Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Decoding pulvinar dysfunction in parkinson's disease dementia: Linking brain networks and structural alterations to cognitive impairment","authors":"Behcet Ayyildiz ,&nbsp;Burak Yulug ,&nbsp;Sevilay Ayyildiz ,&nbsp;Bernis Sutcubasi ,&nbsp;Ali Behram Salar ,&nbsp;Ruhat Arslan ,&nbsp;Ufuk Sakul ,&nbsp;Seyda Cankaya ,&nbsp;Lutfu Hanoglu ,&nbsp;Halil Aziz Velioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to examine functional connectivity and grey matter volume differences in the pulvinar sub-regions between healthy controls (HCs) and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with dementia. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and T1-weighted images were collected from 20 HCs (10 males, 10 females; mean age 65.45±7.53) and 20 PD patients with dementia (9 males, 11 females; mean age 66.75±7.87). Functional data were pre-processed using SPM12 and CONN software. ROI-based rs-fMRI and grey matter volume analyses were conducted to compare functional connectivity and grey matter volume, respectively. After controlling for age, education, and gender, PD patients with dementia showed significantly lower functional connectivity of the right anterior pulvinar (PuA) to bilateral temporal regions (Cluster 1: <em>p</em> = 0.000919 and Cluster 2: <em>p</em> = 0.038627, FDR-corrected) and reduced right PuA volume compared to HCs (<em>p</em> = 0.044). These functional differences correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores (cluster 1 <em>r</em> = -0.641, <em>p</em> = 0.006), as well as with right PuA volume loss (cluster 1: <em>r</em> = 0387, <em>p</em> = 0.016 and cluster 2: <em>r</em> = 0.350, <em>p</em> = 0.031). The findings suggest that reduced functional connectivity and volume in the right anterior pulvinar are associated with cognitive symptoms in PD with dementia, highlighting the pulvinar’s role in cognitive deficits linked to neurodegeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 112179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered spontaneous activity and functional connectivity of the cingulate gyrus is correlated with anxiety in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo","authors":"Jianmin Zheng ,&nbsp;Wei Fu ,&nbsp;Yijun Li ,&nbsp;Yuanqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Guorui Hou ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Guo ,&nbsp;Minwen Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to apply the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the relationship between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and anxiety.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>30 healthy subjects and 30 patients with diagnosis of unilateral idiopathic BPPV were recruited. All patients underwent generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) evaluations and fMRI. The ALFF method was used to assess the spontaneous brain activity. We further analyze the functional connectivity (FC) to explore changes in remote connectivity of the cingulate gyrus in patients with BPPV.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In contrast to healthy controls, BPPV patients exhibited increased scores in GAD-7 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The ALFF increased in the bilateral putamen, bilateral pallidum and right middle cingulate gyrus (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the mean ALFF values in the right middle cingulate gyrus displayed significant positive correlations with the GAD-7 scores (<em>r</em> = 0.38, <em>p</em> = 0.03). Furthermore, the patients with BPPV showed significantly increased FC between the right middle cingulate gyrus and the left cerebellum Crus I (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). GAD-7 scores was positively correlated with the FC between the right middle cingulate gyrus and the left cerebellum Crus I (<em>r</em> = 0.39, <em>p</em> = 0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BPPV patients showed altered spontaneous activity in the right middle cingulate gyrus, which was associated with anxiety. And FC between the right middle cingulate gyrus and the left cerebellum Crus I was increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 112183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147348857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perspective on the necessity and brain network principles for combining tDCS with psychotherapy in OCD","authors":"Li Qi ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing evidence explores the potential of combining psychotherapy with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to facilitate meaningful clinical changes. A recent study outlines a protocol for a randomized controlled trial of tDCS-enhanced exposure and response prevention (ERP) for obsessive-compulsive disorder. In light of the variable efficacy reported for tDCS monotherapy, we discuss the theoretical support for this combined approach, emphasizing the activity-selectivity hypothesis and state-dependent fear extinction. Furthermore, we suggest that therapeutic benefits might emerge from broader network synergy and connectivity reconfiguration rather than local excitability changes alone, indicating the potential value of multimodal neuroimaging in elucidating these dynamic mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 112173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of voxel-mirrored homotopy connections in patients with schizophrenia","authors":"Tangyu Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study investigated alterations in voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. It further explored the associations between these neural alterations and clinical profiles. The findings aim to enhance the understanding of interhemispheric dysconnectivity in schizophrenia and may offer clues for identifying potential neurobiological substrates of the disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 38 schizophrenic individuals who attended the psychiatric department were recruited as the experimental group, and 35 healthy volunteers from the medical examination centre were enrolled as the control group during the same time period. Scanning of the subject's entire brain using 3.0T MRI. we finally analysed the correlation between voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) values and disease severity, disease duration and cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) VMHC values were significantly lower in the bilateral lingual gyrus in the case group compared to the control group(p&lt;0.05). (2)After applying rigorous False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons, the reduction in lingual gyrus VMHC remained specifically and positively correlated with poorer performance in delayed memory (p&lt;0.05,Cohen's d = -1.09). Nominal associations with illness duration and overall symptom severity did not survive this statistical correction. (3) The VMHC values were positively correlated with the total cognitive scale score and the delayed memory factor score (p&lt;0.05, q&lt; 0.015).