Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive review of usefulness of sodium butyrate for the management of inflammatory bowel disease: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application.","authors":"Katarzyna Karłowicz, Konrad Lewandowski, Edyta Tulewicz-Marti, Grażyna Rydzewska","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.159719","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.159719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium butyrate (SB), a salt of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, has emerged as a promising adjunctive therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is commonly associated with intestinal dysbiosis characterized by depletion of butyrogenic bacteria. This leads to a functionally relevant butyrate deficiency that contributes to epithelial barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and persistent mucosal inflammation. Experimental studies demonstrate that butyrate supports colonocyte energy metabolism, strengthens tight-junction integrity, enhances mucin and antimicrobial peptide production, and promotes epithelial repair. These effects are mediated through immunomodulatory pathways, in particular involving G-protein-coupled receptor activation and histone deacetylase inhibition. Clinically, SB has shown therapeutic potential primarily in ulcerative colitis, with more limited data in Crohn's disease. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the clinical utility of SB supplementation in patients with IBD and outlines the mechanistic basis supporting its therapeutic application.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13085030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential role of serum miR-182-5p and miR-127-5p in diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its relationship with insulin resistance.","authors":"Tarek I Ahmed, Esraa A Mahmoud, Naglaa R Ismael, Omayma O Abdelaleem, Nada F Hemeda, Heba A El-Dash, Khalifa Abeer A, Ragab A Ali","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.160545","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.160545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The most widespread chronic hepatic illness nowadays is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which has a higher risk of several complications including progression to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). New clinical research has established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are causative factors in the progression of MASLD, which could be used as diagnostic biomarkers and help in producing new treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sixty adult patients with MASLD and 50 healthy individuals were incorporated in the current work. Serum miR-182-5p and miR-127-5p expression levels were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to healthy controls, patients with MASLD exhibited significantly downregulated serum levels of miR-182-5p and miR-127-5p (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Also, significant negative correlations were observed between miR-182-5p and miR-127-5p with the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (<i>r</i> = -0.304; <i>p</i> = 0.022, and <i>r</i> = -0.299; <i>p</i> = 0.028, respectively) indicating their association with insulin resistance, which is considered one of the hallmarks of MASLD. Serum miR-182-5p and miR-127-5p levels as predictive biomarkers for MASLD were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>miR-182-5p and miR-127-5p could serve as novel biomarkers for MASLD diagnosis and may offer a novel approach for the disease's therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 1","pages":"73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13085031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of surgical treatment in chronic pancreatitis - a single centre study.","authors":"Michał Hampel, Agnieszka Surowiecka-Pastewka, Marta Matejak-Górska, Karolina Olech, Jakub Leicht, Iga Płachta, Marek Durlik","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.161942","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.161942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pancreatitis (CP), a disease that develops as a result of repeated episodes of pancreatic inflammation and associated fibrosis, restricting functional exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function and causing severe upper abdominal pain. Treatment strategies include conservative therapy, consisting of a step-up approach with pharmacological and lifestyle modifications. For more advanced cases, endoscopic or surgical interventions are proposed. However, the exact role and qualification criteria for surgical management have not been established yet. In this cohort study, we analysed the results of surgical interventions in 388 patients with CP performed in the years 2004-2024 in our centre, including drainage procedures and resections. We assessed the overall results of the intervention, the possible complications (assessed by Clavien-Dindo classification), and the risk of occurrence. Also, the surgery results and the complication risk between the groups of patients who underwent respective procedures were compared. The findings indicate that surgery remains an important tool in CP management, and organ-preserving procedures may be successful in pain control and overall quality of life improvement. It is emphasised that personalised surgical strategies should be the basis of CP management, and the therapy choice must be established by an experienced multidisciplinary team consisting of gastroenterologists, endoscopists, radiologists, and surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 2","pages":"215-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESCUE-CD - Real-world effectiveness of risankizumab in moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease: a case series involving the most refractory and challenging patients.","authors":"Konrad Lewandowski, Katarzyna Karłowicz, Joanna Sarbinowska, Maciej Gonciarz, Dagmara Mahadea, Liliana Łykowska-Szuber, Piotr Eder, Anna Chaber-Ciopińska, Edyta Zagórowicz, Grażyna Rydzewska","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.159896","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.159896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Selective interleukin-23 (IL-23) blockade with risankizumab (RZB) is effective in moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD), but evidence in highly refractory populations remains limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We assessed real-world effectiveness and safety of RZB in a retrospective multicenter case series of adult patients with CD previously exposed to multiple biologics and small molecules, including selected cases of dual-targeted therapy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Patients from four Polish tertiary IBD centers who initiated standard-dose RZB before 1 December 2025 were included. Disease activity was evaluated using the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Primary endpoints were clinical response and remission at week 12 and last follow-up. Secondary endpoints included corticosteroid (CS)-free remission, CS dose reduction, improvement in extraintestinal manifestations and perianal disease, and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen highly refractory patients were analyzed (mean age: 35.2 years; mean disease duration: 13.9 years). Baseline disease activity was severe (mean: CDAI 376); 71.4% had perianal disease and 78.6% had prior CD-related surgery. CDAI declined rapidly, with a mean reduction of 279 points at last observation. At week 12, clinical response and remission were achieved in 85.7% and 57.1% of patients, respectively, increasing to 78.6% remission at follow-up. CS-free remission increased from 50.0% to 71.4%; all CS-treated patients reduced steroid dose, and 87.5% reported improvement in perianal fistulas. One mild adverse event was observed, with no serious adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RZB showed high and durable effectiveness with a favorable safety profile in an exceptionally refractory real-world CD population, supporting IL-23 p19 inhibition as a valuable late-line therapeutic option.