Hepatitis C in Poland in 2021.

Abstract

Background: In 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic continued, however, due to the implementation of vaccination, fewer disruptions were observed in healthcare. In the detection of HCV - inextricably linked to access to testing - there was an incomplete return to the pre-pandemic level of diagnostics (in the EU/EEA in 2021, 4.1 infections/100,000, in 2019 - 8.8). The aim of the article was to present the HCV situation in 2021 according to the data of the epidemiological surveillance in Poland compared to 2015-2020.

Material and methods: We used the data: 1) from individual epidemiological surveillance; 2) from bulletins for the years 2015-2021 (diagnosis rates) and 3) regarding deaths from the Statistics Poland, Demographic Surveys and Labour Market Department.

Results: In 2021, a 30% increase in the detection of new HCV infections was observed (3.26/100,000, 1,244 cases) - about 70%, more than 2,500 cases, are missing to return to the pre-pandemic level. The demographic distribution was different than in Europe: 1) the ratio of women to men 1:1.07; 2) people <25 years: 2.4% of all diagnoses - this may imply worse access to testing among men than women (tested during pregnancy), especially in younger age groups. In Poland, a large percentage of diagnoses involves people outside the high- risk population - mainly exposures related to medical procedures (>75%). The role of primary health care in diagnosing HCV has strengthened (38.6%) - despite the fact that the tests were not yet available within health insurance benefits. The burden on healthcare and sanitary inspection continued to reduce the quality of data. There were more deaths due to acute hepatitis C in 2020-2021 (4 and 6 cases) compared to 2018 2019 (0 and 1 death).

Conclusions: The highlighted gaps in diagnosing HCV infections in Poland should be taken into consideration while developing the policy for HCV infections elimination. Poland still lacks in long term solutions, acceptable by and reaching the target population.