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study identifies a robust reduction in interhemispheric functional connectivity within the lingual gyrus of chronic, medicated schizophrenia patients. Critically, the extent of this reduction is specifically linked to the severity of memory impairment, rather than to general symptom profiles. These findings highlight the role of aberrant homotopic connectivity in visual association cortex in the cognitive pathophysiology of schizophrenia and provide a focused neurobiological correlate for future mechanistic and longitudinal investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 112143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local and network neural activations and their associations with sleep parameters during threat conditioning and extinction in persons with generalized anxiety disorder with and without insomnia disorder","authors":"Jeehye Seo ,&nbsp;Cagri Yuksel ,&nbsp;Katelyn I. Oliver ,&nbsp;Carolina Daffre ,&nbsp;Huijin Song ,&nbsp;Natasha B. Lasko ,&nbsp;Emma R.S. McCoy ,&nbsp;Mohammed R. Milad ,&nbsp;Byoung-Kyong Min ,&nbsp;Edward F. Pace-Schott","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deficient extinction learning and memory are hypothesized mechanisms for pathological anxiety that are associated with sleep disturbance. fMRI neural activations to threat conditioning, extinction learning, and extinction recall were measured. Activations were compared, in persons with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), between those with moderate to severe Insomnia Disorder (ID) and those with absent or sub-threshold ID. Relationships of activations with measures of sleep quality and physiology were examined. Between-group comparisons and whole-sample correlation with sleep parameters were examined in relation to large-scale brain networks using a liberal cluster-determining threshold. Localized activations were then identified using family-wise error correction. Activations to the reinforced stimulus (CS+) that increased from the beginning to end (“across”) threat conditioning were more extensive within the GAD+ID group. Increased activations to the CS+ across extinction learning were greater within the GAD-ID than the GAD+ID group, and delayed 24 h in the latter. Greater sleep efficiency was associated with decreased activations across threat conditioning, but with increased activations across extinction learning. Better sleep quality promoted greater engagement of neural substrates of extinction learning. The GAD+ID group failed to engage brain areas supporting extinction learning immediately following threat conditioning, but did so when stimuli were again presented following a delay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 112152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEFF-ViT: A locally enhanced vision transformer framework for accurate Alzheimer’s Disease classification from brain MRI","authors":"Shruti Pallawi,&nbsp;Dushyant Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is critical for effective disease management and progression delay. Researches have been done in past towards better study of Alzheimer's, but advancements in feature engineering-cum-learning methodologies have still created scope to overcome the limits of previous methods and achieve more accurate modelling and classification. Here, we propose a novel model, LEFF-ViT (Locally Enhanced Feedforward Vision Transformer), for AD classification along with a framework culminating an idea of using separate segmented brain subregions as a marked feature engineering element. For this Segmentation of MRI images are done to extract White Matter (WM), Gray Matter (GM), and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) regions using a Deep Residual Squeeze-Inception U-Net (De-RIS U-Net). Subsequently, a novel DWFE-Net is employed to extract discriminative spatial features. Finally, LEFF-ViT integrates a Vision Transformer with Multi-Head Self-Attention and a Locally Enhanced Feedforward Network (LFFN) to effectively capture both local and global contextual information for accurate classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 98.68 %, a sensitivity of 96.45 %, a specificity of 98.17 %, a Dice score of 96.36 %, and a Jaccard index of 92.31 %, which nearly outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods across multiple evaluation metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 112155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain structural and functional alterations in adolescents with borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and a research agenda","authors":"Xueying Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Yi ,&nbsp;Qian Xiao ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Fu ,&nbsp;Liying Shen ,&nbsp;Jinfan Zhang ,&nbsp;Feifei Wu ,&nbsp;Han Wu ,&nbsp;Alessandro Grecucci ,&nbsp;Bihong T. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adolescent borderline personality disorder (aBPD) is linked to severe psychological problems and social dysfunction in the affected adolescents. However, the neural bases of this disorder are still poorly understood. The objective of this review is to summarize the current understanding of brain structural and functional alterations identified by neuroimaging methods and to propose future research directions. This systematic review identified widespread alterations of three main brain networks in aBPD, i.e., the Central Executive Network, the Default Mode Network, and the Affective Network. We also provide insights for future research using novel analytical techniques and artificial intelligence, to facilitate the identification of potential neuroimaging biomarkers for aBPD. The potential for targeting the dysfunctional networks via neurostimulation method is also discussed from a theoretical and hypothesis-generating perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 112181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147309490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the