Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Biomass Yield and Quality Parameters of Sesban (Sesbania sesban L.) Varieties in Irrigated Lowland of Dassench District of South Omo, SouthWestern, Ethiopia","authors":"D. Hidosa","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000374","url":null,"abstract":"of rainfall per annum which ranged from 500-2000mm with ambient temperature which averaged from 17 °C-20 °C in loose sandy to heavy clay soils [13,14]. The biomass yield of Sesbania species was reported up to 20ton/ha under more favorable agro-ecologies, while the world reported average forage biomass yields are ranging from four to twelve tons from a hectare per year [15]. Sesban foliage (stems + leaves) had crude protein content above 22% and with moderate-to-low cell wall content [16]. The dry matter degradability (DMD %) of Sesbania species was reported up to 75%, while in live goats DMD measured from the 66-71% [17]. Moreover, it reported that cattle, sheep and goats fed to diets contained different inclusion levels of Sesbania leaves showed better nutrient metabolism as compared to control animals ABSTRACT This study was conducted to quantify biomass yield and quality parameters of five Sesbania sesban varieties in irrigated lowland of Dassench district. The Sermemiret Kebele from Dassench district was selected for on-farm trial. The five Sesbania sesban varieties such as DZ-2002, DZ-0040, DZ-0079, DZ-0073 and DZ-32 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications per variety. The biomass yield, plant height, branches per plant and quality parameters were analyzed by using GLM procedure of SAS and Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used for mean separation. Result from present study showed that higher biomass yield (17.66ton/ha) was obtained from DZ-32 variety, while the lower biomass yield (8.95ton/ha) recorded from DZ-0073 variety. However, DZ-0079 variety had higher (p<0.05) crude protein (268.10g/kg, DM), while DZ-32 variety had lower crude protein (186.70g/kg, DM). Based result from this study, it was concluded that DZ-32 variety was best candidate to improve biomass supply for enhanced production from livestock.","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128432071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathologic Finding and Pathophysiology Pathway of Moluskum Kontangiosum","authors":"Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000373","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Molluscum contagiosum is endemic in densely populated communities, poor hygiene, and poor areas. This disease mainly affects children, adults with active sexual activity and immunodeficiency status. Transmission can be through direct contact with active lesions or autoinoculation, indirect transmission through sharing personal tools such as towels, razors, hair clippers and transmission through sexual contact. The prevalence of Molluscum contagiosum in the world varies. In the US it is 33%, in Mali 3.6%, in Australia the overall seropositivity rate is 23%, in East Africa it is 52% in children aged 2 years. The incidence of molluscum contagiosum worldwide is estimated at 2% 8%, with a prevalence of 5% 18% in HIV/AIDS patients. Molluscum contagiosum virus type-1 (MCV-1) was the most common subtype found in patients, whereas MCV-3 was rare. For example, analysis of 106 clinically isolated MCVs indicated the presence of MCV-1, -2, and -3 in an 80:25:1 ratio. In addition, MCV-2 was found to be more common in adults. Discussion: Cystic changes in superficial MCV lesions may occur. There is a small ostium opening to the skin surface, which potentially connects the MCV and facilitates the extension of the MCV from the infected EIC to the adjacent skin. Several poxviruses can determine persistent infection in cell culture. The rate of infection in adults with AIDS raises the possibility of reactivation of subclinical infection in the setting of immunosuppression. While genital lesions are found in sexually active adults.Histopathology of molluscum contagiosum shows a proliferation of stratum spinosum cells that form lobules with central cellular and viral debris. The intraepidermal lobules are separated by connective tissue septa and the molluscum bodies in the lobules are found in the form of round or oval cells that undergo keratohyaline degeneration. In the stratum basalis, there is a picture of cell mitosis with enlarged basophilic nuclei. In the advanced phase, cells that undergo a cytoplasmic vacuolization process can be found and eosinophilic globies are obtained. In several cases of molluscum contagiosum lesions with secondary infection, the predominant inflammatory picture of lymphocytes and neutrophils was found on histopathological examination. Conclusion: Widespread involvement of eczematous areas has been described in patients with atopic dermatitis and is associated with skin disorders, use of topical steroids, and/or underlying disorders. Patients with HIV infection have a marked increase in infection. It was first noted in the early years of the AIDS epidemic that molluscum contagiosum in HIV-infected people was recognized as a common opportunistic infection. Both prevalence and severity of disease increase with increasing immunodeficiency, with lesions increasing in up to one third of patients with CD4 cell counts of 100 cells/mm or below. Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur 2022 Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science Open Acc J Bi","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130879456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Colorectal Cancer Screening in South Africa: Consideration for National Risk Differentiated Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme\"","authors":"S. Magwaza","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000372","url":null,"abstract":"The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, SS. 8-12 No. 108 of 1996 second Amendment Act, No. 3 of 2003, highlight the bill of rights in chapter two, ensuring access to health care services for all its citizens. This article attempts to advocate for a structured risk differentiated national colorectal cancer screening programme to raise awareness; prevent; and promote early detection of colorectal cancer in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121445008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"A Review of Iodine