Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Alterations in cortical thickness of frontoparietal regions in patients with social anxiety disorder","authors":"Dasom Lee ,&nbsp;Ye-Ha Jung ,&nbsp;Suhyun Kim ,&nbsp;Yoonji Irene Lee ,&nbsp;Jeonghun Ku ,&nbsp;Uicheul Yoon ,&nbsp;Soo-Hee Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although functional changes of the frontal and (para)limbic area for emotional hyper-reactivity and emotional dysregulation are well documented in social anxiety disorder (SAD), prior studies on structural changes have shown mixed results. This study aimed to identify differences in cortical thickness between SAD and healthy controls (CON). Thirty-five patients with SAD and forty-two matched CON underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. A vertex-based whole brain and regional analyses were conducted for between-group comparison. The whole-brain analysis revealed increased cortical thickness in the left insula, left superior parietal lobule, left superior temporal gyrus, and left frontopolar cortex in patients with SAD compared to CON, as well as decreased thickness in the left superior/middle frontal gyrus and left fusiform gyrus in patients (after multiple-correction). The results from the ROI analysis did not align with these findings at the statistically significant level after multiple corrections. Changes in cortical thickness were not correlated with social anxiety symptoms. While consistent results were not obtained from different analysis methods, the results from the whole-brain analysis suggest that patients with SAD exhibit distinct neural deficits in areas involved in salience, attention, and socioemotional processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 111804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925492724000271/pdfft?md5=ab9b0776d30778436fce5d637a1a5b7c&pid=1-s2.0-S0925492724000271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140003347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal functional connectivity of the intrinsic networks in adolescent bipolar I versus bipolar II disorder","authors":"Qian Xiao ,&nbsp;Gui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The symptoms of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD)-I and PBD-II differ, but accurate identification at an early stage is difficult and may prevent effective treatment of this disorder. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate a biological marker based on objective imaging indicators to help distinguish the two. Therefore, this research aims to compare the functional connectivity between PBD-I patient and PBD-II patient in different brain networks.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Our study enrolled 31 PBD-I and 23 PBD-II patients from 12 to 17 years of age. They were analyzed by resting state-functional connectivity through Independent component analysis (ICA).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found differences between PBD-I and PBD-II in functional connectivity of the default network, frontoparietal network, salience network and limbic system. In addition, the clinical features, cognitive functions are associated with the functional connectivity of the intrinsic networks in PBD-I and PBD-II separately.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This research is the first to find differences in functional connectivity between PBD-I and PBD-II, suggesting that abnormality of the functional connectivity within large networks may be biomarkers that help differentiate PBD-I from PBD-II in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 111802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in DTI studies for diagnoses and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","authors":"Sadegh Masjoodi ,&nbsp;MajidReza Farrokhi ,&nbsp;Behrouz Vejdani Afkham ,&nbsp;Javad Sheikhi Koohsar","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review summarizes the current state of neuroimaging research on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which allows for the examination of white matter abnormalities in the brain. DTI studies on individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) consistently demonstrate widespread reductions in white matter integrity in various regions of the brain, including the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex, which are involved in emotion regulation, decision-making, and cognitive control. However, the reviewed studies often have small sample sizes, and findings vary between studies, highlighting the need for larger and more standardized studies. Furthermore, discerning between causal and consequential effects of OCD on white matter integrity poses a challenge. Addressing this issue may be facilitated through longitudinal studies, including those evaluating the impact of treatment interventions, to enhance the accuracy of DTI data acquisition and processing, thereby improving the validity and comparability of study outcomes. In summary, DTI studies provide valuable insights into the neural circuits and connectivity disruptions in OCD, and future studies may benefit from standardized data analysis and larger sample sizes to determine whether structural abnormalities could be potential biomarkers for early identification and treatment of OCD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 111794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of depression and perceived physical fatigability with white matter integrity in older adults","authors":"Chemin Lin ,&nbsp;Fang‐Cheng Yeh ,&nbsp;Nancy W. Glynn ,&nbsp;Theresa Gmelin ,&nbsp;Yi-Chia Wei ,&nbsp;Yao-Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Chih-Mao Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Chiau Shyu ,&nbsp;Chih-Ken Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgrounds</h3><p>Fatigability is prevalent in older adults. However, it is often associated with depressed mood. We aim to investigate these two psychobehavioral constructs by examining their underpinning of white matter structures in the brain and their associations with different medical conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-seven older adults with late-life depression (LLD) and 34 cognitively normal controls (CN) underwent multi-shell diffusion MRI. Fatigability was measured with the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale. We examined white matter integrity by measuring the quantitative anisotropy (QA), a fiber tracking parameter with better accuracy than the traditional imaging technique.