Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Involvement of the GABAergic and the serotonergic systems in the anxiolytic effects expressed by the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the male rat.","authors":"Maria Anastasia Parlantza, Nikolaos Pitsikas","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06759-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06759-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Anxiety is a chronic severe psychiatric disorder. In a series of studies, the implication of the gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO) in anxiety has been evidenced. Further, the outcome of preclinical research suggests that different NO donors, including sodium nitroprusside (SNP), have expressed an anxiolytic profile revealed in animal models of anxiety. Regardless of this, it is not yet clarified the mechanism(s) of action by which SNP induces its beneficial effects on anxiety. In this context, it has been hypothesized that these effects might be attributed to a potential interaction of this NO donor with the GABA type A and the 5-HT_1A serotonergic receptors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study was designed to investigate this issue in the male rat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To this end, the light/dark box and the open field tests were utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SNP (1 mg/kg, i.p.) applied acutely induced an anti-anxiety-like effect evidenced either in the light/dark box or in the open field test. Either the GABA_A receptor antagonist flumazenil (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or the 5-HT_1A serotonin receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed the above reported anxiolytic effects of SNP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results here reported propose a functional interaction between SNP with the GABAergic and the serotonergic systems on anxiety and thus, might offer a plausible explanation for SNP's anxiolytic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"793-801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value signals guiding choices for cannabis versus non-drug rewards in people who use cannabis near-daily.","authors":"Will Lawn, Xuejun Hao, Anna B Konova, Margaret Haney, Ziva D Cooper, Nicholas Van Dam, Paul Glimcher, Gillinder Bedi","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06746-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06746-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Despite the critical role of choice processes in substance use disorders, the neurobehavioral mechanisms guiding human decisions about drugs remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to characterize the neural encoding of subjective value (SV) for cannabis versus non-drug rewards (snacks) in people who use cannabis on a near-daily/daily frequency (PWUCF) and assessed the impact of cannabis and snack stimuli ('cues') on SV encoding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one non-treatment-seeking PWUCF (≥4 days/week; 1 female) participated in an inpatient, crossover experiment with four counterbalanced conditions: 1. neutral cues/cannabis choices; 2. cannabis cues/cannabis choices; 3. neutral cues/snack choices; and 4. snack cues/snack choices. In each condition, participants were exposed to cues before an fMRI scan during which they repeatedly chose between 0-6 cannabis puffs/snacks and a set monetary amount, with randomly-selected choices implemented. The SV signal was operationalized as the neural correlates of the strength of preference for cannabis/snack choices. fMRI data were analyzed for twenty participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite equivalent choice behavior, SV signals for cannabis, but not snacks, were observed in regions known to encode SV for various rewards (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, vmPFC; ventral striatum; dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, dPCC). SV encoding in vmPFC was stronger for cannabis than snacks. In the dPCC, the impact of cues on SV signals was moderated by reward type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PWUCF had expected neural value encoding for cannabis but disrupted non-drug SV encoding, despite equivalent choice behavior. This provides tentative support for theories that highlight dysregulated neural valuation of non-drug rewards as a hallmark of problematic cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"681-691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeking under threat of adversity: assessing control over reward pursuit in rats.","authors":"Sofie van Koppen, A Maryse Minnaard, Johanna A S Smeets, Iulia Buzatouiu, Geert M J Ramakers, Roger A H Adan, Louk J M J Vanderschuren, Heidi M B Lesscher","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06729-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06729-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disorder that is characterised by loss of control over substance use. A variety of rodent models employing punishment setups have been developed to assess loss of control over substance use, i.e. persistent substance use despite negative consequences, to facilitate the translation of findings from animal studies to the human situation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Since the negative consequences of addictive behaviour are typically unpredictable, we here present the Seeking under Threat of Adversity (STA) task in rats, that incorporates cued, probabilistic and response-contingent punishment of reward seeking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male rats were trained to lever press for sucrose, alcohol or cocaine and were subsequently tested in the STA task. In this task, a tone cue is presented during reward seeking which functions as a warning signal, since responding during tone presentation results in a probabilistic foot shock punishment. We first determined the optimal shock intensity