Przeglad epidemiologiczny最新文献

{"title":"Impact of disability in patients with diabetes on the declared quality of life.","authors":"Justyna Putek, Aleksander Truszyński, Edwin Kuźnik","doi":"10.32394/pe.77.24","DOIUrl":"10.32394/pe.77.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The complications caused by this disease in many cases lead to a deterioration of the quality of life of patients. An additional factor that negatively affects the quality of life of respondents is disability, which in many cases is diagnosed due to diabetes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to quantify the impact of disability on the declared quality of life in patients with diabetes and to compare the percentage of people with declared disability with the degree of disability among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was based on an internet survey posted on social groups related to diabetes on Facebook. The shortened version of the questionnaire measuring quality of life created by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-Bref) and some self-created questions were used. The survey was completed by 139 respondents. 113 (81.3%) of them were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and 26 (18.7%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjective assessment of the quality of life in the entire group was moderate and totalled 3.5 ± 0.9 (on a scale from 1 to 5). The mean score of the physical domain of the WHOQOL-Bref was 48.9 ± 13.1, of the psychological domain was 55.2 ± 13.5, of the social domain was 60.8 ± 22.1, and of the environmental domain was 54.6 ± 14.5. 56.8% (79) of respondents were diagnosed with disability. 46 (58.2%) of them declared moderate disability. Disability was more frequently diagnosed in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to the group of patients with type 2 diabetes (67.3% vs. 11.5%; p<0.001). Very weak correlation was found between the duration of diabetes and particular domains of the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire (r ranging from -0.107 to -0.017; p>0.05). The subjective quality of life and the level of satisfaction with health were moderate in the group of patients with type 1 diabetes and declared disability (3.5 ± 0.9), without disability (3.4 ± 0.9) and in the group of patients with type 2 diabetes without disability (3.7 ± 0.8). The mean scores of particular domains of the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire were very similar in patients with type 1 diabetes, both with a disability certificate (physical domain 49.0 ± 13.6; psychological domain 55.3 ± 13.7; social domain 61.1 ± 22 .8; environmental domain 54.0 ± 14.7) and without (physical domain 48.8 ± 14.0; psychological domain 55.4 ± 13.9; social domain 63.1 ± 23.3; environmental domain 55 .4 ± 14.9), and in people with type 2 diabetes (physical domain 49.8 ± 10.4; psychological domain 56.3 ± 12.1; social domain 59.8 ± 19.1; environmental domain 57, 7 ± 11.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disability was diagnosed more often in patients with type 1 than type 2 diabetes. The disability certificate in the group of patients with type 1 diabetes doe","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"77 3","pages":"327-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing of sand from recreational areas and sandpits in Warsaw, for presence of Ascaris Lumbricoides and Toxocara spp.","authors":"Aleksandra Matras,&nbsp;Agata Stasiak,&nbsp;Tomasz Chmielewski,&nbsp;Adam Kaczmarek","doi":"10.32394/pe.77.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.77.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Improper maintenance of the cleanliness of sand in sandboxes can be a source of human pathogenic helminths, including Toxocara spp., Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, leading to parasitic infections.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sanitary condition of sandboxes in playgrounds and recreational areas in Warsaw for the presence of Human roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) and Toxocara spp. in sand.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>450 sand samples from 90 sandboxes in the city of Warsaw were analyzed. The flotation method was used for the study, and the material was evaluated using a light microscope. RESULTS. The conducted examinations did not reveal the presence of parasite eggs, indicating that hygiene rules were observed and appropriate recommendations were followed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analyzed sand samples are free of the tested parasites.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"77 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9582603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legionellosis in Poland in 2018-2021.","authors":"Michał Czerwiński,&nbsp;Ewelina Księżak,&nbsp;Katarzyna Piekarska","doi":"10.32394/pe.77.23","DOIUrl":"10.32394/pe.77.