors.","authors":"Deniz Bagdas, Andy Ma Zepei, Lilley Harris, Karina Minanov, Jaysen Lara Jimenez, Nii A Addy","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06630-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06630-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Flavors can alter the orosensory properties of tobacco products. Specifically, flavors can serve as an oral cue for smokeless tobacco products.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate the impact of oral vanillin, the principal chemical of vanilla flavor in tobacco products, on nicotine's taste, and nicotine choice, intake, and seeking behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experiments were performed in young adult Sprague Dawley rats. We employed a two-bottle free-choice test (2BC) to measure the preference for different concentrations of vanillin and its effect on nicotine preference. To explore the long-term effects of early exposure to sweetened vanillin, we utilized a combined 2BC and intraoral self-administration (IOSA) model. We assessed the nicotine taking and seeking behaviors in the presence or absence of vanillin. We performed a taste reactivity test (TRT) to quantify liking (ingestive) and disliking (aversive) taste responses to oral nicotine with or without vanillin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2BC, female rats preferred vanillin containing solutions more than their male counterparts. In IOSA, vanillin alone and in combination with nicotine led to greater IOSA compared to water. Female rats self-administered vanillin plus nicotine more than male rats. Vanillin increased motivation to nicotine taking, but only in females. In TRT, vanillin increased nicotine's ingestive responses but blocked aversive responses in both sexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that vanilla flavor can increase oral nicotine intake. It can also increase liking and decrease disliking of nicotine's taste. Furthermore, the impact of vanilla flavor on nicotine taste and nicotine choice, intake, and seeking behaviors is concentration and sex dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2241-2253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant reduces escalated cocaine self-administration in male and female rats.","authors":"Leandro F Vendruscolo, Janaina C M Vendruscolo, Kimberly E Whiting, Jane B Acri, Nora D Volkow, George F Koob","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06634-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06634-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a brain disorder for which there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological treatment. Evidence suggests that glutamate and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) play critical roles in synaptic plasticity, neuronal development, and psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the mGlu5 receptor is functionally involved in intravenous cocaine self-administration and assessed the effects of sex and cocaine exposure history.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a preclinical model of CUD in rats that were allowed long access (LgA; 6 h/day) or short access (ShA; 1 h/day) to intravenous cocaine (750 µg/kg/infusion [0.1 ml]) self-administration. Rats received acute intraperitoneal or oral administration of the mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both intraperitoneal and oral mavoglurant administration dose-dependently reduced intravenous cocaine self-administration in the first hour and in the entire 6 h session in rats in the LgA group, with no effect on locomotion. In the ShA group, mavoglurant decreased locomotion but had no effects on cocaine self-administration. We did not observe significant sex × treatment interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the mGlu5 receptor is involved in escalated cocaine self-administration. These findings support the development of clinical trials of mavoglurant to evaluate its potential therapeutic benefits for CUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2303-2313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scopoletin mitigates maternal separation-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in male mice through modulation of the Sirt1/NF-κB pathway.","authors":"Abdelrahim Alqudah, Esam Qnais, Omar Gammoh, Yousra Bseiso, Mohammed Wedyan, Mohammad Alqudah, Muna Oqal, Rawan Abudalo, Taher Hatahet","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06639-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06639-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Early-life maternal separation can lead to anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in mice reared under maternal separation conditions. Scopoletin, a compound with anti-inflammatory and antidepressant properties, may offer therapeutic benefits, but its effectiveness against behaviors induced by maternal separation during adulthood remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates scopoletin's efficacy in alleviating anxiety-like and depression-like phenotypes in male mice subjected to early-life maternal separation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6J mice experienced daily maternal separation for 4 h from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 21. From postnatal day 61(PND 61), scopoletin was administered intraperitoneally at 20 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Behavioral and biochemical assessments were conducted at postnatal day 95 (PND 95).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maternally separated mice displayed marked anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, evident in behavioral tests like the open field and elevated plus maze. These mice also showed increased immobility in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Biochemically, there were elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus, with a decrease in Sirt1 and upregulation in NF-κB p65 expression. Scopoletin treatment significantly mitigated these behavioral abnormalities, normalizing both anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. Correspondingly, it reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reinstated the expression of Sirt1 and NF-κB p65.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scopoletin effectively reverses the adverse behavioral and biochemical effects induced by early-life maternal separation in male mice, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for treating anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. Modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways and the Sirt1/NF-κB signaling axis is one possible mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2347-2362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in behavior, cognitive, and physiological recovery following methamphetamine administration.","authors":"Monserrat Armenta-Resendiz, Jordan S Carter, Zachariah Hunter, Makoto Taniguchi, Carmela M Reichel, Antonieta Lavin","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06638-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06638-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intact executive functions are required for proper performance of cognitive tasks and relies on balance of excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Hypofrontality is a state of decreased activity in the mPFC and is seen in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance use disorders. People who chronically use methamphetamine (meth) develop hypofrontality and concurrent changes in cognitive processing across several domains. Despite the fact that there are sex difference in substance use disorders, few studies have considered sex as a biological variable regarding meth-mediated hypoactivity in mPFC and concurrent cognitive deficits. Hypofrontality along with changes in cognition are emulated in rodent models following repeated meth administration. Here, we used a meth sensitization regimen to study sex differences in a Temporal Order Memory (TOM) task following short (7 days) or prolonged (28 days) periods of abstinence. GABAergic transmission, GABAA receptor (GABA_AR) and GABA Transporter (GAT) mRNA expression in the mPFC were evaluated with patch-clamp recordings and RT-qPCR, respectively. Both sexes sensitized to the locomotor activating effects of meth, with the effect persisting in females. After short abstinence, males and females had impaired TOM and increased GABAergic transmission. Female rats recovered from these changes after prolonged abstinence, whereas male rats showed enduring changes. In general, meth appears to elicit an overall decrease in GABA_AR expression after short abstinence; whereas GABA transporters are decreased in meth female rats after prolonged abstinence. These results show sex differences in the long-term effects of repeated meth exposure and suggest that females have neuroprotective mechanisms that alleviate some of the meth-mediated cognitive deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2331-2345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.","authors":"Lisa Jerome, Allison A Feduccia, Julie B Wang, Scott Hamilton, Berra Yazar-Klosinski, Amy Emerson, Michael C Mithoefer, Rick Doblin","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06665-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06665-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}