to induce a moderate suppression of seeking. Next, we assessed the stability of punished reward seeking over repeated tests. Finally, we compared the development of loss of control over substance seeking for sucrose, alcohol and cocaine. (Loss of) control over substance seeking would be evident as the (in)ability to refrain from lever pressing to obtain a reward, despite the threat of a negative outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parametric experiments revealed suppression of responding for both sucrose and alcohol in the STA task at shock intensities between 0.25 and 0.35 mA. The suppression of responding was stable with repeated testing. Furthermore, less control over alcohol and cocaine seeking, when compared to sucrose seeking, was observed in male rats using the STA task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The STA task is a novel behavioural task that includes two important aspects of human substance use despite negative consequences, i.e. response contingency and unpredictability of adversity. Combined with other behavioural tasks and neural manipulations, the STA task can further our understanding of the psychopathology of substance use disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"803-816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive and therapeutic impact of probiotic supplementation on behavior and inflammatory responses in the PTZ-induced chemical kindling in rats.","authors":"Saeed Tahmasebi, Samad Farashi Bonab, Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Solat Eslami","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06760-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06760-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affects the quality of life globally. Its pathophysiology involves disruptions in ion transport, excitatory-inhibitory imbalances, and regulatory systems. It has been shown that there is a crosstalk between the brain and the gut, where the brain influences the digestive system and the gut can affect brain functions and behavior. This study postulates that probiotic supplementation has both preventive and therapeutic impacts on epilepsy through modulation of inflammatory responses and improvement of brain function.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Male rats were gavaged with three probiotic strains (Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium lactis) daily for 28 days (10^9 CFU/mL) before inducing epilepsy with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injections (37.5 mg/kg every 48 h for 14 injections). Probiotic supplements were continued during disease induction. The effects of probiotics on seizure behavior, histopathology, and pro-inflammatory gene expression were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Probiotic consumption significantly reduced seizure severity, with evident effects from the fourth injection onwards (days 8-28). It delayed the onset of stage 2 and 5 seizures during kindling but had no major effect on stage 5 stability time. Histopathological analysis revealed amelioration of neuronal injury. Besides, there was a significant decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (Il-1β, Il-6, Ifng) and an increase in the expression of the anti-inflammatory Il-10 in the probiotic-treated model group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotics may have both preventive and therapeutic effects on PTZ-induced seizures through reduction of severity of seizures and modulating inflammatory responses. Additional studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms, as treatment was given before and during kindling.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"783-792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"D₁ dopamine / mu opioid receptor interactions in operant conditioning assays of pain-depressed responding and drug-induced rate suppression, and a conditioned place preference procedure: assessment of therapeutic index in male Sprague Dawley rats.","authors":"Hannah LaCourse, Lily Bennett, April Falstad, Francesca Asmus, Meghan Smith, Ravin Davis, Kylee Harrington, Denise Giuvelis, Tamara King, Glenn W Stevenson","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06743-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06743-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale and objectives: </strong>In vivo receptor interactions vary as a function of behavioral endpoint, with key differences between reflexive and non-reflexive measures that assess the motivational aspects of pain and pain relief. There have been no assessments of D₁ dopamine agonist / mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist interactions in non-reflexive behavioral measures of pain. We examined the hypothesis that D₁/MOR mixtures show enhanced effectiveness in blocking pain depressed behaviors while showing decreased side effects such as sedation and drug reward.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SKF82958 and methadone were used as selective/high efficacy D₁ and mu agonists, respectively. An FR10 operant schedule was utilized in the presence and absence of a lactic acid inflammatory pain-like manipulation, to measure antinociceptive and operant-rate-suppressing effects, respectively. Rewarding properties of the drug combinations were determined using a conditioned place preference procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Methadone alone, but not SKF82958 alone, produced dose-dependent restoration of pain-depressed responding. Both SKF82958 and methadone produced dose-dependent response rate suppression. Three fixed proportion mixtures, based on the relative potencies of the drugs in the rate suppression assay, produced dose-dependent antinociception and sedation. Isobolographic analysis indicated that the 0.17:1 mixture produced supra-additive antinociception and additive sedation. The 0.055:1 mixture produced additive antinociception with sub-additive sedation, and the 0.018:1 mixture had the highest therapeutic