Nutrition Situation in Bhutan; Historical Milestones\"","authors":"H. Pokhrel","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000371","url":null,"abstract":"Iodine is a micronutrient required for production of thyroid hormones which plays a critical role in metabolism. Iodine deficiency can lead to many severe effects throughout the human life cycle and is collectively termed as iodine deficiency disorders. Salt fortification is an effective intervention to improve iodine nutrition in the population. In Bhutan, iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) were universally present with the first nationwide survey conducted in 1983, reporting a total goiter rate of 64.5%. This lead to establishment of ‘Nutrition Section’ in the Directorate of Health and the Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program (IDDCP) in planning commission in 1985. Several public health interventions were undertaken to address this public health burden; salt iodization and distribution, iodized oil injections, establishment of the Bhutan Salt Enterprise in Phuntsholing and program evaluation. Since then, many assessments were conducted to evaluate the program all of which reported significant improvements. In 2003 an external monitoring team confirmed that Bhutan was the first country in WHO SEARO to have eliminated IDD as a public health problem. An assessment conducted in 2010 reported that Bhutan was sustaining the IDD elimination status achieved in 2003. Constant program improvements and investments are required to sustain this achievement. Iodine content of various salt brands needs to be analyzed from time to time to regulate import control and surveys must be conducted periodically for program evaluation.","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133045736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Related to Animal Welfare in the Commercialization of Bovine Livestock According to the Chilean Legislation: A Review","authors":"R. Letelier","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000370","url":null,"abstract":"distress ABSTRACT Animal welfare determines the state with which the individual copes with environmental alterations, it is evaluated mainly with biochemical, behavioral, productive, and physiological parameters, allowing to provide them with optimal conditions to improve their quality of life. Production systems expose cattle to stressful situations that alter animal welfare, largely due to increased human-animal interaction. In Chile, Law 20.380, together with decrees 28, 29 and 30 of the Ministry of Agriculture regulate the transport, slaughter, and maintenance of animals in different establishments. However, at present, there are still alterations in animal welfare throughout the production process, reflected in behavioral parameters such as vocalizations and falls, as well as failures in handling by operators and in the process of herding or stunning. The aim of this work was to analyze the factors related to animal welfare in the commercialization of cattle in accordance with Chilean legislation, generating a practical guide for the evaluation of animal welfare based on behavioral manifestations and suggestions for the appropriate handling of cattle..","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125426134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Audit Report on Compliance to Hepatitis B Vaccination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Primary Health Care Centre in Qatar","authors":"Maxwell Sleiman","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000368","url":null,"abstract":": Numerous infectious diseases can be prevented in adults through a vaccination strategy.” The hepatitis B disease was found to be greater in diabetic patients. Since 2011, the American Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recommended that diabetic patients be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of contracting hepatitis B virus infection and its complications. Aim : The purpose of this study was to determine compliance with the audit criterion for hepatitis B vaccination among diabetic patients and to recommend changes in practice to improve hepatitis B vaccination coverage among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients under the age of 60. Methodology : A random sample of 50 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus aged less than 60 years who presented to Umm Ghuwailina Health Centre (UMG-HC) during the study period will be evaluated for hepatitis B vaccination records during the audit period, which runs from August 1 st to October 31 st, 2019. Results : Only 8% (6.8% men and 9.5% women) in the audit group had received hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was found to be low in patients with diabetes mellitus, indicating their vulnerability to this deadly disease. Conclusion : Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was extremely low among a randomly selected diabetic population in a primary health care centre in Qatar. This may increase the risk of infection with hepatitis B in this population. In patients with diabetes, the hepatitis B vaccine is immunogenic and has a similar safety profile to vaccination in healthy controls. Due to the fact that increasing age is generally associated with a decline in seroprotection rates, the hepatitis B vaccine should be administered as soon as possible following diabetes diagnosis. Much work is required to raise awareness among health care providers and diabetic patients about the importance of hepatitis B vaccination.","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"273 18-20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132844939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sinonasal Melanoma: About Two Cases and Literature Review","authors":"B. Amina","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000369","url":null,"abstract":"anatomopathological study of the specimen numerous arranged in tangled bundles, dissociated by more or thickened fibrous trabeculae, the tumor cells are sometimes strongly pigmented and represent voluminous nuclei, The mitotic index is evaluated at 30 mitoses per 10 CFG. This tumor destroys the on the surface and infiltrates the dermis and hypodermis as well as the nostril cartilage. The breslow index was evaluated at 9 mm in the deepest zone, no vascular emboli or peri-nervous sheathing, the immunohistochemical