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found those with LLD had lower QA in the 2nd branch of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-II), and those with more physical fatigability had lower QA in more widespread brain regions. In tracts associated with more physical fatigability, the lower QA in left acoustic radiation and left superior thalamic radiation correlated with higher blood glucose (<em>r</em> = - 0.46 and - 0.49). In tracts associated with depression, lower QA in left SLF-II correlated with higher bilirubin level (<em>r</em> = - 0.58).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Depression and fatigability were associated with various white matter integrity changes, which correlated with biochemistry biomarkers all related to inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 111793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdiagnostic symptom of depression and anxiety associated with reduced gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex","authors":"Anna C. Cichocki ,&nbsp;Richard E. Zinbarg ,&nbsp;Michelle G. Craske ,&nbsp;Iris K.-Y. Chat ,&nbsp;Katherine S. Young ,&nbsp;Susan Y. Bookheimer ,&nbsp;Robin Nusslock","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dimensional models of psychopathology may provide insight into mechanisms underlying comorbid depression and anxiety and improve specificity and sensitivity of neuroanatomical findings. The present study is the first to examine neural structure alterations using the empirically derived Tri-level Model. Depression and anxiety symptoms of 269 young adults were assessed using the Tri-level Model dimensions: General Distress (transdiagnostic depression and anxiety symptoms), Anhedonia-Apprehension (relatively specific depression symptoms), and Fears (specific anxiety symptoms). Using structural MRI, gray matter volumes were extracted for emotion generation (amygdala, nucleus accumbens) and regulation (orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) regions, often implicated in depression and anxiety. Each Tri-level symptom was regressed onto each region of interest, separately, adjusting for relevant covariates. General Distress was significantly associated with smaller gray matter volumes in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, independent of Anhedonia-Apprehension and Fears symptom dimensions. These results suggests that prefrontal alterations are associated with transdiagnostic dysphoric mood common across depression and anxiety, rather than unique symptoms of these disorders. Additionally, no regions of interest were associated with Anhedonia-Apprehension or Fears, highlighting the importance of studying transdiagnostic features of depression and anxiety. This has implications for understanding mechanisms of and interventions for depression and anxiety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 111791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139732509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroanatomical comparison of treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive schizophrenia patients using the cloud-based brain magnetic resonance image segmentation and parcellation system: An MRIcloud study","authors":"Esra Porgalı Zayman ,&nbsp;Mehmet Fatih Erbay","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent developments in neuroimaging have improved our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. However, neuroimaging findings in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore potential neuroanatomical regions that may be associated with treatment resistance in schizophrenia patients by comparing neuroanatomical regions of TRS and non-TRS patients using the MRICloud method. A total of 33 schizophrenia patients (meeting DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia) were included in the study. Patients were dichotomized into TRS (<em>n</em> = 18) and non-TRS (<em>n</em> = 15) groups, and all patients underwent MRI. Neuroanatomical regions of TRS and non-TRS patients were compared using the MRICloud method. Disease severity was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Interestingly, a statistically significant greater left Corpus Collosum (CC) thickness was found in TRS patients compared to non-TRS patients. It is clear that further studies comparing TRS patients with non-TRS patients are needed, and these studies should focus on the circuits in the corpus callosum that are thought to play a role in treatment resistance. Further longitudinal studies are also needed to complement the cross-sectional studies, using a multimodal imaging approach in the patients with clearly defined TRS criteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 111789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139649044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of first-episode illness characteristics and cumulative antipsychotic usage to progressive structural brain changes over a long-term follow-up in schizophrenia","authors":"Tuomas Konttajärvi ,&nbsp;Marianne Haapea ,&nbsp;Sanna Huhtaniska ,&nbsp;Lassi Björnholm ,&nbsp;Jouko Miettunen ,&nbsp;Matti Isohanni ,&nbsp;Matti Penttilä ,&nbsp;Graham K. Murray ,&nbsp;Hannu Koponen ,&nbsp;Anthony C. Vernon ,&nbsp;Erika Jääskeläinen ,&nbsp;Johannes Lieslehto","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to antipsychotics as well as certain first-episode illness characteristics have been associated with greater gray matter (GM) deficits in the early phase of schizophrenia. Whether the first-episode illness characteristics affect the long-term progression of the structural brain changes remain unexplored. We therefore assessed the role of first-episode illness characteristics and life-time antipsychotic use in relation to long-term structural brain GM changes in schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ, <em>n</em> = 29) and non-psychotic controls (<em>n</em> = 61) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 underwent structural MRI at the ages of 34 (baseline) and 43 (follow-up) years. At follow-up, the average duration of illness was 19.8 years. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess the effects of predictors on longitudinal GM changes in schizophrenia-relevant brain areas. Younger age of onset (AoO), higher cumulative antipsychotic dose and severity of symptoms were associated with greater GM deficits in the SZ group at follow-up. None of the first-episode illness characteristics were associated with longitudinal GM changes during 9-year follow-up period. We conclude that a younger AoO and high life-time antipsychotic use may contribute to progression of structural brain changes in schizophrenia. Apart from AoO, other first-episode illness characteristics may not contribute to longitudinal GM changes in midlife.