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to compare the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2018-2021 to prior years, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The assessment is based on national surveillance data published in the annual bulletin \"Infectious Diseases and Poisons in Poland\" from 2013 to 2021, as well as data from Legionnaires' disease case reports collected and sent to the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance NIPH NIH - NRI by sanitary and epidemiological stations or submitted to EpiBase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Poland, both Legionnaires' disease (an acute infection that progresses to pneumonia) and Pontiac fever (a mild, flu-like sickness) are reported. In 2018-2021, a total of 255 cases of legionellosis were registered, including 236 cases of Legionnaires' disease and 19 cases of Pontiac fever. Each year, there was an increase in the number of notifications compared to the annual median number of cases from 2013-2017. The annual incidence rate in 2019 (0.23 per 100,000 population) was the highest since the start of legionellosis case registration in Poland. It declined again during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. The notifications occurred throughout the country, but the highest notification rate was observed in the western belt of voivodeships. Pomorskie reported the highest incidence, accounting for more than 20% of all registered cases. The median incidence of Legionnaires' disease in men (0.23 per 100,000) was more than twice that of women (0.10), with the highest incidence (0.58) recorded in men 65 years of age or older. All indigenous cases of Legionnaires' disease were sporadic; all but three patients were hospitalized. State Sanitary Inspection reported 26 fatal cases of Legionnaires' disease (mortality = 11%). Twenty-four cases were linked to contaminated water systems in health-care settings, and 21 cases were likely associated with travel abroad.</p><p><strong>Summary and conclusions: </strong>Although the number of notifications has increased in recent years, Legionnaires' disease is still an infrequently diagnosed respiratory infection in Poland, and the reported incidence remains one of the lowest in the entire EU. The most affected demographic group is men aged 65 and older. Improving the early diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease in healthcare settings remains a priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"77 2","pages":"241-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49681593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B in Poland in 2021.","authors":"Małgorzata Stępień, Monika Kowalczyk","doi":"10.32394/pe.77.32","DOIUrl":"10.32394/pe.77.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluation of the epidemiological situation of hepatitis B in Poland in 2021 compared to previous years, considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data from individual reports on hepatitis B cases and HBV infections registered by local sanitary and epidemiological stations in the EpiBaza system were analyzed. Aggregate data published in the annual bulletins: \"Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland\", \"Vaccinations in Poland\" and data on deaths provided by the Demographic Surveys Department of Statistics Poland (GUS) were also used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, a total of 1,547 cases of hepatitis B were registered, including 10 cases of acute hepatitis B, with an incidence of acute hepB 0.03/100,000 population. The incidence of acute hepB was lower by 25% than in 2020 and lower by 75% than the median incidence for 2015-2019. Acute cases occurred only in 6 voivodeships, all in people over 28 years of age. Two out of 10 acute cases were classified as imported. In 2021, 1,537 chronic or unknown-phase cases (UNK) were reported and registered, the diagnosis rate was 4.03/100,000 and was higher by 58% than the rate in 2020 and lower by 53% than the median for 2015-2019. The distribution of cases by gender, age and place of residence was similar to that observed previously - chronic cases or UNK were diagnosed more often in men (male-to female ratio 1.5:1) and people living in cities. Two chronic infections have been reported in infants born to HBV-infected women. 2.5% of chronic and UNK cases were considered imported. According to Statistics Poland (GUS), 20 people died in 2021, including 3 due to acute hepatitis B. The vaccination coverage of 1-year-olds with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3) decreased slightly compared to 2020 and amounted to 89.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, a gradual levelling of the sharp decline in the number of diagnosed chronic and UNK cases that occurred in 2020 was observed. In acute cases, a further decline in incidence was noted compared to 2020, but a smaller number of acute cases was most likely due to the lower effectiveness of surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic, rather than from an improvement in the epidemiological situation. The vaccination coverage of children in the second year of life (born in 2020) with the third dose of HepB vaccine continued to decline, although slightly.