Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Impact of genetic variants on hippocampal volume among individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders","authors":"Tommaso Toffanin ,&nbsp;Giulia Ida Perini ,&nbsp;Halima Follador ,&nbsp;Filippo Zonta ,&nbsp;Giovanni Ferri ,&nbsp;Giorgio Pigato ,&nbsp;Mario Angelo Pagano ,&nbsp;Nadia Scupola ,&nbsp;Claudia Pinato ,&nbsp;Davide Calosci ,&nbsp;Maria Ferrara ,&nbsp;Angela Muscettola ,&nbsp;Giovanni Antonio De Bellis ,&nbsp;Chiara Montemitro ,&nbsp;Luigi Zerbinati ,&nbsp;Maria Giulia Nanni ,&nbsp;Rosangela Caruso ,&nbsp;Andrea Escelsior ,&nbsp;Alessandra Baratto ,&nbsp;Nicola Martino ,&nbsp;Martino Belvederi Murri","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Hypothesis</h3><div>Hippocampal volume reduction is a consistent finding in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder type I (BP-I), yet the role of genetic factors remains unclear. We investigated the influence of DISC1 (rs821616), AKT1 (rs1130233), COMT (rs4680), and GSK-3ꞵ(rs334558) polymorphisms on hippocampal morphology.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Seventy-one participants (25 SCZ, 22 BP-I, 24 healthy controls, HC) underwent 1.5T MRI and genotyping. Bayesian multilevel models estimated associations between corrected hippocampal volume, diagnosis, hemisphere, and genetic variants.</div></div><div><h3>Study Results</h3><div>Both SCZ and BP-I showed significantly smaller hippocampal volumes compared with HC (Average Marginal Effects: SCZ vs HC = −1.38; BP-I vs HC = −1.46; probability of direction [PD] = 100%). Rightward asymmetry was preserved across groups. The COMT AA genotype was associated with lower hippocampal volume (AME = −0.67; PD = 99%), while DISC1 AT carriers showed moderate reductions (AME = −0.37; PD = 96%). GSK-3ꞵ contributed to variability but not mean volume, and AKT1 showed no clear effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Hippocampal atrophy is a shared marker of SCZ and BP-I, with preserved lateralization. COMT and DISC1 variations appear to modulate hippocampal volume, supporting their role in psychosis vulnerability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic effects of a single dose nutritional ketone ester supplement on brain glucose and ketone metabolism in alcohol use disorder","authors":"Xinyi Li ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Young ,&nbsp;Zhenhao Shi ,&nbsp;Juliana Byanyima ,&nbsp;Sianneh Vesslee ,&nbsp;Rishika Reddy ,&nbsp;Timothy Pond ,&nbsp;Mark Elliott ,&nbsp;Ravinder Reddy ,&nbsp;Robert K. Doot ,&nbsp;Jan-Willem van der Veen ,&nbsp;Henry R. Kranzler ,&nbsp;Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga ,&nbsp;Jacob G. Dubroff ,&nbsp;Corinde E. Wiers","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute alcohol use reduces brain glucose metabolism while increasing uptake of acetate, a byproduct of alcohol. This metabolic shift persists in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and may offer a treatment target. Recent studies show that ketone therapies can lessen alcohol withdrawal and cravings. In this study, we tested whether a single dose of a ketone ester (KE) supplement affects brain energy use and alcohol craving. Ten participants (five with AUD, five healthy controls) received two FDG-PET brain scans—one after taking 395 mg/kg KE and one at baseline—in a randomized order. Additionally, five AUD participants underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure cingulate β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). KE lowered blood glucose and increased BHB in both groups. Brain scans revealed a 17% reduction in glucose metabolism, especially in the frontal, occipital, and cingulate cortices, as well as the hippocampus, amygdala, and insula. No major differences were observed between AUD and control groups. KE significantly reduced alcohol craving in AUD participants and tripled cingulate BHB levels. These findings suggest that a single KE dose can rapidly shift brain energy use from glucose to ketones, and may help reduce cravings in AUD, supporting its potential as a therapeutic approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG-based schizophrenia classification using attention-integrated deep convolutional networks","authors":"Anjali Sagar Jangde,&nbsp;Gyanendra Kumar Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by cognitive and perceptual disruptions, for which electroencephalography (EEG) provides a valuable non-invasive biomarker. In this study, we propose a convolutional attention-based deep learning framework for the automatic detection of schizophrenia from EEG signals. The model integrates spatial feature extraction via convolutional layers with an attention mechanism that adaptively focuses on discriminative temporal patterns within the EEG. We have conducted experiments on two publicly available datasets, the Moscow EEG dataset and the IBIB PAN dataset. Performance on the Moscow dataset was lower, with an accuracy of 73.98%, likely due to age-related neural variability and limited recording duration. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 98.45% on the IBIB PAN dataset, demonstrating strong generalization and discriminative capability. These results highlight the potential of attention-augmented convolutional networks for schizophrenia detection, while also underscoring the challenges of generalizing across datasets with differing demographic and acquisition characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145965986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of phase-locking factor with visual area-targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography shows reduced connectivity in schizophrenia: A preliminary study","authors":"Masayuki Ide ,&nbsp;Akihiro Tadamura ,&nbsp;Takehiro Miyazaki ,&nbsp;Yoshiki Inoue ,&nbsp;Aya Sekine ,&nbsp;Takumi Takahashi ,&nbsp;Masashi Tamura ,&nbsp;Asaki Matsuzaki ,&nbsp;Kiyotaka Nemoto ,&nbsp;Hirokazu Tachikawa ,&nbsp;Tetsuaki Arai ,&nbsp;Masahiro Kawasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia remain unclear, the development of reliable biomarkers for the disease is highly anticipated. Electroencephalogram with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-EEG) is a developing technique for assessing mental condition. Phase-locking factors (PLFs) are a parameter of phase synchronization, which can assess the brain connectivity of specific areas. Both visual processing impairments and aberrant brain connectivity are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here, we compared motor area PLFs using visual area-targeted TMS-EEG between three groups: 15 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), 15 patients with major depressive disorder (MD), and 15 healthy controls (HC). The PLF of the SZ group showed a significant decrease in the theta band compared to the HC group without confounding effects from TMS click noises or antipsychotic medication. The reduction of PLF in the theta band between the visual and motor area could reflect visual processing impairments in schizophrenia. Further experiments with larger sample size and appropriate cognitive tasks are required to confirm our conclusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral hemodynamics and functional connectivity in the stroop test in Parkinson’s disease patients: A machine learning approach to fNIRS features","authors":"Liping Qi ,&nbsp;Zi-Qian Shi ,&nbsp;Yan-Zhi Liu ,&nbsp;Jing-Wen Ni ,&nbsp;Yong-Zhong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive impairment is a core non-motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to: (1) assess PD patients’ performance on the color-word Stroop task and characterize task-related neural activity; (2) develop PD diagnostic models using task-based functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) features to link neuroimaging mechanisms with clinical translation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty-one participants (29 PD patients, 32 healthy controls [HC]) completed the Stroop task during fNIRS recording. Cerebral hemodynamic and brain network analyses were performed, and a two-way ANCOVA examined group (PD vs. HC) and task (congruent vs. incongruent stimuli) effects, adjusted for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Machine learning frameworks were applied to construct diagnostic models using task-based fNIRS features.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PD patients showed significantly higher omission rates than HC across both Stroop conditions, alongside enhanced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontal eye field activation, and increased prefrontal interhemispheric functional connectivity. Logistic regression outperformed other models, achieving comparable accuracy with fewer features.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings advance our understanding of PD-related cognitive impairment and provide a framework for developing non-invasive, objective diagnostic tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural evidence for the influence of cognitive control by facial emotion under varying task difficulty in individuals with borderline personality disorder traits","authors":"Si Yang ,&nbsp;Lijun Wang ,&nbsp;Man Zheng ,&nbsp;Suhao Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Borderline personality disorder traits (BPD traits) represent subclinical characteristics associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD), which are marked by impaired cognitive control of emotion processing. Although the cognitive control deficit of negative emotions is a core feature of BPD, the characteristics and neural basis of this deficit in non-clinical BPD traits individuals remain unclear. The present study employed a novel facial majority function task (fMFT) combined with event-related potential (ERP) recording to explore the cognitive control of negative facial emotion under varying task difficulty in individuals with high BPD traits. We recruited 50 