Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on peripheral endocannabinoid concentrations: a study in healthy adults.","authors":"Ana Deutsch, Connor J Haggarty, Gavin N Petrie, Matthew N Hill, Anya K Bershad, Harriet de Wit, Leah M Mayo","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06888-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-025-06888-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine (MA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) can impact neurobiological systems implicated in stress, reward processing, and drug use. Although recent preclinical evidence implicates the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in these processes, little is known about the acute effects of stimulants on eCB levels in humans.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of the prototypical psychostimulant MA and the psychostimulant-empathogen MDMA on circulating eCB levels in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a within-subject, double-blind design, this study assessed the acute effects of MA (20 mg), MDMA (100 mg), and placebo on plasma eCB levels in healthy human participants (N = 22) during three separate sessions. Blood samples assessing concentrations of the eCBs anandamide (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) were collected between 150- and 180-minutes post-drug administration, and subjective measures of drug effects were collected at regular intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MA, but not MDMA, was associated with significantly lower 2-AG plasma concentrations compared to placebo. Neither drug impacted AEA concentrations. However, during the placebo condition, higher AEA concentrations were correlated with disliking the 'drug effects', suggesting a possible relationship between AEA levels and negative expectations of subjective drug effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide novel insights into how stimulant drugs act on the eCB system and may help to develop treatments for SUDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of low-dose ketamine and (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine on affective behaviors associated with protracted oxycodone withdrawal.","authors":"Michael J Lehane, Gregory C Sartor","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06924-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-025-06924-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>In subjects with opioid use disorder (OUD), affective symptoms persist long after opioid cessation and contribute to poor treatment outcomes. (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine (HNK), a ketamine metabolite, has emerged as promising rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressants, but its potential to reduce affective symptoms during protracted oxycodone withdrawal and the mechanism of action remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of (2R,6R)-HNK and ketamine on affective-like behaviors during oxycodone withdrawal and evaluate the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female C57BL/6 N mice were injected with saline or escalating dose of oxycodone for eight consecutive days followed by 30 days of protracted withdrawal. On withdrawal day 1 or 29, mice were treated with saline, (2R,6R)-HNK (10 mg/kg), s.c.), or ketamine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) prior to the social interaction, sucrose preference, or tail suspension test on withdrawal day 30. Additionally, to determine if AMPA receptor signaling was necessary for the treatment effect, NBQX (AMPA receptor antagonist) was administered prior to (2R,6R)-HNK or ketamine in a different cohort of mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both (2R,6R)-HNK and ketamine reversed oxycodone-induced deficits to a similar degree in all behavior tests when administered on withdrawal day 1, and pre-treatment with NBQX attenuated this effect in the tail suspension test but not the social interaction or sucrose preference tests. When ketamine or (2R,6R)-HNK was administered on withdrawal day 29, both treatments alleviated deficits in the tail suspension test but lacked effects in other behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of (2R,6R)-HNK and ketamine in alleviating affective symptoms of oxycodone withdrawal.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelic-like effects induced by 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in male and female C57BL/6J mice.","authors":"Shelby A McGriff, Jacquelin C Hecker, Alexander D Maitland, John S Partilla, Michael H Baumann, Grant C Glatfelter","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06795-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06795-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>The head twitch response (HTR) is a spontaneously occurring behavior in mice that is increased in frequency by serotonergic psychedelics. The mouse HTR is often used as a proxy for psychedelic-like drug effects, but limited information is available about sex differences in HTRs evoked by various classes of psychedelics (i.e., phenethylamines, lysergamides, tryptamines).</p><p><strong>Objective and methods: </strong>To examine potential sex differences in responsiveness to structurally-distinct psychedelics, acute effects of subcutaneous 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine (DOI, 0.03-10 mg/kg), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, 0.003-1 mg/kg), and 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin, 0.03-10 mg/kg) on HTRs were compared in male and female C57BL/6J mice. For comparison, effects of the drugs on locomotor activity and body temperature were also determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drug potencies for inducing HTRs were similar in males and females for all drugs, with only LSD exhibiting detectable differences due to increased maximal counts in females. Importantly, the maximum number of HTRs observed for all drugs was higher in females, with significant differences between sexes for DOI and LSD. Dose x sex interactions for the dose-response data were statistically significant for psilocybin and LSD, with females displaying more HTRs after the highest or peak doses of all drugs. The acute effects of drugs on locomotion and temperature varied by drug, but were similar in both sexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present results overall show no substantial sex differences in the potencies to induce HTRs for DOI, LSD, and psilocybin in C57BL/6J mice. However, females uniformly displayed more HTRs at high doses administered across chemotypes. The results further suggest that commonly used doses of psychedelics induce comparable psychedelic-like effects in male and female C57BL/6J mice, but modest differences may emerge at high doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2249-2260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incremental efficacy systematic review and meta-analysis of psilocybin-for-depression RCTs.","authors":"Nicholas C Borgogna, Tyler Owen, Dan Petrovitch, Jacob Vaughn, David A L Johnson, Louis A Pagano, Stephen L Aita, Benjamin D Hill","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06788-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06788-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Psilocybin is a potentially paradigm-shifting depression intervention. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of psilocybin-for-depression randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Systematically assess harm reporting, risk of bias, action mechanism specification, and incremental therapeutic effect sizes in the psilocybin-for-depression RCT literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Assessed databases included PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. Search terms \"Psilocybin\" or \"Psychedelic\" were paired with \"Depression\", and \"Randomized Controlled Trial\" or \"RCT\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified k = 9 RCTs (k = 10 subgroups) involving n = 602 participants (56% psilocybin). Five studies had low/very low harm quality reporting, opposed to two with high. Most studies demonstrated a high risk of bias. Therapeutic mechanisms of action (MoAs) were discussed in varying detail but rarely assessed in original publications. Psilocybin was moderately superior to controls at reducing depression (g = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.27, 0.98). Effects were heterogenous (τ = .47). Smaller studies evidenced stronger effects that favored psilocybin (Egger's b0 = 3.63, p = .014). Almost all studies documented financial conflicts of interests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psilocybin demonstrates significant depression reduction relative to controls. However, researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders should consider several contextual factors. Effects were moderate and attenuated in larger and better-controlled studies. Harms reporting and risk of bias was high, though partly driven by unique challenges of psilocybin research. MoAs were variably specified but rarely assessed; suggesting it is unclear how depression is reduced. We advise researchers conduct RCTs with active control conditions, larger samples, and include MoA assessments. Independent RCTs from researchers without financial conflicts of interest are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2139-2157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low to moderate doses of 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) produce analgesic effects in healthy volunteers: a proof of principle study with a designer drug.","authors":"Johannes G Ramaekers, Johannes T Reckweg, Natasha L Mason, Kim Pc Kuypers, Stefan W Toennes, Eef L Theunissen","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06798-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06798-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) is a synthetic cathinone that has been scheduled in many jurisdictions after it appeared on the consumer market as a designer drug or \"legal high\". At present, there are no medical applications for synthetic cathinones, but in the past cathinone and other compounds that are structurally related to amphetamine have been evaluated and recognized for their intrinsic analgesic quality. The present study aimed to assess the analgesic effects of low to moderate doses (25, 50 and 100 mg) of 3-MMC in healthy volunteers (N = 14) in a cross-over, placebo-controlled study. Participants were repeatedly exposed to experimental pain for up to 5 h after dosing in pressure pain threshold (PPT) and cold pressor test (CPT) paradigms. A profile of mood states questionnaire was used to assess the subjective effects of 3-MMC. Overall, 3-MMC produced dose-related elevations in pressure pain threshold and reduced subjective painfulness and unpleasantness in both experimental pain models. The analgesic effects of 3-MMC were most prominent after the 50 and 100 mg dose and persisted consistently for up to 5 h after dosing. 3-MMC also produced dose-related increments in mood that were prominent at 1 h, but not at 5 h after dosing. It is concluded that 3-MMC produces prolonged analgesic effects at doses that appear low enough to avoid a challenging subjective experience and that have been associated with a benign side effect profile. The present data warrant further research into the analgesic effects of low to moderate doses of 3-MMC in patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2293-2301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing change: impermanence acceptance mediates differences in death processing between long-term ayahuasca users and non-users.","authors":"Jonathan David, Aviva Berkovich-Ohana, Yair Dor-Ziderman","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06792-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06792-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>The human psyche's interaction with death fundamentally shapes cognition, emotions, and behavior in both individuals and society. Death-related psychological phenomena have been shown to be influenced by psychedelic interventions. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive assessment of death-related processes in non-clinical settings, the mechanisms underlying long-term changes, and particularly the effects of ayahuasca on these dimensions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This cross-sectional study investigates death processing, potential mechanisms of change, and their predictors in ayahuasca veterans (N = 54) compared to non-users (N = 53).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A battery of questionnaires and behavioral assessments were used to evaluate different aspects of death processing in both ayahuasca veterans and non-users. These assessments measured death fear and anxiety, death-acceptance, death-avoidant behaviors, and the accessibility of death-related thoughts. Mediators tested included personality traits, beliefs about the afterlife, trait mindfulness, and the concept of impermanence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated lower levels of death anxiety, avoidant behavior, and fear of death, as well as greater death acceptance in ayahuasca veterans. Mediation analyses revealed that group differences were not due to demographics, personality, trait mindfulness, ontological beliefs, or impermanence awareness, but rather to impermanence acceptance. Finally, within the ayahuasca group, lifetime ego dissolution experiences predicted the degree of impermanence acceptance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reveal significant, multi-dimensional differences in death processing between ayahuasca and non-psychedelic users. Impermanence acceptance emerged as the key mechanism of change. Additionally, the results highlight the role of acute ayahuasca experiences in producing lasting effects. Future interventions may focus on promoting impermanence acceptance as a strategy for managing existential fear.