Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Increased functional connectivity between motor and arousal brainstem nuclei and sensorimotor cortex in therapy resistant depression","authors":"Zeinab Houjaije ,&nbsp;Rasmus Schülke ,&nbsp;Christopher Sinke ,&nbsp;Nima Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Mike P. Wattjes ,&nbsp;Tillmann H.C. Krüger ,&nbsp;Alborz Bastami ,&nbsp;Anastasia Gaspert ,&nbsp;Lara Schütze ,&nbsp;Selina Heim ,&nbsp;Alexandra Neyazi ,&nbsp;Stefan Bleich ,&nbsp;Helge Frieling ,&nbsp;Hannah Benedictine Maier","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neural correlates of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are not fully elucidated. Brainstem functional connectivity (FC) in TRD has rarely been investigated, despite the assumed role of several brainstem nuclei in depression.</div><div>23 patients and 23 sex- and age-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional MRI. Seed-based connectivity (SBC) was calculated for 37 brainstem seeds with motor and arousal functions. Correlations between significant FC and somatic symptom severity were computed.</div><div>FC of dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, cuneiform nucleus and periaqueductal gray to the precentral and postcentral gyrus was increased. The anterior division of the mesencephalic reticular formation showed increased FC to left frontal pole, left superior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, whereas its lateral division showed decreased FC to frontal orbital and insular cortex, compared to healthy subjects. FC of bilateral locus coeruleus to bilateral postcentral gyrus were positively correlated with depressive symptoms and the intensity of somatic symptoms.</div><div>We found increased FC between brainstem and sensorimotor and frontal cortical regions in TRD patients compared to healthy controls. Increased brainstem-cortical FC appeared to be linked with depressive and somatic symptom severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological impact of childhood sexual abuse in men: A diffusion tensor imaging study","authors":"Michel Vezarov ,&nbsp;Carley Fall ,&nbsp;Jessie Moorman ,&nbsp;Zhuo Fang ,&nbsp;Elisa Romano ,&nbsp;Andra Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can cause lasting neurodevelopmental changes, posing significant challenges for survivors. Its specific impact on men remains heavily stigmatized and under-researched. This study examined neurophysiological correlates of CSA in men using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A community-based sample of men with CSA histories (<em>n</em> = 15) and controls (<em>n</em> = 13) were recruited from urban centers across Canada. All participants underwent DTI, which measures white matter integrity through fractional anisotropy (FA) values. Group comparisons were conducted using whole-brain voxel-wise and post-hoc region-of-interest (ROI) analyses with Bonferroni correction. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and power were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to controls, the CSA group showed significantly lower FA values in the right posterior cingulum (<em>d</em> = 1.28, <em>p</em> = 0.002), superior frontal gyrus (<em>d</em> = 1.13, <em>p</em> = 0.006), anterior thalamic radiation (<em>d</em> = 1.19, <em>p</em> = 0.004), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (<em>d</em> = 1.90, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). These differences remained significant after Bonferroni adjustment. Lower FA values were also observed in the left anterior cingulum and right forceps minor, though these did not meet adjusted significance thresholds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides empirical evidence of the long-lasting neurophysiological impact of CSA in men. The observed white matter differences may underlie the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive difficulties often experienced by this population. These results are discussed in the context of destigmatizing male CSA and helping clinicians better understand the neurophysiological factors affecting their patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic indicators for mild-cognitive-impairment obtained from dimension reduction of brain networks","authors":"Xinmeng Weng,&nbsp;Minghuan Xu,&nbsp;Zhanxiong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is irreversible. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the first symptomatic stage of AD. Distinguishing MCI patients from healthy controls (HCs) through appropriate techniques is critical for early therapeutic interventions and prolonging patients’ health. In this study, we explored characteristic indicators for MCI through dimension reduction of brain networks. After the brains (100 HCs and 100 MCIs from ADNI dataset) were partitioned into 360 parcels, one-dimension time series was extracted from diffusion and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data using network dimension-reduction techniques. Power-spectrum was then employed to transform the time series into frequency domain, to find characteristic indicators for MCI. Statistical tests indicate that the indicators (mean square frequency, and center frequency) estimated with brain network reductions could differentiate MCIs from HCs more significantly, compared with those of BOLD time series of specific AD-related subregions (hippocampus, and parieto-temporal subregions). Power-spectrum of one-dimension time series extracted with network reductions might be a viable method for distinguishing MCI progression stages. This approach could potentially facilitate earlier and more