high BPD traits participants and 50 low BPD traits participants for the fMFT. The behavioral results showed that under low and medium task difficulty conditions, there were no significant differences in reaction time and accuracy between the two groups. However, under negative emotion-high task difficulty conditions, the reaction time of the high BPD traits group was significantly longer than that of the low BPD traits group, and the accuracy was significantly lower than that of the low BPD traits group. The ERP results showed that high BPD traits group exhibited reduced frontal N200 amplitudes and increased parietal P300 amplitudes compared to the low BPD traits group. Furthermore, both groups exhibited decreased LPP amplitudes with increasing task difficulty in positive emotion conditions, but this task difficulty effect was not significant in negative emotion conditions in the high BPD traits group. These findings demonstrate that BPD traits leads to selective deficits in cognitive control of emotion processing, and negative emotion leads to their impairment in the processing of conflict monitoring and inhibition with task difficulty increasing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural connectivity correlates of response to electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression","authors":"María Eugenia Samman ,&nbsp;Leticia Fiorentini ,&nbsp;Delfina Lahitou Herlyn ,&nbsp;Aki Tsuchiyagaito ,&nbsp;Mariana N. Castro ,&nbsp;Elsa Costanzo ,&nbsp;Luis Ignacio Brusco ,&nbsp;Joan A. Camprodon ,&nbsp;Cecilia Forcato ,&nbsp;Salvador M. Guinjoan ,&nbsp;Mirta F. Villarreal","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most effective intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We investigated whether cortico-limbic structural connectivity is associated with ECT response. Twenty-nine TRD patients underwent bifrontal ECT and baseline probabilistic tractography assessing connectivity between amygdala, anterior insula (aINS), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), posterior ventrolateral (VLPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), subgenual cingulate cortex (SGCC) and thalamus. Stronger connectivity within a subnetwork comprising bilateral OFC, bilateral aINS, left SGCC and right DLPFC was associated with poorer ECT response showing predictive value for treatment outcome. Conversely, thalamus–PCC connectivity is related to greater baseline severity and better ECT response. In TRD, depressive symptom scores negatively correlated with fronto-limbic-thalamic connectivity. Our findings highlight a fronto-limbic subnetwork whose hyperconnectivity may reflect maladaptive regulation limiting neuromodulation efficacy. In contrast, thalamic connectivity may act as a hub linking fronto-limbic and default mode network circuits, potentially facilitating receptive pathways supporting therapeutic response and guiding anatomically precise neuromodulation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct neural correlates between suicide attempters with major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders: a multimodal imaging study","authors":"Woo-Sung Kim ,&nbsp;Soyolsaikhan Odkhuu ,&nbsp;Ariana Setiani ,&nbsp;Ling Li ,&nbsp;Ji-Young So ,&nbsp;Shahida Nazir ,&nbsp;Young-Chul Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Suicide attempters (SA) with mild diagnoses other than major depressive disorder (MDD) are underexplored. This study aimed to investigate neuroimaging abnormalities in SA with MDD (SA-MDD), SA with other psychiatric disorders (OPD) (SA-OPD), and healthy controls (HC) using MRI data. Associations between altered findings in the patient groups and anger, negative schema, or rumination were further examined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited SA who visited the emergency department and divided them into two groups: SA-MDD (<em>n</em> = 52) and SA-OPD (<em>n</em> = 24). Age-, sex-, and education-matched HC) (<em>n</em> = 100) participated in the study. Cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume were measured using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Regional analysis and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed using resting-state functional MRI. Partial Pearson or Spearman correlation with psychological variables was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Widespread decreases in cortical thickness and larger cortical surface areas in some regions were observed in both SA-MDD and SA-OPD. However, decreased hippocampal volume was observed only in SA-MDD. Altered FC was more prominent in SA-MDD than in SA-OPD. In addition, significant associations between altered seed-based FC and negative schema were observed in both groups. Importantly, the associations with anger and rumination were evident only in SA-OPD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that SA-OPD have similar alterations in brain morphometry to SA-MDD but show less prominent FC alterations. The clinical implications of anger and