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 111790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925492724000131/pdfft?md5=3c1e1df09126ec0211aa8e6e44b2170a&pid=1-s2.0-S0925492724000131-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changed brain entropy and functional connectivity patterns induced by electroconvulsive therapy in majoy depression disorder","authors":"Siyu Fan ,&nbsp;Jiahua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Yue Yu ,&nbsp;Hao Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuan yuan Guo ,&nbsp;Yang Ji ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Pang ,&nbsp;Yanghua Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective is to innovatively integrate both linear and nonlinear characteristics of brain signals in Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) research, with the goal of uncovering deeper insights into the pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and identifying novel targets for other physical intervention therapies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We measured brain entropy (BEN) in 42 MDD patients and 42 matched healthy controls (HC) using rs-fMRI data. Brain regions that differed significantly in patients with MDD before and after ECT were extracted. Then, we use these brain regions as seed points to investigate the differences in whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns before and after ECT.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to HCs, patients had higher BEN levels in the right precuneus (PCUN.R) and right angular gyrus (ANG.R). After ECT, patients had lower BEN levels in the PCUN.R and ANG.R. Compared with before ECT, patients showed significantly increased RSFC after ECT between the PCUN.R and right middle temporal gyrus and ANG.R. Significantly increased RSFC was observed between the ANG.R and right middle frontal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus after ECT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Combining the linear and nonlinear characteristics of brain signals can effectively explore the pathogenesis of depression and provide new targets for ECT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 111788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating the default mode network: Antidepressant efficacy of transcutaneous electrical cranial-auricular acupoints stimulation targeting the insula","authors":"Ma Yue ,&nbsp;Xu Peng ,&nbsp;Guo Chunlei ,&nbsp;Luo Yi ,&nbsp;Gao Shanshan ,&nbsp;Sun Jifei ,&nbsp;Chen Qingyan ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Bai ,&nbsp;Liu Yong ,&nbsp;Zhang Zhangjin ,&nbsp;Rong Peijing ,&nbsp;Fang Jiliang","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Transcutaneous electrical cranial-auricular acupoint stimulation (TECAS) is a novel non-invasive therapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) that stimulates acupoints innervated by the trigeminal and auricular vagus nerves. However, there are few neuroimaging studies involving the TECAS for the treatment of MDD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the treatment response and neurological effects of TECAS using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A total of 34 patients with mild-to-moderate MDD and 34 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. After an eight-week treatment the primary outcome was clinical response, defined as a baseline-to-endpoint ≥ 50 % reduction in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17). The low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) method were used to investigate the brain abnormalities of MDD patients and HCs, and altered brain networks were analyzed between pre- and post-treatment using seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found no significant differences in terms of gender, age, and years of education between the two groups. After treatment, the response rate was 58.82 %. Compared to HCs, MDD patients showed lower ALFF values in the left insula(<em>t = −4.298,P &lt; 0.005</em>), the insula-based FC revealed in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG)/ right superior frontal gyrus, orbital part (ORBsupmed) <em>(t = −5.29,P &lt; 0.005)</em> and the right anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC)were decreased <em>(t = −6.08,P &lt; 0.005)</em>. Furthermore, Compared to pre-treatment, abnormal FC values in the ACC /orbital superior frontal gyrus (SFG) <em>(t</em> <em>=</em> <em>3.42,P &lt; 0.005)</em> and left superior frontal gyrus (SFG)/ supplement motor area (SMA) were enhanced <em>(t</em> <em>=</em> <em>3.34,P &lt; 0.005)</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>TECAS exhibits antidepressant efficacy, particularly influencing the insula-based functional connections within the Default Mode Network (DMN) related to emotion processing in individuals with MDD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 111787"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging in the study of mental disorder: A systematic review","authors":"Qiuyu Lv ,&nbsp;Xuanyi Wang ,&nbsp;Pan Lin ,&nbsp;Xiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dopamine and norepinephrine are implicated in the pathophysiology of mental disorders, but non-invasive study of their neuronal function remains challenging. Recent research suggests that neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) techniques may overcome this limitation by enabling the non-invasive imaging of the substantia nigra (SN)/ ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic and locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic systems. A review of 19 studies that met the criteria for NM-MRI application in mental disorders found that despite the use of heterogeneous sequence parameters and metrics, nearly all studies reported differences in contrast ratio (CNR) of LC or SN/VTA between patients with mental disorders and healthy controls. These findings suggest that NM-MRI is a valuable tool in psychiatry, but the differences in sequence parameters across studies hinder comparability, and a standardized analysis pipeline is needed to improve the reliability of results. Further research using standardized methods is needed to better understand the role of dopamine and norepinephrine in mental disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 111785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}