precise differentiation between MCIs and HCs, showing future clinical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered neural reward activation predicts clinical depression improvement after a novel loving-kindness meditation: a multimodal neuroimaging study","authors":"Zhaohua Chen ,&nbsp;Chun Cui ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Sun ,&nbsp;Wenjun Xiang ,&nbsp;Fei Liang ,&nbsp;Qin Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) has become the second largest risk factor affecting human health, with a progress in its treatment especially non-pharmacological therapies. The loving-kindness meditation (LKM) has been introduced to depression but is not popular due to requirement on awareness and concentration, and its utilization in clinical MDD is absent as well as exploration on neural mechanism. This study aims to develop a more feasible novel therapy—loving-kindness meditation integrating cognition and behavior (LKM-CB), examine its effect on clinical depression, and further explore its neural mechanism by multimodal neuroimaging.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In study 1, the knowledge about love and the behavior of love were integrated into the LKM to form a LKM-CB, to better activate patients with cognitive and behavioral approach. It was further utilized to 30 MDD patients (31 controls). Study 2 further explored the neural mechanism behind the LKM-CB with 16 MDD patients, who underwent a structural MRI, resting-state fMRI, and reward card-guessing task fMRI before and after the LKM-CB.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Study 1 developed a novel 8-week LKM-CB and found that compared with control group, LKM-CB significantly improved clinical depression in intervention group. Study 2 further showed that after LKM-CB intervention, patients showed lower activation in frontal-striatum especially middle orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate (AC) and insula for win and neutral outcome and anticipation following a loss feedback, while they showed higher activation in frontal-striatum including medial/middle-OFC and hippocampus for loss outcome and anticipation following a win feedback. Similar increased ALFF activation and grey matter in frontal cortex was also found. In contrast, patients showed higher activation in non-reward temporal-occipital cortex for loss and neutral outcome and anticipation following a loss feedback, while they showed decreased temporal-occipital ALFF activation and grey matter.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study develops a novel LKM-CB, which is effective in improving clinical depression. After the LKM-CB, there is dissociation in the neural reward activation pattern between reward anticipation (hyperactivation) and reward outcome (hypoactivation), and a hypoactivation in non-reward temporal-occipital cortex. This study provides a new feasible LKM-CB for non-pharmacological therapy of MDD, and to our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the neural mechanism behind the efficacy of LKM in depression therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroanatomical subtyping for schizophrenia with machine learning","authors":"Ibrahim Sungur ,&nbsp;Simay Selek ,&nbsp;Kaan Keskin ,&nbsp;Asli Ceren Hinc ,&nbsp;Furkan Yazici ,&nbsp;Elif Ozge Aktas ,&nbsp;Yigit Erdogan ,&nbsp;Ali Saffet Gonul","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder with significant variability in neurobiological and clinical presentations. In this study, we aimed to investigate neuroanatomical subtypes of schizophrenia using a data-driven machine-learning algorithm. Structural MRI data from 222 participants (136 schizophrenia patients and 86 healthy controls) were analyzed. Subtypes were identified using HYDRA (Heterogeneity Through Discriminative Analysis), a semi-supervised machine learning algorithm designed to reveal disease-related patterns while minimizing the influence of normal anatomical variation followed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis to compare these subtypes with healthy controls. The study identified two subtypes among schizophrenia patients. Subtype 1 showed widespread lower grey matter volumes in several cortical regions, mainly in the insula, cingulate, frontal, and temporal regions. Subtype 2 demonstrated increased subcortical volumes, pallidal volumes relative to controls and thalamus, hippocampus relative to subtype 1. Despite significant neuroanatomical differences, the subtypes did not differ in demographic or clinical characteristics. These findings highlight the potential of machine learning to disentangle structural heterogeneity in schizophrenia, offering a refined framework for neuroanatomical subtyping. Identifying distinct subtypes may contribute to personalized treatment approaches and enhance the precision of future clinical and research efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time fMRI neurofeedback modulates auditory cortex activity and connectivity in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations: A controlled study","authors":"Clemens C.C. Bauer ,&nbsp;Jiahe Zhang ,&nbsp;Francesca Morfini ,&nbsp;Oliver Hinds ,&nbsp;Paul Wighton ,&nbsp;Yoonji Lee ,&nbsp;Lena Stone ,&nbsp;Angelina Awad ,&nbsp;Kana Okano ,&nbsp;Melissa Hwang ,&nbsp;Jude Hammoud ,&nbsp;Paul Nestor ,&nbsp;Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli ,&nbsp;Ann K. Shinn ,&nbsp;Margaret A. Niznikiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Hypothesis</h3><div>Auditory hallucinations (AHs) affect 60–80 % of schizophrenia patients and often resist antipsychotic treatment. AHs involve superior temporal gyrus (STG) hyperactivity and disrupted auditory-cognitive control connectivity. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback (NFB) enables voluntary modulation of targeted brain regions. We previously showed STG-targeted NFB with mindfulness meditation reduced STG activation and AHs in one session. However, whether effects are specific to hallucination-related regions versus placebo, and whether NFB modulates broader networks, remained unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>This randomized, sham-controlled trial examined NFB specificity and network effects. Twenty-three adults with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and medication-resistant hallucinations practiced mindfulness meditation while receiving neurofeedback from either STG (<em>n</em> = 10, Real-NFB) or motor cortex (<em>n</em> = 13, Sham-NFB control). Sham participants subsequently received Real-NFB, providing within-subject comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Study Results</h3><div>Both groups showed reduced AHs post-NFB without group differences. However, compared to Sham-NFB, Real-NFB produced greater reductions in secondary auditory cortex activation and connectivity between auditory cortex and cognitive control regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate). These connectivity reductions persisted in the Real-after-Sham condition. Both groups showed reduced primary auditory cortex activation, suggesting mindfulness meditation independently regulates bottom-up hallucination processes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Region-specific NFB targeting produces distinct neural changes beyond symptom reduction. STG-targeted NFB differentially modulates auditory-cognitive control networks, potentially restoring the disrupted balance between bottom-up sensory processing and top-down control in AHs. These findings highlight the importance of anatomically-informed NFB targets and provide mechanistic insights for developing precision interventions for treatment-resistant psychiatric symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"fMRI features in recent suicide attempters performing the future imagination task","authors":"Milad Esmaeil-Zadeh ,&nbsp;Morteza Fattahi ,&nbsp;Nafee Rasouli ,&nbsp;Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh ,&nbsp;Majid Abbasi Sisara ,&nbsp;Ehsan Rajab ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Jafari ,&nbsp;Seyed Kazem Malakouti","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A negative future outlook increases vulnerability to depression and suicide. Understanding neural mechanisms of future-oriented thinking may reveal insights into suicide risk. This study used fMRI to identify brain activation patterns during future imagination in individuals with recent suicide attempts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty-two participants were grouped as recent suicide attempters with major depressive disorder (SA+MDD), depressed individuals without suicide history (MDD), and healthy controls (HC). Diagnoses were confirmed via SCID-5-RV. Participants performed a block-designed future imagination task with positive and negative scenarios during fMRI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to MDD, the SA+MDD group showed increased activation in the left orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral cingulate, insula, and inferior frontal gyrus, but decreased activity in the left parahippocampus and postcentral gyrus. During positive imagination, greater activation was observed in the right orbitofrontal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and left superior temporal regions. Psychologically, SA+MDD individuals had lower “reasons for living” and higher suicidal ideation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Recent suicide attempters exhibit heightened neural responses to negative future events, reflecting increased threat perception and emotion dysregulation. Hyperactivation in reward-related areas may facilitate suicidal behavior as escape from psychological pain, while reduced episodic memory engagement impairs adaptive planning. Targeting hemispheric imbalances offers potential for suicide prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderating effect of insulin resistance on the relationship between cortical surface area and cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia","authors":"Chen Lin ,&nbsp;Mengzhuang Gou ,&nbsp;Shujuan Pan ,&nbsp;Jinghui Tong ,&nbsp;Yanfang Zhou ,&nbsp;Ting Xie ,&nbsp;Ting Yu ,&nbsp;Yanli Li ,&nbsp;Yimin Cui ,&nbsp;Baopeng Tian ,&nbsp;Shuping Tan ,&nbsp;Zhiren Wang ,&nbsp;Xingguang Luo ,&nbsp;Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Junchao Huang ,&nbsp;Song Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Yin ,&nbsp;Yunlong Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to brain structure and cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine whether IR mediates or moderates the association between cortical surface area (CSA) and cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (PFES).