Karolina Mrozowska-Nyckowska, Jakub Zbrzeźniak, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz
{"title":"Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2023.","authors":"Karolina Mrozowska-Nyckowska, Jakub Zbrzeźniak, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz","doi":"10.32394/pe/202694","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Poland, meningitis and/or encephalitis, regardless of etiology, are subject to routine epidemiological surveillance. This paper presents an analysis of meningitis and/or encephalitis in 2023, caused by <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and tick-borne encephalitis virus.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2023 taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>To evaluate the epidemiological situation of neuroinfections in Poland, data sent to NIPH NIH-NRI by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations and published in the annual bulletin: \"Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2023\" and \"Vaccinations in Poland in 2023\" as well as individual epidemiological reports registered in the EpiBaza system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, there were 2754 cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis, an increase of 57.6% compared to 2022 (1748 cases) and 22.5% against 2019 (2249 cases). Incidences of bacterial etiology, including neuroborreliosis, increased by 39.7% (from 848 in 2022 to 1185 in 2023, incidence: 2.24 to 3.14 per 100,000). The incidence for <i>N. meningitidis</i> increased by 17.6(from 0.17 to 0.20), for <i>H. influenzae</i> by 125% (from 0.04 to 0.09), and for <i>S. pneumoniae</i> by 30.9% (from 0.55 to 0.72). Viral infections accounted for 57% of the total, and their number increased by 74.3% (from 900 in 2022 to 1,569 in 2023). The highest number of viral infections was for tick-borne encephalitis, with 661 cases (up 48.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>2023 showed an overall upward trend in the number of registered cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis of bacterial and viral etiology compared to 2022. The number of cases was 22.5% higher than in 2019, the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. These results indicate significant changes in the epidemiological situation, which may be due to improved diagnosis, a change in epidemiological trends and a higher number of reported cases. The observed increase underscores the need for further monitoring and implementation of effective preventive measures to reduce future cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20777,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","volume":"79 1","pages":"104-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Przeglad epidemiologiczny","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.32394/pe/202694","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/3/20 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: In Poland, meningitis and/or encephalitis, regardless of etiology, are subject to routine epidemiological surveillance. This paper presents an analysis of meningitis and/or encephalitis in 2023, caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and tick-borne encephalitis virus.
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2023 taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and methods: To evaluate the epidemiological situation of neuroinfections in Poland, data sent to NIPH NIH-NRI by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations and published in the annual bulletin: "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2023" and "Vaccinations in Poland in 2023" as well as individual epidemiological reports registered in the EpiBaza system.
Results: In 2023, there were 2754 cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis, an increase of 57.6% compared to 2022 (1748 cases) and 22.5% against 2019 (2249 cases). Incidences of bacterial etiology, including neuroborreliosis, increased by 39.7% (from 848 in 2022 to 1185 in 2023, incidence: 2.24 to 3.14 per 100,000). The incidence for N. meningitidis increased by 17.6(from 0.17 to 0.20), for H. influenzae by 125% (from 0.04 to 0.09), and for S. pneumoniae by 30.9% (from 0.55 to 0.72). Viral infections accounted for 57% of the total, and their number increased by 74.3% (from 900 in 2022 to 1,569 in 2023). The highest number of viral infections was for tick-borne encephalitis, with 661 cases (up 48.2%).
Conclusions: 2023 showed an overall upward trend in the number of registered cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis of bacterial and viral etiology compared to 2022. The number of cases was 22.5% higher than in 2019, the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. These results indicate significant changes in the epidemiological situation, which may be due to improved diagnosis, a change in epidemiological trends and a higher number of reported cases. The observed increase underscores the need for further monitoring and implementation of effective preventive measures to reduce future cases.
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