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2201-2218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The orexin/hypocretin system in dementia-related neurological disorders: a double-edged sword in cognitive impairment.","authors":"Chenyu Zhuang, Yuhan Cao, Jiayu Lu, Yifan Zhou, Yanqing Liu, Yan Li","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06839-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06839-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>The orexin (OX) system plays a crucial role in regulating cognitive functions. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated in several dementia-related neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to synthesize current research on the involvement of the OX system in dementia-related neurological diseases, focusing on its effects on cognitive function and its potential as a therapeutic target.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The OX system, encompassing hypothalamic neuropeptides and receptors (OX1R and OX2R), exhibits dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia. Changes in OX concentrations strongly correlate with cognitive decline, and this correlation varies with disease progression. OX regulates essential molecular mechanisms, including neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, neural network integrity, and circadian rhythm stability-processes impaired as cognitive deficits intensify. These findings emphasize OX's critical and context-dependent role in cellular resilience and cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OX system emerges as a multifaceted therapeutic target for dementia-related cognitive impairment. Its effects vary across disease stages, initially offering neuroprotection but later contributing to pathology. Moreover, OX's involvement in circadian rhythm regulation complicates its clinical utility, as disruptions exacerbate cognitive deficits. These opposing functions highlight the need for tailored, stage-specific interventions to maximize cognitive benefits while minimizing adverse signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2161-2179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on Zabik et al. (2024): timing and dosage effects of THC in fear extinction: challenges and feasibility in a clinical setting.","authors":"Ellen Barner, Alex Corbett, Luke J Ney","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06829-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06829-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2349-2351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent outcomes of delta 9 - tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in adolescence on mesocortical dopamine and cognitive development in male and female mice.","authors":"Tanya Capolicchio, Giovanni Hernandez, Sammy Shun Wai Shi, Emilie Dube, Katherina Estrada, Michel Giroux, Brian J Nieman, Zdenka Pausova, Cecilia Flores","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06791-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06791-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing exposure to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in youth sparks concerns about disruption of ongoing neurodevelopment. During adolescence, dopamine axons continue to grow from the striatum to the prefrontal cortex, promoting the refinement of inhibitory control. This process is coordinated by the Netrin-1 receptor, DCC, which is regulated by microRNA miR-218. In addition, microglial actions significantly influence adolescent cortical refinement. Here, we show that THC in adolescent mice has sex-specific effects on dopamine innervation in the adult prefrontal cortex. While females show no changes, in males, THC leads to a reduction in the volume occupied by dopamine axons in the medial prefrontal cortex and a decrease in the density of their presynaptic sites. However, it increases dopamine innervation in the orbitofrontal cortex. Assessment of the effects of THC in adolescence on impulse control in adulthood, using the Go-No/Go task, revealed male-specific alterations - THC increased premature responding but reduced the number of commission errors. Molecular analysis showed that, one week after adolescent THC, males display increased Dcc and decreased miR-218 levels. In contrast, females exhibit decreased Dcc levels without changes in miR-218. Furthermore, in the medial prefrontal cortex, females show smaller microglia soma size, potentially mitigating the impact of decreased Dcc on dopamine development. These findings suggest that in adolescent males, THC dysregulates the miR-218/DCC pathway, prompting mistargeting of dopamine axons and diverting their growth from medial to orbitofrontal regions. This work highlights the sex-specific impact of adolescent THC on dopamine and impulse control development and uncovers potential divergent molecular and epigenetic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2181-2199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelics and autobiographical memory - six open questions.","authors":"Samuli Kangaslampi, Morten Lietz","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06771-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-025-06771-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Since the earliest LSD research, psychedelics have been claimed to enhance autobiographical memory. Revisiting and processing autobiographical memories has further been suggested to be a major component of the therapeutic action of psychedelics. However, modern psychedelic research has largely neglected autobiographical elements of psychedelic experiences, and many vital questions remain unanswered.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We present and discuss six open questions related to psychedelics and autobiographical memory: (1) Do psychedelics enhance autobiographical recall? (2) Is recall and processing of significant autobiographical (e.g., traumatic) memories a common part of psychedelic experiences? (3) Do psychedelics promote the development of false or inaccurate memories? (4) How do autobiographical memories change if they are recalled and reconsolidated under the effects of psychedelics? (5) What are memories of psychedelic experiences like? (6) Are autobiographical experiences under psychedelics of particular importance for their therapeutic effects?</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present the background and current limited state of evidence for each question and provide suggestions on how future studies could best address them.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Besides advancing basic research, answering these pressing questions is highly relevant for the possible therapeutic use of psychedelics, both in terms of developing and optimizing new interventions and for avoiding iatrogenic harms. Ideally, future psychedelic-assisted interventions could harness the possible synergies between the effects of psychedelics and existing memory-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2341-2348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}