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"77 3","pages":"359-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pertussis in Poland in 2018-2019.","authors":"Agnieszka Rumik, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz, Aneta Rosolak","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.57","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Pertussis is an endemic, highly contagious disease that can be prevented through vaccination. In Poland, since the second half of the nineties, changes in the epidemiology of pertussis have been observed - an increase in the number of cases, despite the high level of vaccination of the population. The highest percentage of registered cases of pertussis concerned people aged 15 and over. The causes of the increased incidence of pertussis are a complex problem. Immunity after pertussis vaccination is unstable, disappears within 4-12 years, and the risk of the disease increases with time after the last dose of the vaccine. Due to the loss of protection against pertussis in adults, it is important to repeat immunization with dTpa every 10 years. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Poland in 2018-2019 compared to the situation in previous years, with particular emphasis on the assessment of the vaccination status of children against pertussis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The assessment of the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Poland was performed on the basis of the results of the analysis of unit reports of pertussis registered in the NIPH-NIH through the SRWE system and data from the bulletins \"Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland\" for 2018 and 2019 and the bulletins \"Vaccinations in Poland\" for 2018 and 2019. RESULTS In 2018, 1 548 were registered, and in 2019 - 1 629 cases of pertussis. The incidence was respectively: 4.0 and 4.2 per 100 000 population and was lower compared to the incidence in 2017 (8.0). The highest incidence of pertussis was in the age group 0-4 years (20.6 and 23.6 respectively), and high in children and adolescents aged 5-9 (10.9 and 11.5 respectively) and 10-14 years (respectively: 12.2 and 11.2 - per 100 000 population). About half of the cases concerned people over 15 years of age. In general, a higher incidence among women was observed than in men, as well as a higher incidence in cities than in rural areas. In 2018, among people with pertussis, 434 people (i.e. 28%) and in 2019 - 482 people (i.e. 29.6%) were hospitalized. In 2019, one fatal case of the disease was reported to the epidemiological surveillance system. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS In Poland, in the years 2018-2019, there was a decrease in the number of cases of pertussis, the most common were children under the age of four (the highest incidence). A worrying trend is the decreasing number of vaccinations in children aged 2 years against pertussis covered by compulsory primary vaccinations in individual provinces. In the current epidemiological situation, the best way to prevent new cases of pertussis is to use vaccination according to the current regimen and to recommend to adults a single dose of dTpa vaccination, which should be repeated every 10 years.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"604-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49014441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles in Poland in 2019.","authors":"Joanna Bogusz, E. Augustynowicz, N. Wnukowska, I. Paradowska-Stankiewicz","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.56","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Since 1998 Poland has endorsed measles elimination programme which is coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). To accomplish measles elimination in the country, achievement of vaccination coverage at 95% in the population is needed, as is the monitoring of the epidemiological situation, i.e.: reporting on cases suspected of measles and conducting laboratory diagnostics in WHO Reference Laboratory. Polish Reference Laboratory is located at the Department of Virology NIPH NIH - NRI.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVES\u0000The aim of the article is to analyze the epidemiological situation of measles in Poland in 2019 with presenting the measles vaccination coverage and the progress of the measles elimination programme in Poland.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The epidemiological situation of measles in Poland was analyzed on the basis of the case-based questionnaires of cases suspected of measles sent to NIPH NIH-NRI by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, data from the publications: \"Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2019\" and \"Vaccinations in Poland in 2019\".\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In 2019, 1,502 cases of measles were notified to the surveillance system in Poland (incidence 3.91 per 100,000 population, more than four times more than in 2018). The highest incidence was observed in the aged 35-39 was estimated at 11.36 per 100,000 population. Out of all cases, 772 (51.4%) were hospitalized. No fatal cases due to the measles were reported. In 2019 the maintenance of high vaccination coverage among children aged 2 and 12 years old was observed - from 92.6% to 99.5% (primary vaccination, children born in 2009-2017).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The epidemiological situation of measles in 2019 in comparison with the situation in 2018, has deteriorated. This was a trend in throughout Europe.