application value of multi-slice spiral CT and multimodal MRI in screening patients with bipolar disorder","authors":"Yandong Si ,&nbsp;Yan Yu ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Fan ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Bipolar</h3><div>disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric condition. Multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), offer potential tools for improving diagnostic accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate application value of multi-slice spiral CT and multimodal MRI in screening patients with BD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 150 participants (75 BD patients and 75 age- and sex-matched healthy controls). Participants underwent comprehensive psychiatric evaluation, MSCT scanning, and multimodal MRI including structural, functional, and diffusion tensor imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MSCT revealed significant reductions in gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex (350±45 vs. 385±50 cm³, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), anterior cingulate cortex (120±15 vs. 135±18 cm³, <em>p</em> = 0.002), and temporal lobes (250±30 vs. 280±35 cm³, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) in BD patients. Multimodal MRI demonstrated decreased functional connectivity within the default mode network (correlation coefficient: 0.45±0.10 vs. 0.60±0.08, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and reduced fractional anisotropy in white matter tracts. Combined MSCT and multimodal MRI showed superior diagnostic performance (sensitivity 92 %, specificity 90 %, AUC 0.95) compared to individual modalities (MSCT: AUC 0.80; MRI: AUC 0.90). Imaging findings significantly correlated with clinical measures, including YMRS scores (<em>r</em>=-0.42, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and GAF scores (<em>r</em> = 0.35, <em>p</em> = 0.003).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Combined application of MSCT and multimodal MRI significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy for bipolar disorder compared to either modality alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 112178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147348800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG markers of mind wandering as predictors of sustained attention in pediatric ADHD","authors":"Maryam Azimi ,&nbsp;Reza Kazemi ,&nbsp;Masoume Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi ,&nbsp;Behrooz Dolatshahi","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mind wandering (MW) refers to a shift from task-related, stimulus-driven thoughts to internally generated thoughts. While commonly experienced, particularly among individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it remains understudied in children, especially through objective measures such as neural markers. This study aimed, first, to examine differences in neural activation and functional connectivity related to MW between typically developing children and those diagnosed with ADHD. Second, it explored how these neural markers relate to sustained attention in children with ADHD, with the goal of identifying objective indicators for diagnosis. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess current source density and lagged functional connectivity across 13 brain regions associated with MW. Participants completed the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA), which measures auditory and visual sustained attention. Children with ADHD showed distinct patterns of neural activation and connectivity, including increased delta and decreased beta connectivity. These changes were accompanied by increased activity in the default mode network (DMN) and impaired regulation by the executive control network (ECN). In addition to the DMN (commonly linked to MW), several non-DMN regions and their connectivity were also associated with various aspects of sustained attention, including focus, vigilance, comprehension, and persistence. These findings highlight the contribution of MW to attentional deficits in ADHD and underscore its potential as a measurable and clinically meaningful feature of ADHD psychopathology, with important implications for both diagnosis and intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 112163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic effects of a single dose nutritional ketone ester supplement on brain glucose and ketone metabolism in alcohol use disorder","authors":"Xinyi Li ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Young ,&nbsp;Zhenhao Shi ,&nbsp;Juliana Byanyima ,&nbsp;Sianneh Vesslee ,&nbsp;Rishika Reddy ,&nbsp;Timothy Pond ,&nbsp;Mark Elliott ,&nbsp;Ravinder Reddy ,&nbsp;Robert K. Doot ,&nbsp;Jan-Willem van der Veen ,&nbsp;Henry R. Kranzler ,&nbsp;Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga ,&nbsp;Jacob G. Dubroff ,&nbsp;Corinde E. Wiers","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2026.112154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute alcohol use reduces brain glucose metabolism while increasing uptake of acetate, a byproduct of alcohol. This metabolic shift persists in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and may offer a treatment target. Recent studies show that ketone therapies can lessen alcohol withdrawal and cravings. In this study, we tested whether a single dose of a ketone ester (KE) supplement affects brain energy use and alcohol craving. Ten participants (five with AUD, five healthy controls) received two FDG-PET brain scans—one after taking 395 mg/kg KE and one at baseline—in a randomized order. Additionally, five AUD participants underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure cingulate β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). KE lowered blood glucose and increased BHB in both groups. Brain scans revealed a 17% reduction in glucose metabolism, especially in the frontal, occipital, and cingulate cortices, as well as the hippocampus, amygdala, and insula. No major differences were observed between AUD and control groups. KE significantly reduced alcohol craving in AUD participants and tripled cingulate BHB levels. These findings suggest that a single KE dose can rapidly shift brain energy use from glucose to ketones, and may help reduce cravings in AUD, supporting its potential as a therapeutic approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 112154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}