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 1","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13085036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalised therapy in pancreatic carcinoma - a forthcoming opportunity?","authors":"Iga Płachta, Marek Durlik","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.160362","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.160362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite overall advancements in oncological treatment, therapeutic approach remains limited, especially for advanced disease. Precision medicine, basing on the patient's unique characteristics, including environment, lifestyle, genetics, and disease profile, may complete the cancer management. Starting from the current therapeutic algorithms, this review explores the potential role of personalised treatment as a key to improve the outcomes. Molecular classification based on identification of genetic mutations aids better therapy selection in view of the disease heterogeneity. Patient-derived organoids help in adjusting the current treatment standards to specific tumours, assessing the potential treatment efficacy before the introduction of therapy, whereas the mRNA vaccines, as the novel adjuvant approach, may support the achievement of long-term survival. The proposed opportunities could facilitate the treatment strategies, and continued research is essential for improving patient survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13085037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut-liver axis in cirrhosis: bacterial translocation, immune dysregulation, and the impact of microbiota in diverse aetiologies.","authors":"Karolina M Wronka, Joanna Raszeja-Wyszomirska","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.164954","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.164954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cirrhosis is the final common pathway of many chronic liver diseases and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent advances have revealed that the gut microbiota and the phenomenon of bacterial translocation play a fundamental role in the progression and complications of cirrhosis. This includes the development of hepatic encephalopathy, systemic inflammation, renal dysfunction, and sarcopenia. This comprehensive review explains the gut-liver axis in cirrhosis, the mechanisms and clinical consequences of bacterial translocation, the features of dysbiosis across different aetiologies such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and the immune dysregulation characteristic of cirrhotic patients. We also highlight how these processes contribute to major complications such as hepatic encephalopathy and sarcopenia, and we discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 3","pages":"315-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrotising fasciitis arising from a drain site in a 35-year-old male following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.","authors":"Gjergj Andrea, Francesk Mulita, Agron Dogjani, George Theofanis, Elias Liolis, Zafeiria Papathanassiou, Andreas Antzoulas, Konstantinos Tasios, Theodora Skoura, Theodore Voudoukis, Dimitrios Litsas, Nikolas Drakos, Antonios Katsantonis, Vasileios Leivaditis","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.164967","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.164967","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 3","pages":"399-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncostatin M as a key predictive factor for anti-TNF-<b>α</b> response in inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Magdalena Kaniewska, Konrad Lewandowski, Małgorzata Zagozda, Juliusz Wilk, Małgorzata Cicha, Grażyna M Rydzewska","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.165268","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.165268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reliable biomarkers are needed to predict response to anti-TNF-α therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum oncostatin M (OSM) as a marker of response to anti-TNF-α therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A secondary endpoint was the identification of additional factors that may influence the response to anti-TNF-α treatment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 135 patients treated with infliximab or adalimumab. Serum OSM and faecal calprotectin levels were measured at baseline and after 14 weeks of therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline OSM levels were significantly lower in responders than in non-responders (MD = -348.07; 95% CI: -400.72 to -242.96; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and demonstrated high accuracy in predicting treatment outcomes (AUC = 0.908; 95% CI: 0.848-0.960; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Patients with baseline OSM concentrations below 216.82 pg/ml were more likely to respond to therapy, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 77%. Baseline faecal calprotectin levels showed low-to-moderate predictive value for treatment response (AUC = 0.690; 95% CI: 0.589-0.780; <i>p</i> = 0.005). A significant difference in treatment response was observed with respect to prior exposure to biologic therapy (23.9% vs. 69.8%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), with a moderate association strength as measured by Cramér's V (V = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28-0.59).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several factors - including age, disease location, concomitant IBD-associated spondyloarthropathy, calprotectin levels - may influence the response to anti-TNF-α therapy. However, only low serum OSM concentration was consistently associated with a better treatment response and may represent a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target in IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 3","pages":"367-379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of colorectal adenocarcinoma among Iraqi patients: a pathological analysis.","authors":"Ahmed Raji","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.165037","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.165037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Colorectal adenocarcinoma is a significant health concern in Iraq, with variations in demographic and histopathological characteristics compared to global trends.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study retrospectively analysed 120 colorectal carcinoma cases from multiple medical centres in Iraq to assess patient demographics, pathological features, and disease staging. Data were gathered, and variables were examined statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean patient age was 58.6 years, with 35% of cases occurring in individuals under 50 years old, indicating a trend toward earlier onset. A slight male predominance was observed (54.2% male vs. 45.8% female). Tumour location was most frequently in the left colon (41.7%), followed by the right colon and rectum (29.2% each). Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathological type (66.7%), and 75% of patients presented with advanced disease stages (Stage II or III). Adverse prognostic factors, including lymphovascular invasion (37.5%), perineural invasion (25%), and tumour budding (16.7%), were also noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results underscore the need for enhanced screening programs and public health initiatives in Iraq to promote early detection and improve colorectal cancer outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 3","pages":"327-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual case of pancreatic metastasis from malignant melanoma. The diagnostic work-up to arrive at a final diagnosis.","authors":"Maria Massara, Evrydiki Christakos, Francesk Mulita, Elias Liolis, Vasileios Leivaditis, Konstantinos Tasios, Evangelos Fergadis, Georgia Hardavella, Elisavet Konstantellou, Konstantinos Stefanidis","doi":"10.5114/pg.2026.161904","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2026.161904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":"21 2","pages":"233-235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}