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"597-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49199665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of a self-management program based on 5 A`s model on the quality of life and self-efficacy in the myocardial infarction patients.","authors":"Siamak Bahrami Aloghareh, Shahriar Salehi Tali, A. Hasanpour Dehkordi, Hanifeh Gangi, M. Sedehi","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.52","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES\u0000The myocardial infarction is the most severe manifestation of coronary artery disease. The promotion of self-efficacy in these patients can be effective in the improvement of their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a self-management program based on 5 A`s model on the quality of life and self-efficacy of the patients with myocardial infarction.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The current study was a clinical trial that was conducted in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahr-e Kord (Iran) with the participation of 96 patients with myocardial infarction. The research units were blocked randomly into two 48-patient intervention and control groups. The training content was provided to the intervention group in five stages and they were asked to implement in three months. The demographic information questionnaire, the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life questionnaire, and Sullivan Self-Efficacy questionnaire were the data collection instruments. The mean scores of pre and post-intervention were compared by the use of SPSS, version 16, software, paired t-test, single t-test, chi-square, and Fisher's Exact Test.\u0000\u0000\u0000FINDINGS\u0000The results showed that the mean squares of quality of life and self-efficacy in pre and postintervention had a significant difference and the intervention group had a higher quality of life and self-efficacy levels compared to the control group (P<0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000According to the results of the study, it is suggested to use this model for empowerment and caring of patients besides the medicinal treatments, so that it would not lead to inability, reduction about the medical centers, frequent hospitalization, and ultimately, reduction in medical costs, and promotion of the society's health.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"556-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46903419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sporicidal activity of a disinfectant with peracetic acid against the spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus according to the european standard PN-EN 17126: 2019-01.","authors":"A. Chojecka","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.49","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The assessment of the sporicidal effectiveness of disinfectants is important from the point of view of the prevention of nosocomial infections and spore contamination of clinical samples, medical equipment and materials used in patient care. The rods of Bacillus spp. cause infections of the digestive system, bloodstream and, less often, respiratory tract. Cases were diagnosed in immunocompromised patients, malignant neoplasms and in neonatal wards. The source of the infection was hospital linen, reusable towels, catheters or milk from the human milk bank.\u0000\u0000\u0000AIM OF THE STUDY\u0000Determination of the minimal sporicidal parameters of a disinfectant containing peracetic acid.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The sporicidal activity of a disinfectant containing peracetic acid against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus spore suspensions was tested in a defined concentration range during a contact time of 15 minutes, in the presence of various interfering substances (clean and dirty conditions) according to the European Standard PN-EN 17126: 2019-01.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The disinfecting preparation containing peracetic acid showed sporicidal activity against Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 1% for 15 minutes under clean and dirty conditions and at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.00% and 1.25% against the Bacillus cereus spores during the same contact time but only under dirty conditions. The preparation showed no sporicidal activity against Bacillus cereus at concentrations of 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% during a contact time of 15 minutes under both dirty and clean conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In areas where there is a risk of infecting a patient or contaminating clinical specimens, materials and equipment with spores of Bacillus spp., it is necessary to use disinfectants with sporicidal activity confirmed according to the PN-EN 17126: 2019-01 standard. The sporicidal activity of disinfectants containing peracetic acid may depend on the method of preparing the solutions, their concentration, pH, temperature and the contamination degree of the disinfected surface.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"524-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46098756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonellosis in Poland in 2018 and 2019.","authors":"M. Milczarek, M. Sadkowska-Todys, M. Czarkowski","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.62","url":null,"abstract":"AIM\u0000The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiological situation of salmonellosis in Poland, in 2018 and 2019 compared with previous years.