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We enrolled 140 PFES and 190 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale were used to assess cognitive function and psychopathology, respectively. The CSA was determined using 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. Serum insulin and glucose levels were measured for calculating the Homeostasis Model of Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MCCB composite score and subscores for the HCs were significantly higher than those for the PFES (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In the PFES, the CSA was significantly positively correlated with the MCCB composite score and with subscores in some domains (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, in patients, HOMA-IR positively moderated the association between the left precentral CSA and two MCCB domains: Reasoning and Problem Solving, and Visual Learning. HOMA-IR also positively moderated the association between Verbal Learning and CSA in the left middle temporal gyrus and the right caudal anterior cingulate gyrus (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cognitive deficits were worse in PFES than in HCs. Moreover, HOMA-IR moderated the association between cortical structure and cognitive function, which might provide clues about the mechanisms of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of anorexia nervosa on structural morphometry of the brain in adolescents and adults after weight recovery: A systematic review","authors":"Shelby D. Leverett ,&nbsp;Sinaida Cherubin ,&nbsp;Maria Roche-Dean (Assistant Professor) ,&nbsp;Bridget E. Weller (Professor)","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To systematically review the evidence for 1) the effect of acute anorexia nervosa and weight recovery on aspects of structural morphometry of the brain, and 2) how these effects may differ between adolescents and adults.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We used the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. We searched online databases (Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and PsychINFO) and identified relevant studies. Eligible studies were longitudinal and included a healthy control group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies often demonstrated global and regional grey matter volumes among individuals with acute anorexia nervosa compared to healthy controls, which increased following weight recovery. Grey matter volumes normalized in adolescents following weight recovery but remained smaller in recovered adults relative to their healthy controls. White matter volumes (globally and regionally) were largely unaffected by either phase of anorexia nervosa (e.g., acute and recovered). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes were elevated in individuals with anorexia compared to healthy counterparts, but volumes normalized following weight recovery. However, the decrease in CSF volume was only found for adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The structural morphometry of the brains of adults and adolescents with anorexia appears to be differentially affected by weight restoration. Future longitudinal research is needed that uses a consistent definition of recovery, and more diverse participants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution mapping of alcohol-related brain connectivity in adults using 7T fMRI and multivoxel pattern classification","authors":"Alan N. Francis,&nbsp;Ihsan M. Salloum","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emerging evidence suggests that alcohol use disrupts large-scale brain network interactions, particularly within the triple network model—comprising the Salience Network (SN), Default Mode Network (DMN), and Frontoparietal Network (FPN). However, few studies have examined how these connectivity alterations vary across the full spectrum of alcohol consumption, especially using ultra-high-field imaging and data-driven approaches. This study leverages 7 Tesla resting-state fMRI and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to characterize distinct brain connectivity patterns across heavy, moderate, and non-drinking adults, aiming to identify neural signatures that differentiate alcohol use severity levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed resting-state functional connectivity data from 69 adults (Mean age - 28.96; SD - 3.49; Range: 22–36) [41M, 28F] drawn from the Human Connectome Project. Participants were stratified into three matched groups (n=23 each): heavy alcohol users (HA), moderate users (MA), and non-users (NA). Alcohol consumption was quantified using the Achenbach Self-Report (ASR) and the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA). Functional connectivity within and between the SN, DMN, and FPN was assessed using both traditional seed-based analyses and MVPA. Between-group differences (HA vs. MA, HA vs. NA, MA vs. NA) were evaluated using Bonferroni corrected statistical tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to non-users, alcohol users showed widespread increases in both intra- and inter-network functional coupling. The most striking differences emerged between HA and MA groups, with MVPA revealing unique hyperconnectivity signatures that distinguished these subgroups. Notably, HA individuals demonstrated reduced connectivity between the superior lateral occipital cortex and the precuneus, and hypoconnectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and language-related regions. No significant sex differences were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides the first evidence from 7T MRI and MVPA that distinct functional connectivity profiles can discriminate levels of alcohol use severity in adults. The observed triple network hyperconnectivity—particularly between heavy and moderate users—may reflect early neurofunctional reorganization or compensatory mechanisms preceding the onset of alcohol use disorder. These findings advance the search for neurobiological markers of risk and resilience along the continuum of alcohol use and underscore the utility of high-field neuroimaging coupled with machine learning in addiction neuroscience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}