A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth最新文献

{"title":"Geoffrey of Monmouth and Race","authors":"Coral Lumbley","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_015","url":null,"abstract":"Geoffrey of Monmouth’s De gestis Britonum abounds with human collectivities which he variously identifies as nationes, gentes, and populi. An abbreviated list of the text’s cast of collectivities includes Trojans, Britons, Romans, Saracens, Burgundians, Huns, Basques, Irish, Scythians, Picts, Scots, Flemings, Armoricans, Africans, Saxons, Normans, and Christians, a group that, for Geoffrey, is theoretically synonymous with the humanum genus, the “human race”, as a whole.1 This capacious representation of Britain’s history, in which the eponymous Britons develop a sophisticated civilization through interaction with a diverse set of peoples, revolutionized historical writing in Britain. We know that Geoffrey wrote for an elite Anglo-Norman audience in the early 1130s, and that his work, shedding (fictional) light on the mysterious lost history of the Welsh, was wildly popular among Welsh, Anglo-Norman, and, eventually, English audiences. The socio-political agenda of Geoffrey’s intervention in the Anglocentric histories of Britain available to Anglo-Norman newcomers in Britain, however, is less understood. Did Geoffrey’s text serve to denigrate the Welsh or to elevate their status? Did Geoffrey support Anglo-Norman colonialism in Britain or did he critique it? Was Geoffrey Welsh, Anglo-Norman, or both, and how did his own identity inform his historiography? While these questions cannot be answered simply, we may better understand Geoffrey’s intervention in the socio-political shifts of his time through analysis of the racial logics undergirding his work.2 Such an analysis reveals that Geoffrey","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122130408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The De gestis Britonum in Castile","authors":"Paloma Gracia","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_019","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the De gestis Britonum in Castile was profound and extensive. There are two characters in particular that truly transcend and are recreated again and again in different ways: one is Brutus, whose story is incorporated to a greater or lesser extent in different works, among which stands out the General estoria of Alfonso X; the other is Merlin, in his capacity as a prophet, particularly because the collection of prophecies inserted in the DGB is incorporated, almost in its entirety, into the Baladro del sabio Merlín con sus profecías published in 1498 and in the version edited in 1535. Even if we were to leave aside any short or superficial echo of the DGB, of which there are many, the influence of the DGB in Castilian historiography and in Arthurian romance was very important; the connection between Brutus and the Trojan myth expanded the influence of the DGB, and Merlin’s reputation as a necromancer revived a lagging, though interesting, prophetic genre.","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127838153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Most Excellent Princes: Geoffrey of Monmouth and Medieval Welsh Historical Writing","authors":"O. Jones","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_011","url":null,"abstract":"Hywel Fychan ap Hywel Goch of Buellt wrote this entire manuscript lest word or letter be forgotten, on the request and command of his master, none other than Hopcyn son of Tomos son of Einion ... And in their opinion, the least praiseworthy of those princes who ruled above are Gwrtheyrn and Medrawd [Vortigern and Mordred]. Since because of their treachery and deceit and counsel the most excellent princes were ruined, men whose descendants have lamented after them from that day until this. Those who suffer pain and subjection and exile in their native land.1","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127370333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Byzantine Reception","authors":"Thomas Crofts","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_018","url":null,"abstract":"Whither has winged fame not conveyed and published the name of Arthur the Briton even as far as Christian rule extends? Who, I say, does not speak of Arthur the Briton, when he is considered almost more famous among the peoples of Asia than among the Britons, as our pilgrims returning from the East tell us? The eastern peoples speak of him, the Western peoples speak of him, with the whole world stretching between them. Egypt speaks of him; nor is the sheltered Bosporus silent. Rome, the queen of cities, sings of his deeds; nor are Arthur’s battles unknown to her former rival Carthage. Antioch, Armenia, and Palestine praise his exploits.2","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"481 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132180656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reception of Geoffrey of Monmouth in the Crown of Aragon","authors":"Nahir I. Otaño Gracia, Ramón Muntaner","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_020","url":null,"abstract":"The