index (TI) relative to other mixtures and drugs alone. The antinociceptive doses and component doses for the 0.018:1 mixture did not produce conditioned place preference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that D₁-selective dopamine agonists may have utility as candidate opioid-sparing analgesics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"751-762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion perception and online awareness following alcohol-intoxication: investigating possible deficits using the complex audio visual emotion assessment task.","authors":"Holly Emery, Daniel V Zuj, Matthew A Palmer, Cynthia A Honan","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06725-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06725-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Alcohol-intoxication is implicated in negative social behaviours, however the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Impaired emotion perception following alcohol consumption may partially account for this link, however limited methodology in prior studies undermines the efficacy of this explanation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study investigated the effect of acute moderate-dose alcohol-intoxication on basic and compound emotion perception abilities using contextualised video vignettes. Self-appraisals of performance accuracy were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-eight participants consumed a beverage containing either (a) an alcohol dose calculated to achieve a BrAC of 0.08%, or (b) a placebo. The Complex Audio-Visual Emotion Assessment Task (CAVEAT) was used to assess emotion perception ability. Anticipatory performance accuracy and emergent confidence judgements were made on the CAVEAT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant between-group differences on emotion perception ability and emergent confidence judgements. However, anticipatory performance accuracy was more aligned to actual performance in the alcohol intoxication group compared to the placebo group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these results suggest that (1) deficits in perception of facial emotional expressions following alcohol intoxication may not be as pronounced as originally suspected; and (2) the questioning of performance accuracy may prompt intoxicated individuals to anticipate poorer emotion perception performance, which may lead to better monitoring of-and improvements in-task performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"703-716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cannabis smoke and oral Δ9THC on cognition in young adult and aged rats.","authors":"Sabrina Zequeira, Emely A Gazarov, Alara A Güvenli, Erin C Berthold, Alexandria S Senetra, Marcelo Febo, Takato Hiranita, Lance R McMahon, Abhisheak Sharma, Christopher R McCurdy, Barry Setlow, Jennifer L Bizon","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06754-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06754-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>With increasing legalization of recreational and medical cannabis, use of this drug is growing rapidly among older adults. As cannabis can impair cognition in young adults, it is critically important to understand how its consumption interacts with the cognitive profile of aged subjects, who are already at increased risk of decline.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study was designed to determine how cannabis influences multiple forms of cognition in young adult and aged rats of both sexes when delivered via two translationally-relevant routes of administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were exposed acutely to cannabis smoke or chronically to oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9THC), followed by cognitive testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acute cannabis smoke enhanced prefrontal cortex-dependent working memory accuracy in aged males, but impaired accuracy in aged females, while having no effects in young adults of either sex. In contrast, the same cannabis smoke regimen had minimal effects on a hippocampus-dependent trial-unique non-matching to location mnemonic task, irrespective of age or sex. Chronic oral consumption of Δ9THC enhanced working memory in aged rats of both sexes, while having no effects in young adults. In contrast, the same Δ9THC regimen did not affect spatial learning and memory in either age group. Minimal age differences were observed in Δ9THC pharmacokinetics with either route of administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results show that cannabis and Δ9THC can attenuate working memory impairments that emerge in aging. While these enhancing effects do not extend to hippocampus-dependent cognition, cannabis does not appear to exacerbate age-associated impairments in this cognitive domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"835-853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced sensitivity to cocaine effects and changes in mesocorticolimbic dopamine receptors in adolescent sexually active female rats.","authors":"Daniella Agrati, Gabriella Marin, Lucía Rehermann, Natalia Uriarte, Marta C Antonelli, Gabriela Bedó","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06741-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06741-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>The sexual behavior of the female rat is highly motivated, and the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system -involved in psychostimulants effects- has been implicated in its regulation. Female rats begin to express sexual behavior during adolescence, a period during which this system is not yet mature.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the impact of cocaine on sexual motivation and behavior of adolescent and adult female rats, and to determine the dopamine receptors binding in mesocorticolimbic areas of these females.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effect of acute administration of cocaine (0.