Przeglad epidemiologiczny最新文献

{"title":"Antibiotic misuse in the dental profession in India: A silent health emergency.","authors":"Ridhi Aggarwal, Amit Aggarwal, Gurminder Singh, Anurag Aggarwal, Nitin Kaushal, Ramandeep Singh Gambhir","doi":"10.32394/pe/217857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe/217857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of antibiotics by health care professionals has benefitted mankind to a great extent in achieving adequate control of infections. However, there has been a tremendous rise in the use of antibiotics among medical and dental professionals during the last 10-15years which has given rise to a serious global problem of antibiotic resistance (AMR). There is a significant problem of antibiotic misuse by dental professionals in India, with antibiotics being prescribed inappropriately for clinical and non-clinical reasons. There are no dedicated antibiotic prescribing guidelines for dental practitioners in key Indian policy documents. Despite, many studies reporting inappropriate use of antibiotics by dentists, the full extent of this problem is still unknown and reasons for such prescription patterns are unclear and need further investigation. The present paper attempts to provide the most recent information regarding antibiotic misuse by dentists in India and recommends appropriate measures to combat this public health threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"80 1","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination coverage in Polish solid organ transplant recipients.","authors":"Natalia Mikołajczyk-Korniak, Mariusz Niemczyk","doi":"10.32394/pe/220320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe/220320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Being a solid organ transplant recipient is associated with increased risk for infections. Vaccinations are considered potent preventive procedures against numerous infections.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The subject of our study was to assess the vaccination coverage in solid organ transplant recipients remaining under the long-term post-transplant care at the largest Polish transplant center.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A questionnaire on realization of vaccinations included in the operative Polish Vaccination Programme was completed by adult recipients of solid organ transplantation during routine outpatient visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred ten patients were included. In 18% of patients, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has never been performed, and booster doses of the vaccine received 47% of patients. 15% of patients reported annual vaccination againts influenza, 30% has been vaccinated against influenza less often than anually, and in 55% vaccination against influenza has never been performed. In 7% of patients, vaccination against diphteria, tetanus and pertussis has been done within recent 10 years. 1 patient (1%) reported vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae. No patient reported vaccinations against <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>, <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>, zoster, or RSV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show that solid organ transplant recipients are undervaccinated. Urgent actions are needed to improve the current state.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"80 1","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensorineural hearing loss in 29-year-old male with cerebral toxoplasmosis and HIV infection: A case report.","authors":"Stanisław Królak, Mikołaj Filipiak, Kacper Andruszkiewicz, Radosław Siemionek, Iwona Mozer-Lisewska","doi":"10.32394/pe/220321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe/220321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis represents one of the most common opportunistic complications in patients with advanced HIV/AIDS infection. A wide range of neurological symptoms may contribute to the clinical presentation of the disease. This paper reports the case of a 29-year-old man with untreated HIV infection, in whom neurotoxoplasmosis led to rapidly progressive, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and severe disability. Appropriate neuroimaging diagnostics enabled the initiation of effective treatment; however, neurological sequelae, including hearing impairment, persisted. To the best of our knowledge, this type of complication has not been previously described in patients living with HIV and CNS toxoplasmosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"80 1","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unwanted tenants: Does the introduction of a preventive deworming program in Poland make sense?","authors":"Mateusz Gumienny, Nikodem Świderski","doi":"10.32394/pe/217293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe/217293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article analyzes the status of parasitic infections in Poland, with a focus on pinworm, roundworm, and giardiasis. It highlights gaps in disease monitoring following legal changes in 2008 that eliminated reporting requirements for many parasitic diseases. The last reliable epidemiological data (from 2008) show an 18% increase in roundworm cases and a 21% rise in pinworm infections, alongside a decline in trichinellosis and toxoplasmosis. The authors emphasize the nonspecific symptoms of these infections, such as sleep disturbances, abdominal pain, asthma-like signs, and allergic reactions, which complicate diagnosis. The mechanisms of antiparasitic drugs (benzimidazoles, pyrantel, nitroimidazoles), their adverse effects (including autoimmune risks in children), and the growing problem of parasite resistance are discussed in detail. The article compares the effectiveness of mass deworming programs in developing countries with the situation in Poland, where better sanitation and the lack of up-to-date epidemiological data make such interventions potentially harmful. Instead of blanket prophylaxis, the authors recommend individualized therapy, strengthened epidemiological surveillance, and health education, particularly targeting children and their caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"80 1","pages":"23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet and climate change.","authors":"Bartłomiej Palmowski, Wiktoria Ficoń, Maksymilian Dobosz, Beata Całyniuk","doi":"10.32394/pe/216730","DOIUrl":"10.32394/pe/216730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet plays a significant role in shaping climate change, as food production accounts for a large proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Animal farming, particularly beef farming, generates a high carbon and