reception of Geoffrey of Monmouth in Catalonia and the Crown of Aragon demonstrates that the De gestis Britonum was an important component in the creation of a textual, historical, and mythical Catalan identity. Despite the dearth of primary materials available, scholars have found information de-rived from the DGB in several texts produced by the Crown of Aragon.1 These texts include a partial translation into Catalan of the DGB as well as other historiographical records and the Crónicas of Ramon Muntaner (1325–28). The use of the DGB in these contexts connect Geoffrey’s work with the creation of a mythical and historical lineage for the Crown of Aragon. Some scholars, including myself, suggest that the use of the DGB in the 13th and 14th centu-ries helped legitimize the ideologies of expansion of the Crown of Aragon.2 The historiographical records follow a pattern from other Christian Peninsular texts to create a Spanish genealogy, and the Crónicas , an account of Catalan chivalry, aim to demonstrate Catalan superiority.3 This entry contextualizes","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131137569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reception of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Work in Italy","authors":"F. Falco","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_027","url":null,"abstract":"The reception of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s work in medieval Italy is an integral part of two fascinating veins of inquiry: the early appearance of the Matter of Britain in Italy and its evolution in various social, political, and cultural contexts around the Peninsula.1 At the beginning of the 12th century, before the De gestis Britonum was written, an unedited Arthurian legend was carved on Modena Cathedral’s Portale della Pescheria, a stop for pilgrims headed to Rome along the Via Francigena.2 Remaining in the vicinity of Modena, the only continental witness of the First Variant Version of the DGB (Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, 982) can be connected to Nonantola Abbey.3 Moving to the kingdom of Sicily, in 1165 the archbishop of Otranto commissioned an enormous mosaic for the cathedral, and Arthur is depicted in one of the various scenes, astride a goat, fighting a large cat.4 To describe Geoffrey of Monmouth’s reception in","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115071519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoffrey of Monmouth’s De gestis Britonum and Twelfth-Century Romance","authors":"F. L. Saux","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_010","url":null,"abstract":"The proto-romance features of the work of Geoffrey of Monmouth and early Anglo-Norman vernacular historians are explored, in particular Gaimar and Wace. The rise of the 'romans d'antiquite' is charted, and their stylistic and thematic influence on the arthurian romance is analysed. This influence is shown to extend to vernacular Bruts (rewritings of Geoffrey's work). Particular attention is given to important remnants of broader narratives dating from the late 12th and early 13th centuries: the Becker fragment, the Harley Brut (London, British Library, Harley 1605 and Harley 4733), the Royal Brut (London, British Library, Royal 13A.xxi)and the Munich Brut (Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Gall. 29).","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114542797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Old Icelandic “Brut”","authors":"Hélène Tétrel, Breta Sögur","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_025","url":null,"abstract":"Breta Sögur, or The Saga of the Britons, is more or less extant in several manuscripts, all of Icelandic origin.1 They are supplemented by a series of fragments and paper copies. It is commonly accepted that there are two versions of the Breta Sögur. The so-called “shorter version”, found in a 14th-century manuscript called Hauksbók, is described as an abridged version. The so-called “longer version”, transmitted principally in Copenhagen, Arnamagnæan Institute, AM 573 4to, is said to be closer to Geoffrey’s De gestis Britonum than the shorter version, and more interested in chivalrous narrative developments. These assumptions are partially true but need to be studied further. It is, indeed, simplifying to refer to these two manuscripts as “two versions”, and the qualifiers (“shorter” as opposed to “longer”) do not always do justice to the text copied in both manuscripts. Moreover, other important witnesses of the Breta Sögur need to be taken into account. There are two 19th-century editions of the Breta Sögur, but neither, though very useful, offers a complete synoptic view.2 This is unfortunate, since the saga is an important witness to the DGB’s transmission in northwestern medieval Europe. Hauksbók (hereafter “Hb”) is a codex divided into three parts. The part bearing shelfmark AM 544 4to contains, among other materials, a translation of The Fall of Troy by Dares Phrygius and a “Brut” starting with a Virgilian prologue. This version (and this version only) includes a versified translation of the PM called Merlínusspá, written by the Icelandic monk Gunnlaugr Leifsson around","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130321300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anglo-Norman and Continental French Reception of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Corpus from the 12th to the 15th Centuries","authors":"J. Blacker","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_023","url":null,"abstract":"1 Given space restrictions, the lists, notes, and references presented here cannot be exhaustive, but are intended to suggest future paths of research. 