study showed tumor cells positive for anti- PS100, anti-HMB45 and anti-Melan A, anti-CD34, anti-CK, anti-AMI, anti-desmin, anti- Hcaldesmone were negative in the tumor cells; the histological and IHC aspect of a desmoplastic malignant melanoma, ulcerated, Clark level V was retained. The case was discussed in a multidisciplinary ENT (ear - nose-throat) oncology consultation meeting and the decision was to perform a recent extension assessment and radiotherapy. ABSTRACT Mucosal malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is a rare tumor, given their rarity and the absence of randomized trials, the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these tumors is difficult. We report two cases of mucosal malignant melanoma of nasal cavity and through the literature data we review the different aspects of this rare entity. Both patients underwent surgical excision with removal of the tumor. The radiotherapy was delivered with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique. The prognosis remains unfavorable despite therapeutic progress.","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117134739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of Non-Dipping Blood Pressure Variations in Juvenile, Middle-Aged, And Adult Kazakhs","authors":"H. Kawamura","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000367","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile, middle-aged, and elderly Kazakhs have been found to exhibit non-dipping blood pressure variations (BPV). Such variations are seen more often in middle-aged and elderly Kazakhs than in juvenile Kazakhs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether non-dipping BPV become more common in Kazakhs with advancing age and to compare the characteristics of non-dipper and dippers in order to clarify the effects of ageing on non-dipping type BPV. We performed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Juvenile, middle-aged, and elderly Kazakhs were enrolled. Each age group was further divided into those with dipping and non-dipping type BPV. We analyzed systolic blood pressure (SBP) variations with the maximum entropy method (MEM). Dippers and non-dippers accounted for 81% and 19% of the juvenile Kazakhs, 48% and 52% of the middle-aged Kazakhs, and 28% and 72% of the elderly Kazakhs, respectively. MEM analysis revealed that among the middle-aged and elderly Kazakhs the SBP variations of the non-dippers exhibited a 24-hour periodicity with a weak power spectral density as well as an ultradian periodicity. These features may have contributed to the generation of a decreased circadian rhythm in SBP, and thus, ultimately led to the non-dipping SBP variations observed in the middle-aged and elderly non-dipping Kazakhs. The non-dipping type BPV may have resulted from an effect of aging in Kazakhs since non-dipping BPV variations were more common in middle-aged and elderly Kazakhs than in juvenile Kazakhs.","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122055778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune System: A Determining Factor in the Severity, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 Infection","authors":"N. Rouzbahani","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000366","url":null,"abstract":"HA-ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 is the enveloped virus with a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome which causes a new outbreak of acute respiratory disease and deadly epidemics. Bat is the important reservoir host of SARS-CoV-2. The robust immune system of bats turns viral strains with mild pathogenesis into a highly pathogenic species for humans. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system of the hosts plays a great role in the fate of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunopathology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be taken into consideration in the development of preventative and therapeutic methods. Based on the accumulated data and knowledge on the previous related articles, this review hopes to help understand the role of the immune response in virulence exacerbation, pathogenesis, and ultimately immunological treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117266950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling Covid-19 Needs More Than Just A Vaccine; It Requires An Integrated Control Strategy","authors":"E. Abdallah","doi":"10.38125/oajbs.000365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000365","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing worldwide pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which outbroke in December 2019 in China (Wuhan) and quickly spread around the world, is the most widespread and devastating infection in the present time [1]. This virus produces a severe lower respiratory tract infection, with viral pneumonia occurring in roughly 75% of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Despite the fact that the mortality rate associated with COVID-19 is only 2%, much less than the earlier zoonotic coronavirus epidemics such as 10 % for Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and 30% for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) [2], and. 50% for Ebola. Accordingly, COVID-19 is not the deadliest viral disease. However, COVID-19 is more contagious than SARS and MERS and its high spread rate is fraught with hazards, requiring stringent policies and plans [3]. Interestingly, the wide range of animal species vulnerable to COVID-19 clearly implies that these viruses have the potential to overcome the species barriers, especially given the frequent interactions between predators and other small mammals that might aid interspecies transmission [4]. The scientific community has put forth a lot of efforts to combat this pandemic, and as a result, a range of vaccines have been developed. COVID-19 variants are constantly emerging, which is unfortunate. Without intervention, vaccination against COVID-19 alone could lead to continued dissemination and the generation of new variants [5], necessitating the continuous use of booster doses. In addition to continuing to develop more effective vaccinations, new integrated strategies must be established. Accordingly, the suggested integrative strategy should include:","PeriodicalId":207626,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131099012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}