water footprint, requiring large amounts of feed, energy, and water. In contrast, a diet based on plant-based products - such as vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains - is much less burdensome on the environment. In response to these challenges, experts from EAT-Lancet have proposed a so-called planetary diet that combines health and climate goals. It involves reducing meat and sugar consumption by half and increasing the share of plant-based products in the daily menu. The latest available literature in this field was analyzed and a standard diet was compared with a planetary diet in order to estimate the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from changes in dietary patterns. Climate change undoubtedly affects food production, availability, nutritional quality, and microbiological safety. Rising temperatures, irregular rainfall, and extreme weather events lead to reduced yields and contribute to more frequent malnutrition among humans. An integrated approach to food and climate policy is needed, based on sound scientific evidence, supporting both human health and the ecological stability of the planet.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"79 4","pages":"557-567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonellosis in Poland in 2023.","authors":"Małgorzata Milczarek-Lisicka, Mirosław Piotr Czarkowski, Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys","doi":"10.32394/pe/218175","DOIUrl":"10.32394/pe/218175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonellosis is a foodborne bacterial disease caused by Salmonella spp. (excluding S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi) and remains a significant public health concern in Poland and worldwide. According to the CDC, the true burden of infection may be substantially underestimated. In 2023, the epidemiological situation in Poland returned to pre-COVID-19 levels, reaching some of the highest values observed in recent years.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this article is to present and compare the epidemiological situation of salmonellosis in Poland in 2023 with that observed in previous years.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The analysis was based on individual case data on salmonellosis, data on foodborne disease outbreaks reported to the EpiBaza and ROE systems, bulletins and articles published by the National Institute of Public Health NIH NIPH - PIB, scientific publications, data from the ECDC website, and data from the Central Statistical Office (GUS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, 10,348 cases of salmonellosis were reported in Poland, with an incidence rate of 27.4 per 100,000 population; 61.7% of cases required hospitalization. The predominant serotype was Salmonella Enteritidis (71%). A total of 1,220 foodborne outbreaks were recorded, including 396 salmonellosis outbreaks, with 147 imported cases. Nineteen deaths due to Salmonella infection were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In 2023, Poland accounted for 13% of all reported salmonellosis cases in the EU, with an incidence rate higher than the EU average and comparable to pre-COVID-19 levels. The proportion of imported infections remained low, with Turkey most frequently identified as the country of origin in both Poland and the EU. Monitoring imported cases is important due to the risk of introducing rarely isolated serotypes. Notably, an outbreak caused by the rare serotype Salmonella Agama, affecting over 30 individuals, was identified against the background of dominant Salmonella Enteritidis infections in Poland.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"79 4","pages":"699-715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an HIV case definition using insurance claims data in Poland: A step toward complementing national surveillance with National Health Fund data.","authors":"Anna Smaga, Anna Tymicka, Marta Niedźwiedzka-Stadnik, Bartosz Napiórkowski, Tomasz Stachurski, Magdalena Rosinska","doi":"10.32394/pe/214792","DOIUrl":"10.32394/pe/214792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electronic health records and reimbursement claims data are increasingly recognized as valuable resources for enhancing health surveillance, particularly in evaluating continuity of care. However, their use is often complicated by coding errors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to develop case definitions for a person living with HIV in Poland and for a newly diagnosed HIV case, based on claims data.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data on services and prescriptions reimbursed by the National Health Fund (NHF) between January 2010 and June 2022, in Poland, were used to construct candidate definitions for a person with diagnosed HIV (PHIV-D). Based on the selected definition and analysis of the time intervals between registered services, the size of the PHIV-D population residing in Poland was estimated. To evaluate the validity of the approach, the results were compared with national HIV surveillance data using mean squared error and visual trend analysis. Percentage growth was applied to assess the reporting delay in NHF data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the selected definition a PHIV-D was defined as an individual who had used at least 2 services funded by NHF with an HIV-related ICD-10 code listed as either main or concurrent cause. PHIV-D who did not use any NHF-funded services or prescriptions for consecutive 24 months, and had no recorded death were considered likely to have left the country. Based on this definition, the estimated PHIV-D population residing in Poland increased from 8.9 thousand in 2013 to 15.7 thousand in 2021, with 10,993 new diagnoses recorded during this period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed definition allows to estimate the size of the PHIV-D population in Poland, which is challenging for existing surveillance system. It provides a valuable tool for monitoring and planning healthcare services for individuals living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"79 4","pages":"541-556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syphilis in Poland in 2023.","authors":"Marta Niedźwiedzka-Stadnik, Karolina Zakrzewska","doi":"10.32394/pe/218342","DOIUrl":"10.32394/pe/218342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2023 there was a significant increase in the number of syphilis cases in Poland, more than 50% new cases were reported compare to previous year. There is still a problem with the clinical differentiation of reported cases, i.e. new infections, reinfections, and residual positive serological tests confirming the presence of antibodies against <i>Treponema pallidum</i> in previously successfully treated individuals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of syphilis cases in Poland in 2023 in comparison to previous years.