2 Henry, archdeacon of Huntingdon, was amazed (stupens) to have discovered it at Le Bec in the company of Robert de Torigni, and treated it with caution in his adapted abbreviation of Geoffrey’s DGB, the Epistola ad Warinum (c.1139); see Henry of Huntingdon, History of the English, ed. and trans. D. Greenway, Henry, Archdeacon of Huntingdon: Historia Anglorum. The History of the English People, Oxford, 1996, pp. 558–83, at p. 558; and N. Wright, “The Place of Henry of Huntingdon’s Epistola ad Warinum in the Text-History of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britannie: a Preliminary Investigation”, in G. Jondorf and D.N. Dumville (eds.), France and the British Isles in the Middle Ages and Renaissance: Essays by Members of Girton College, Cambridge, in Memory of Ruth Morgan, Woodbridge, 1991, pp. 71–113. Alfred of Beverley repeated much of Geoffrey’s account of the history of the Britons in his Annales (c.1143), but noted that no contemporary Saxon or Roman historians had commented on Arthur’s conquests: Annales v, ed. T. Hearne, Aluredi Beverlacensis Annales, sive historia de gestis regum Britanniae, libris IX E. codice pervetusto ..., Oxford, 1716, p. 76. William of Newburgh’s scathing criticism of what he considered Geoffrey’s mendacious propaganda is the most well-known; on William’s criticism, and that of Gerald of Wales (each of whom were writing in the 1190s, and the latter who evinced some ambivalence toward the Galfridian material), see, for example, K. Robertson, “Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Translation of Insular Historiography”, Arthuriana 8:4 (1998), 42–57. See also S. Meecham-Jones, “Early Reactions to Geoffrey’s Work”, pp. 181–208 in this volume. 3 Most recently edited as the De gestis Britonum, ed. M. Reeve and trans. N. Wright, Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain: An Edition and Translation of De gestis Britonum [Historia Regum Britanniae], Woodbridge, 2007; for dating, see p. vii. See also Bern, ed. Wright; and The First Variant Version, ed. Wright. 4 Crick, SC and Crick, DR; for references to Crick’s updates in the count, as well as Reeve’s own discoveries, see DGB, pp. vii–viii, n. 5. See also J. Tahkokallio, “Update to the List of Manuscripts of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britanniae”, AL 32 (2015), 187–203; id., “Early Manuscript Dissemination”, in this volume, who counts nearly 80 manuscripts","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127871381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reception of Geoffrey of Monmouth in Wales","authors":"Ben Guy","doi":"10.1163/9789004410398_030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410398_030","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of Geoffrey of Monmouth on medieval Welsh vernacular literature was pervasive. Since many of the themes, characters, and events in Geoffrey’s work had been drawn in the first instance from stories and texts emanating from medieval Wales, it was natural that the Welsh should feel an immediate affinity with Geoffrey’s writings. Although Geoffrey openly disparages the latter-day Welsh at the end of the De gestis Britonum, he did succeed in providing them with a long and glorious past in which the ancestors of the Welsh, the Britons, were associated with the original founding and naming of the kingdom of Britain. Geoffrey helped to confirm prior Welsh historical assumptions and to provide a coherent organizational framework for the mass of inherited Welsh literary-historical tradition. An early manifestation of Geoffrey’s influence may be seen in the pedigree of the kings of Gwynedd and Deheubarth, which absorbed some of Geoffrey’s legendary kings of Britain within only a few decades of the completion of Geoffrey’s DGB around 1138.1 But it was only with the translation of Geoffrey’s DGB into medieval Welsh that his work began to infiltrate popular conceptions of Welsh and British history at a more fundamental level. The translation process may have begun with an attempt to identify Welsh equivalents for the many characters named in the work, as may be evidenced in a poem composed by Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr around 1187.2 By no later than c.1250, however, there had been several attempts at translating the entirety of Geoffrey’s DGB into Welsh. These translations are known collectively as Brut y Brenhinedd (“History of the Kings”).","PeriodicalId":206404,"journal":{"name":"A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth","volume":"316 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114467560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}