Procedia CIRP最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Actual Dressing Depth of Cut of Corundum Wheels and Grinding Speed Ratio on Workpiece Surface Quality and Lead Pattern","authors":"Maria Garcia-Moreno ,&nbsp;Jorge Alvarez ,&nbsp;David Barrenetxea ,&nbsp;Monica Gil-Inchaurza ,&nbsp;Leire Godino","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dressing is a critical step in grinding operations, essential for restoring the wheel’s cutting ability and maintaining surface accuracy throughout production. During rotary dressing, dressing forces may cause the actual dressing depth of cut to deviate from the commanded value, modifying the wheel surface and affecting the subsequent grinding process. This study investigates the influence of the actual dressing depth of cut —estimated from experimentally measured normal dressing forces—on workpiece surface quality (<em>Pt, Sa, Sz</em>) and lead pattern depth <em>Dt</em> when dressing corundum wheels with rotary CVD dressers. Experimental tests were conducted under varying dressing peripheral speed ratios (<em>q_d</em>) and overlap ratios (<em>U_d</em>), combined with integer and non-integer grinding speed ratios (<em>q_ns</em>). Measured dressing forces were used to estimate the effective dressing depth of cut, which was then incorporated into a previously developed three-dimensional kinematic model of rotary dressing and cylindrical plunge grinding. Simulations performed with and without force-based depth correction were compared against experimental results. The results show that neglecting dressing forces results in systematic deviations in the prediction of surface quality and lead pattern depth, particularly at low overlap ratios, whereas incorporating a force-corrected dressing depth improves the agreement between simulated and experimental results. Furthermore, the influence of the grinding speed ratio on surface quality is shown to diminish as the overlap ratio increases. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for dressing forces when modelling dressing–grinding interactions and provide experimental validation of a force-informed kinematic approach for predicting workpiece surface quality and lead pattern formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 448-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148202797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclination-Driven Gear Selection for Smart Bicycles: A Machine-Learning Alternative to Power Meter-Based Shifting","authors":"Michael Oberle ,&nbsp;Sascha Gärtner","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-end bicycles are increasingly equipped with electronic drivetrains that shift automatically. Current commercial systems infer the “right” gear from wheel speed, cadence and rider power input, with the latter obtained from an expensive crank- or pedal-based power meter. The price and integration effort of power meters limit the spread of automatic shifting beyond top-tier models. This paper proposes inclination-based automatic shifting, a concept that eliminates the power meter altogether. A single, low-cost inertial-measurement unit mounted on the frame provides real-time pitch data from which the road gradient is estimated; combined with speed and cadence, the gradient captures most of the situational context that a power-meter offers. A test bicycle was equipped with both a commercial power meter and an off-the-shelf inertial measurement unit and collected three hours of ride data over varied terrain, which included the rider-selected gear. Pitch, speed, and cadence were subsequently utilized to train state-of-the-art time-series classification algorithms, including Rocket, MiniRocket, CNN, and LSTM models, to predict the target gear. These predictions were then compared to those derived from a combination of power meter torque, speed, and cadence-based predictions. The findings suggest that inclination sensing offers a viable and cost-effective approach to mass-market automatic shifting, opening new design opportunities for bicycle manufacturers. Additionally, it presents a data-driven, indirect method for user context estimation, serving as a valuable alternative to consider in the design of new smart products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 73-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural operator assisted efficient flow channel design in cold plate","authors":"Xiangguo Tang ,&nbsp;Qinglu Meng ,&nbsp;Xu Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Xu ,&nbsp;Yingguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow channel design significantly influences the heat dissipation performance of cold plates in thermal management systems. Achieving optimal flow channel designs typically requires large-scale prediction and iterative optimisation of the temperature field. Traditional numerical simulation methods are inefficient for supporting large-scale iterative optimisation due to their high computational cost. Meanwhile, existing data-driven approaches face challenges in establishing high-dimensional mappings between geometric structures and temperature fields directly. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an efficient flow channel design method based on Neural Operator on Riemannian Manifolds (NORM). NORM learns the mapping between geometric structures and temperature fields within finite-dimensional subspaces of Laplacian eigenfunctions, enabling highly efficient prediction of heat dissipation performance. Furthermore, NORM is integrated with the NSGA-II algorithm to substantially enhance the optimisation efficiency of cold plate flow channel design. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through a practical design case of an air cooling cold plate. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimised structures outperform the original design in both thermal dissipation performance and temperature uniformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Level Impact Analysis (CLIA) Approach for Automotive Battery System: OEM Requirements and Case Study","authors":"Yunying Zeng ,&nbsp;Zifeng Zhong ,&nbsp;Katharina Bause ,&nbsp;Albert Albers","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traction battery systems for electrified vehicles currently on the market employ primarily lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In light of increasing system complexity and rapid technological evolution, the automotive industry faces challenges in adequately integrating next-generation battery technologies to meet the stakeholders’ requirements. To support future battery system development, early-stage understanding of the upcoming battery technologies and their impact on higher-level subsystems (module, pack, system) is critical. Existing battery development methods remain domain-specific and fragmented across system hierarchies, lacking holistic consideration from cell chemistry, higher-level (sub)systems up to the vehicle level. Meanwhile, current Systems Engineering (SE) approaches lack specialized application for cross-disciplinary impact analysis in battery systems [1]. We propose the Cross-Level Impact Analysis (CLIA) framework, a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) framework using SysML for systematically modelling dependencies within the battery system and tracing property changes across (sub)systems. To address real-world challenges, integrating frontline OEM perspectives is crucial. Specifically, in-depth discussions with Chinese OEMs are conducted to identify the key requirements for cross-level impact analysis for automotive battery systems. To assess how well the current CLIA approach can fulfill the identified requirements, a comprehensive case study demonstrates CLIA application to quantify the extent of impacts: Changes in anode thickness were traced to cell-level performance (lifetime and capacity), with results aligning with published experimental data. This paper shows the potential of the CLIA approach to prospectively investigate impacts of future battery technology generations and provide strategic decision-making foundations for battery technology roadmaps. Future work will verify CLIA through industrial use cases, focusing on practical deployment of the CLIA to derive boundary conditions for Next-Gen battery system design considering a future battery technology (e.g. all-solid-state battery) with an industry partner to demonstrate and evaluate its applicability and usability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 209-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards AI-Supported Knowledge Graphs for Product Design: A Framework for Domain Knowledge Externalization","authors":"Starchenko Sandra,&nbsp;Burdulea Ilinca-Laura,&nbsp;Gogineni Sonika,&nbsp;Lünnemann Pascal,&nbsp;Lindow Kai","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The externalization of expert domain knowledge remains a bottleneck in developing digital representations of complex technical systems. This challenge is particularly relevant for ontology-based knowledge management, which relies heavily on structured knowledge sources. This paper presents a framework covering all phases of ontology development, initial creation, management, and extension, demonstrating how domain-specific knowledge can be systematically incorporated. Developed using the Design Research Methodology, the framework identifies which steps can be partially automated with artificial intelligence while preserving essential human oversight. Its applicability is outlined in the domain of electric drive systems. The framework is then evaluated through role-specific expert interviews and a follow-up questionnaire, discussing both technical requirements and human-in-the-loop considerations. The resulting framework provides a transferable foundation for ontology modelling in product design and offers insights into the integration of AI-assisted ontology engineering into industrial design processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 298-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aligning AI with human values: Design principles for human-centered AI","authors":"Vincent Philipp Göbels ,&nbsp;Diana Fischer-Preßler ,&nbsp;Jakob Guhl ,&nbsp;Tiziana Manca ,&nbsp;Nathalie Alischer ,&nbsp;Janika Kutz","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) is gaining traction as organizations and policymakers strive to align AI systems with human values and societal needs. While academic research has articulated key HCAI dimensions such as explainability and fairness, industry has operationalized these concepts in practice-oriented guidelines (e.g., Microsoft HAX, Google’s People + AI Guidebook, IBM’s Design for AI Toolkit). Yet a consolidated, research-driven synthesis is still missing. Our study responds to this gap by systematically drawing on peer-reviewed scholarship to distil a set of actionable design principles for AI applications. We conducted a systematic literature review across four major databases (Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ACM), yielding in 178 peer-reviewed papers. From these papers, we inductively coded relevant requirements and principles. This process revealed three core requirements: (1) user perception, (2) functional, and (3) ethical requirements with 22 subdimensions. Thereafter, we conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with industry practitioners and academic experts to critique, refine, and prioritise the identified principles. Using, thematic analysis of the interview data, we mapped expert feedback to the three clusters, revealing both alignment and tension between academic ideals and practical realities. The resulting framework contains 27 design principles anchored in verifiable requirements, which we, based on our interview data, organized in a prioritization matrix. To implement such principles, we also discuss approaches such as interactive explanation, human-in-the-loop governance and value-oriented transparency demonstrating how developers can translate abstract principles into concrete design decisions. By embedding our principles into existing software and MLOps lifecycles, firms can accelerate responsible AI delivery, enhance user trust and show readiness for audits. For researchers, the results contain a consolidated vocabulary and an empirically grounded agenda for evaluating HCAI outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 486-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution Analysis of Wind Turbine Generator Systems with Hierarchical Decision-making Structure","authors":"Zhenfeng Chen ,&nbsp;Quanshun Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decades, intense global competition and the aspiration for green energy have propelled the rapid evolution of wind turbine generator systems (WTGS). Due to the functional