Immune System: A Determining Factor in the Severity, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 Infection

HA-ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 is the enveloped virus with a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome which causes a new outbreak of acute respiratory disease and deadly epidemics. Bat is the important reservoir host of SARS-CoV-2. The robust immune system of bats turns viral strains with mild pathogenesis into a highly pathogenic species for humans. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system of the hosts plays a great role in the fate of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunopathology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be taken into consideration in the development of preventative and therapeutic methods. Based on the accumulated data and knowledge on the previous related articles, this review hopes to help understand the role of the immune response in virulence exacerbation, pathogenesis, and ultimately immunological treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.