rumination in SA-OPD warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145869102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal relationship between tractography-based brain white matter structural connectome and risk of psychiatric disorders: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Xuhui Lin ,&nbsp;Lu Tang ,&nbsp;Zhao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study sought to explore the causal link between 206 tractography-derived white matter connectivity metrics in the brain and the risk of nine psychiatric disorders, employing a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Summary datasets of 9 psychiatric disorders including anxiety disorder, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome(TS), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and cannabis use disorder (CUD) were used. MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forward MR analysis showed that the left-hemisphere dorsal attention network to the right-hemisphere limbic network connectome was causally associated with a 32 % higher risk of anxiety disorder [odds ratio(OR) = 1.32; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.51). Reverse MR analysis indicated that AD was associated with a 7 % higher risk for the left-hemisphere limbic network to the right-hemisphere control network connectome(OR = 1.07; 95 % CI: 1.03, 1.10).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our MR analysis reveals causal relationships between brain white matter structural connectivity and psychiatric disorders, advancing our knowledge of the neural mechanisms that contribute to psychiatric disorders and providing evidence for targeted interventions in psychiatric treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative brain regional relaxometry metrics for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Miao Chen ,&nbsp;PuYeh Wu ,&nbsp;Wenjia Wang ,&nbsp;YiFei Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinpeng Qi ,&nbsp;Zhibo Liang ,&nbsp;Lihong Gao ,&nbsp;Gang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The early identification of Parkinson's disease (PD) prior to the emergence of motor symptoms is paramount for effective treatment and mitigation of disease progression. Moreover, early predictions and assessments of disease progression in certain patients are critical for timely clinical interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study investigates the neuroanatomical alterations in various brain regions during the initial stages and progression of PD, to explore the potential of quantitative regional metrics as candidate imaging markers for early diagnosis and disease progression.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>We enrolled 31 PD patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs), categorizing PD patients into early-stage Parkinson's (ESP) (<em>n</em> = 22) and advanced-stage Parkinson's (ASP)(<em>n</em> = 9) based on the Hoehn and Yahr grading. The study employed 3D T1BRAVO and synthetic MRI for data acquisition, followed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and extraction of T1, T2, and proton density (PrD) values. Comparative analysis of brain volume and regional relaxation metrics was performed among the groups. A classification model based on regions showing significant group differences was evaluated using internal cross-validation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant variations were identified in specific brain regions when comparing the ESP group with HCs, particularly in the right Calcarine_T1GM and left Cuneus_T1GM regions. Additionally, notable differences were discerned between the ESP group and the ASP group, specifically in the left Putamen_T1GM, left ParaHippocampal_T1WM, Precentral_T2WM, left ParaHippocampal_T2WM, Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)_T2WM, and left Putamen_PDGM regions. Scatter plot analysis revealed a strong correlation between these brain regions (with the exception of left ParaHippocampal_T2WM and left Putamen_PDGM) and both the Hoehn and Yahr (H&amp;Y) and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) scores. Under internal cross-validation, T1-based gray-matter regional metrics demonstrated the most stable discriminative performance among the evaluated modalities. Cross-validated classification performance was moderate, particularly for distinguishing ESP from ASP, indicating limited but potentially informative progression-related signals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Synthetic MRI–derived regional relaxometry reveals stage-related brain alterations in PD. T1-based gray-matter metrics show relatively robust performance under internal validation and may serve as candidate imaging markers associated with early disease-related changes and progression in Parkinson’s disease. However, all classification results should be regarded as exploratory and warrant further validation in larger, independent cohorts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}