and structural complexity and the pursuit of manufacturing efficiency, the evolution of WTGS is often driven by multiple decision-making units (such as manufacturing and assembly units). These decision-making units collectively form a hierarchical decision-making structure and constantly drive WTGS evolution. However, the impact of hierarchical decision-making structure on system evolution has been rarely studied, and such impact remains unknown particularly in the context of high-order evolution. This paper proposes a hierarchical decision-making structure for WTGS modelling, which includes multiple decision-making nodes for various specifications preferences. Based on specifications comparisons for higher satisfaction, the high-order evolutionary states of WTGS under the hierarchical decision-making structure is calculated. A comparison with the high-order evolutionary state under non-hierarchical decision-making structure reveals that hierarchical decision-making structure incurs evolutionary state losses, with an average loss rate of 17.86% and a maximum loss rate of 39.22%. By redesigning the hierarchical decision-making structure, the maximum and average state loss ratios are reduced to 30.47 and 13.66 respectively, which indicates a significant improvement of evolutionary flexibility. This study preliminarily explores the method for the evolution analysis of a system with hierarchical decision-making structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 504-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cases of Edge Intelligence: A Literature Review","authors":"Maximilian Meyer ,&nbsp;Spyridon Georg Koustas","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.05.219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of recorded IoT data and the demand for real-time intelligent reactions limit centralized cloud solutions and highlight the importance of Edge Intelligence (EI). Given the growing relevance of EI, the study investigates the applications of deploying EI through a systematic literature review. 491 cases were identified and categorized into eight application areas. The analysis reveals an increasing degree of autonomy as EI assumes a greater role in fulfilling system functions of a case. The result of the systematic literature review was a framework to classify EI application types by their system function and degree of autonomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single-Particle Layer Approach for Micromechanical Characterization: Nanoindentation and Fracture Analysis of Cathode Secondary Particles","authors":"Andreas Mayr,&nbsp;Filip A. Dorau,&nbsp;Johannes Lindenblatt,&nbsp;Rüdiger Daub","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calendering is a critical process step in the production of lithium-ion battery electrodes, significantly influencing both the mechanical integrity and the electrochemical performance. While high line loads reduce the electrode porosity and increase the volumetric energy density, they also induce substantial mechanical stress on cathode particles. This can result in particle indentations in the current collector foil that improve adhesion and conductivity, but may also lead to particle fracture, negatively impacting cell performance. In this study, a novel experimental methodology is presented for investigating the indentation and fracture behavior of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC622) secondary particles using a single-particle layer approach. A preparation technique was developed to fabricate a defined single-particle layer, enabling controlled nanoindentation and fracture testing. Force-displacement curves obtained from nanoindentation provide quantitative information on the mechanical response of individual particle beds, including the load required for fracture and the extent of particle indentation into the metallic current collector. The developed method allows for a correlation between local mechanical stress and structural features of individual particle beds. The insights gained contribute to a better understanding of particle fracture mechanisms and interfacial indentation behavior during electrode calendering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 162-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148660928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond Laser Processing of 3D-Printed PETG for Sensor Substrates and Coating Preparation: Parameter Optimisation and Mechanical Testing","authors":"Shuchen Zuo,&nbsp;Mohamed Hassan,&nbsp;Cameron Pulham,&nbsp;Paul Mativenga,&nbsp;Olivier Allegre","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Screen-printing carbon electrodes on polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) substrates is a cost-effective method for producing versatile sensors; however, any damage to the conductive paste necessitates the disposal of the entire device, thereby impacting sustainability. With the increasing demand from the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) for sensors across diverse engineering disciplines, the urge to develop an alternative manufacturing method should be addressed. In this study, ultrafast femtosecond (fs) laser engraving is utilised to directly induce patterns onto the PETG substrate for future electrode dispensing. Improved coating adhesion is to be achieved by appropriate groove depth and a moderate surface roughness. An understanding of laser-material interaction was established first through the single-pulse ablation threshold investigation on the PETG substrate. The design of the experiment and processing parameter optimisation employed a combination of central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that both laser pulse energy and pulse overlap (PO) ratio significantly influence the ablation depth and the surface roughness (Sa) of the laser-processed groove. Optimal single-pass scan parameter predictions align with the confirmation experiment results with under 8% of error. The optimal condition hatched-PETG substrate achieved approximately 130 μm in depth and a width of 370 μm. A 3-point flexural bending test indicated that the hatchings do not substantially impair mechanical performance. These findings demonstrate that femtosecond laser processing is a key enabler for processing thermally sensitive substrates to support next-generation device fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}