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The assessment of the epidemiological situation was performed on the basis of data provided to the Department of Epidemiology Infectious Diseases and Surveillance of NIPH NIH - NRI by sanitary-epidemiological stations through the Epidemiological Case Reporting System (SRWE) and the Registry of Epidemic Outbreaks (ROE), as well as on the basis of data from the annual bulletins \"Infectious Diseases and Poisonings in Poland\" 2018 and 2019 (NIPH NIH - NRI, GIS, Warsaw, 2019 and 2020) and from information received from laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological stations and data from the Demographic Research Department of Statistics Poland (GIS).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In Poland in 2018 a total of 9,957 cases of salmonellosis were reported in the sanitaryepidemiological surveillance, among these infections 9,651 were cases of intestinal salmonellosis, 306 were cases of extraintestinal salmonellosis. The incidence rate for total salmonellosis was 25.9 per 100,000 population, for parenteral salmonellosis alone was 0.80 per 100,000 population. There were 9,370 cases of confirmed and 587 cases of probable salmonellosis registered. Hospital treatment was given to 65% of patients with intestinal salmonellosis and 88.6% of patients with extraintestinal forms of the disease. The increase in salmonellosis cases in 2018 occurred during the summer months with a peak in cases in August. The highest incidence of salmonellosis nationwide was in the Podkarpackie voivodeship 42.2/100,000, the lowest in the Lubuskie voivodeship 9.4/100,000. More cases were registered in urban areas - 5,866 salmonellosis cases. Cases in the age group 0-4 constituted 37.7% of all cases. Among parenteral salmonellosis 64.7% were people over 60 years of age. In ROE system there were 351 food poisoning outbreaks with Salmonella spp. as the etiological agent, mainly Enteritidis serotype. The most frequently isolated serotypes in Poland in 2018 were S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis, the first of which was responsible for 76.3% of all Salmonella infections. There were 1,719 cases registered in which the serotype was not determined, most of them came from the Pomorskie voivodeship. Sanitary-epidemiological stations performed 547,976 bacteriological tests for Salmonella and Shigella, 0.2% of people working in contact with food had a positive result. There were 43 cases imported from abroad. Due to Salmonella infection 4 people died in 2018. In 2019 a total of 9,234 cases of salmonellosis were registered in Poland, including 8,919 food poisoning and 315 parenteral salmonellosis. The incidence for total salmonellosis in Poland was 24.1 per 100,000 population. There were 8,687 confirmed and 547 probable cases of salmonellosis reported. Due to food poisoning 63.1% of patients were hospitalized, while due to parenteral salmonellosis 87.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"665-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44927029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination - limatations and opportunities in countries with low vaccine coverage.","authors":"Piotr Sypień, T. Zielonka","doi":"10.32394/pe.75.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.75.50","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent infection with oncogenic Human papillomavirus (HPV) types can lead to neoplasms involving urogenital and laryngeal tumors, which account for approximately 5% of all cancers worldwidely. Effective measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HPV cancers are regular examinations including the Papanicolaou test and preventive vaccination. However, despite the registration of the first HPV vaccine already in 2006, there is still huge disparity in the vaccination coverage between countries. In Poland, vaccination coverage is still very low in comparison to other European Union countries (only a few percent). Constraints exist on the part of the state and health system organizations, as well as in the attitudes of health professionals and parents. One of the primary factors influencing the decision to vaccinate against HPV is the presence of the vaccine in The National Immunization Program, while often with financial support. Formalization of vaccination also forces physicians to be more attentive to informing and recommending immunization, increasing their level of education. The role of medical workers is crucial from a social point of view. For parents, an adequate discussion with the physician is a vital factor influencing HPV vaccination decisions. At the same time, health care workers express the need to change their work organization due to insufficient time for health promotion and prophylaxis during visits. A thorough understanding of the barriers can allow for the development of effective strategies to increase vaccination coverage.","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"537-545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47456842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}