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Analysis of the epidemiological situation was based on case-based data from reports of newly detected syphilis cases received from doctors and laboratories and registered in 2023 year. Additionally aggregated data from MZ-56 reports on infectious diseases, infections and poisoning from 2017 to 2019 sent from Sanitary Inspections to NIPH NIH - NRI was used. Also, data about treatment patients in dermatology/venereology clinics in 2020-2023 reported on MZ-14 forms and published in the NIPH NIH - NRI bulletins were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, in Poland, 2,968 syphilis cases were reported (diagnosis rate was 7.89 per 100,000 population), including 130 cases among non-Polish citizens. The most often syphilis cases were detected among people below 30 years old (37.1%) and among men (88.1%). In 2023, early syphilis (ICD-10 code: A51) consisted 36.0% of all cases reported to surveillance (1,068 cases) and other syphilis and undetermined (ICD-10 code: A53) consisted 60.6% (1,799 cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In 2023, the number of reported syphilis cases increased more than by half compared to the previous year. The percentage of cases of early syphilis (the most infectious), which probably occurred in a short period of time, also remains high, what can influence on transmission this infection in population and lead to increase in the number of new cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"79 4","pages":"650-663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious diseases in Poland in 2023.","authors":"Magdalena Rosińska, Mirosław P Czarkowski, Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys","doi":"10.32394/pe/218649","DOIUrl":"10.32394/pe/218649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>. The aim of this study was to summarize the epidemiological situation of infectious diseases in Poland in 2023. The ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of the influx of refugees to Ukraine were taken into account. <b>MATERIAL AND METHODS</b>. We performed a narrative review of studies published in Epidemiological Chronicle, along with data from the national infectious disease registry, Epibaza, which collects data from epidemiological investigations conducted by the State Sanitary Inspectorate. Mortality data were obtained from reports of the Statistics Poland Office. <b>RESULTS</b>. In 2023, 381,244 cases of COVID-19 and 4,329 deaths due to this disease were recorded. The COVID-19 mortality rate in 2023 was several times lower than in 2022, although COVID-19 still accounted for more deaths than other infectious diseases. An \"immunity gap\" effect was observed following the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a significant increase in the incidence of pertussis (2.5 times compared to 2022), influenza and influenza-like illnesses, and intestinal infections (enteric salmonellosis +57.9%, campylobacteriosis +64.1%, yersiniosis +74.5%, norovirus +27.8%). A reduction in the incidence was observed for rotavirus infections, for which routine infant vaccinations were introduced in 2021. The increase in pneumococcal disease incidence occurred mainly in the adult and senior population. While the number of new HIV diagnoses among Polish nationals is increasing, the number of cases among migrants has declined, although they still account for 25% of all new diagnoses. The incidence of other sexually transmitted infections also continues to increase (compared to 2022, gonorrhoea +110.6%, syphilis +89.6%). <b>CONCLUSIONS</b>. For many diseases, incidence increased compared to previous years, for a variety of reasons, including the persistent \"immunity gap\" following the pandemic and the specific nature of the vaccination program. The impact of the influx of refugees from Ukraine was minor.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"79 4","pages":"730-749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed model pilot study on innovative 'Buddy System' peer-teaching methodology for post-graduate course programme in orthodontic education.","authors":"Anand Badavannavar, Roopa Jatti, Adithi Rao, Aarti Sethia, Atrey J Pai Khot, Zameera Naik, Sumedh Koderi","doi":"10.32394/pe/217069","DOIUrl":"10.32394/pe/217069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent advancements in orthodontics demands to shape post graduate students to acquire critical thinking skills and abilities so as to perceive high order intellectual capabilities and excellent clinical competencies. However, a very demanding top-down teaching method might not be beneficial. Hence, there is a need to bridge this research gap by conceptualizing academic curriculum with innovative teaching strategies such as the \"Buddy System\" aiming at creating a stress-free collaborative learning environment with attainable graduate attributes and competencies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate and assess the feasibility and acceptance of the innovative 'Buddy System\" peer-teaching methodology for post-graduate course programme in orthodontic education.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A mixed-method pilot study was conducted among thirty postgraduate students (n=30) in two phases. In Phase I, a structured questionnaire comprising 29 items was developed and validated by senior academic faculty, categorized into theoretical, practical, performance-based assessment, and interpersonal skills (Categories I to IV respectively). Phase II employed completion of the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews following a peer-teaching group activity. In the questionnaire attitudes and perceptions were evaluated using a Likert scale. We measured agreement between fellow teachers and fellow learners with kappa statistic, and data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study findings inferred good agreement with a Kappa value of 0.694, 0.683, 0.751 & 0.705 in Category I, Category II, Category III and Category IV respectively in terms of sharing of study materials in the form of books and research projects. The cumulative Kappa value obtained was 0.996 which indicated excellent agreement between fellow teachers and fellow learners (p value< 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Buddy system could facilitate active learning, collaborative environment and interpersonal support amongst post graduate students, thereby aiding as a desirable integrated peer-teaching model for dental curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"79 4","pages":"568-579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}