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on the male´s incentive value for females and on their sexual behavior in late adolescent (45-55 days old) and adult (100-120 days old) rats was assessed during late proestrus. The binding of D1-like and D2-like receptors in the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adolescent and adult rats were determined by autoradiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cocaine did not affect females´ preference for the male. However, 10 mg/kg of cocaine reduced the expression of sexual motivated responses and 20 mg/kg also diminished sexual receptivity exclusively in adult subjects. Moreover, cocaine-induced a more pronounced hyper-locomotion in adult than in late adolescent rats. Late adolescent females exhibited higher dopamine receptors binding in the mPFC and reduced D2-like receptors binding in the Nucleus Accumbens shell when compared to adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Late adolescent females are less sensitive than adults to the detrimental effects of cocaine on sexual behavior and locomotion. This phenomenon is accompanied by variation in dopamine receptors in mesocorticolimbic areas affected by this psychostimulant.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"817-834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142897012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderating factors in psilocybin-assisted treatment affecting mood and personality: A naturalistic, open-label investigation.","authors":"Mona Irrmischer, Drew Puxty, Barış Onur Yıldırım, Jan Berend Deijen, Hessel Engelbregt","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06733-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06733-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Psychedelic-assisted therapy is increasingly applied within mental health treatment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study focused on factors moderating changes in the acute and long-term effects of an individual psilocybin-assisted program on depression, anxiety, PTSD and personality structures by including demographic factors, subjective experience and degree of mystical type experiences during the dosing, as well as emotional breakthrough and personal growth after the program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At baseline, 1 week and 3 months after the psilocybin program participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3). In addition, after the dosing the Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ-30), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Emotional Breakthrough Inventory (EBI) were administered. Moderation effects were established using linear mixed-model analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A single high dose of psilocybin in combination with therapy was found to lower symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD and neuroticism over a period of 3-months. Scores on openness and conscientiousness increased after the treatment only. Participants reported mystical type experiences, emotional breakthrough and personal growth. These subjective experiences together with demographic factors were moderating the observed positive changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that individual psilocybin-assisted therapy has the potential for beneficial effects on mood and personality characteristics. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of subjective experiences and demographic factors in moderating this effect. This study adds to the ongoing research on psilocybin-assisted therapy by investigating contributing factors for optimizing this evolving type of therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"725-740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutathione alterations in depression: a meta-analysis and systematic review of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.","authors":"Charles J M Bell, Mitul Mehta, Luwaiza Mirza, Allan H Young, Katherine Beck","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06735-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06735-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and serious psychiatric disorder associated with significant morbidity. There is mounting evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of depression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate alterations in the brain antioxidant glutathione in depression by undertaking a meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, EMBASE and Psych Info databases were searched for case-control studies that reported brain glutathione levels in patients with depression and healthy controls. Means and variances (SDS) were extracted for each measure to calculate effect sizes. Hedges g was used to quantify mean differences. The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>8 studies that reported measurements for 230 patients with depression and 216 controls were included. Three studies included data for the occipital cortex and five studies for the medial frontal cortex. In the occipital cortex, GSH was lower in the patient group as compared to controls (g = -0.98, 95% [CI, -1.45--0.50], P = < 0.001). In both the medial frontal cortex and in the combined all areas analysis there was no significant difference in GSH levels between cases and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found reduced levels of GSH specifically in the occipital region of patients with MDD. This provides some support for the role of oxidative stress in depression and suggests that targeting this system may provide future therapeutic opportunities. However, the meta-analysis was limited by the small number and quality of the included studies. More studies using high quality MRS methods in a variety of brain regions are needed in the future to test this putative hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"717-724"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}