Procedia CIRP最新文献

{"title":"Influence of machining parameters and cutting tool materials on surface layer properties and machinability in face turning of a nickel-based superalloy","authors":"L. Langenhorst,&nbsp;M. Lieder,&nbsp;J. Sölter,&nbsp;G. Kappmeyer,&nbsp;B. Karpuschewski","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Face turning experiments of nickel-based superalloy Allvac 718Plus were conducted. The influence of machining parameters (feed, cutting speed, depth of cut) and cutting tool materials (uncoated cemented carbide, CBN) on the machinability (chip form, tool wear, process forces, surface roughness) and resulting surface layer modifications (residual stress, microstructure) is investigated. Based on machining parameters and measured process forces, correlations are developed aiming at generating targeted surface layer properties (roughness, surface residual stresses).</div><div><span><span><span><svg><path></path></svg><span><span>Download: <span>Download Acrobat PDF file (213KB)</span></span></span></span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thin-film measurement using Mirau-type coherence scanning interferometer","authors":"Masaharu Hayami,&nbsp;Shuzo Masui,&nbsp;Masaki Michihata,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Kawata,&nbsp;Tetsuji Kawakami,&nbsp;Hideki Morii,&nbsp;Satoru Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, advanced functionality using a variety of thin-film materials and high integration through three-dimensional micro-structures have rapidly progressed in various fields, including semiconductor processes. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for techniques capable of simultaneously measuring film thickness distribution and surface profile, even for thin films with unknown refractive indices. Coherence Scanning Interferometry (CSI) has been commonly employed for simultaneous measurement of film thickness distribution and surface profile, it has limitations when applied to submicron-thick films or films with unknown refractive indices. In this study, we propose a method that integrates　CSI with spectroscopic ellipsometry. This method enables thin-film thickness measurement without requiring prior knowledge of the refractive　index, which is generally difficult to achieve with conventional approaches. In this paper, the proposed method is implemented in a Mirau-type　　interferometric system and experimentally validated using a 1-µm-thick SiO₂ thin-film sample on a silicon substrate. As a result, the estimated　film thickness and refractive index show good agreement with their nominal values, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed method to　Mirau-type interferometers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 497-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the relation between chip condition and built-up edge formation in dry orthogonal cutting of C45 steel","authors":"Ahmed Abotoor,&nbsp;Ramazan Hakki Namlu,&nbsp;Sabino Ayvar-Soberanis,&nbsp;David Curtis,&nbsp;Pete Crawforth,&nbsp;Sadik Engin Kilic,&nbsp;Paul Mativenga,&nbsp;Zekai Murat Kilic","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of the built-up edge (BUE) is critical in machining ductile materials such as C45, particularly under dry conditions. It affects the surface integrity, tool conditions, and accuracy of the produced parts. The method to identify the stages of BUE formation without interrupting the process remains unclear. This work investigates the correlation of BUE formation during dry orthogonal cutting of C45 steel with uncoated carbide inserts to the chip characteristics. Firstly, by analysing the measured cutting force, the change in cutting-edge radius during cutting is explained by the BUE accumulation. Then, BUE formation stages are correlated with chip condition, including the presence of deformation bands, underside chip roughness and shear angle, and thickness, curling, chemical composition and colour of the chips. Two cutting tests were conducted at two feed rates and a constant speed. In each test, the chips were collected in three transient regions: Beginning, middle, and end of the cut. Then, each test is repeated under the same cutting conditions, and the produced chips were collected and analysed. In each transient region, five chip segments were collected and analysed. The cutting force reflects a change in process mechanics evidenced by radial force surpassing the tangential component during the cut, which is due to the increased cutting-edge radius with the continuous progression of BUE formation. The findings for the chip under these conditions indicate reduction in chip underside roughness along the cutting process, an increase in chip thickness, and straightening of the chip shape. The chemical composition analysis of the chip underside shows a decrease in carbon content and an increase in oxygen content as the cutting progresses. The chip colour indicates a transition from dark blue at the beginning of the cut to grey at the end. As a result, this study advances knowledge of the stages of built-up edge formation by investigating chip conditions.</div><div><span><span><span><svg><path></path></svg><span><span>Download: <span>Download Acrobat PDF file (830KB)</span></span></span></span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 516-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Cutting Parameters on the Induced Residual Stress Profile and Resulting Part Distortion in Peripheral Milling of Ti-6Al-4V","authors":"Markus Diegel,&nbsp;Maurice Walther,&nbsp;Markus Meurer,&nbsp;Thomas Bergs","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium alloys, particularly Ti-6Al-4V, are widely used in aerospace due to their outstanding mechanical properties, enabling the weight savings necessary to achieve ambitious climate targets. During machining of structural components, dimensional deviations arise from the release of initial residual stresses and the induction of stresses during milling governed by mechanical, thermal, and metallurgical mechanisms, which are strongly interrelated and seldom occur isolated. This study investigates the influence of feed per tooth and width of cut on the thermomechanical loading and resulting residual stress profiles in peripheral milling of Ti-6Al-4V. Experiments were conducted using an analogy test rig replicating the complex engagement conditions of peripheral milling. Measured thermomechanical loads and resulting residual stress profiles were linked to the resulting machining distortion to understand relationships detect parameter dependency. The results show that mechanical generation mechanisms of residual stresses dominate within the tested parameter range, forming compressive stresses in the subsurface. Higher process parameters can induce tensile stresses caused by increased thermal loading, reducing the maximum of compressive stresses. The study further demonstrates, for the first time, that machining distortions in peripheral milling of Ti-6Al-4V depend on the selected process parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 393-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Integrity and Fatigue Response of Lamellar Ti6Al4V Alloy after Cryogenic Machining","authors":"R. Bertolini,&nbsp;A. Stramare,&nbsp;A. Campagnolo,&nbsp;A. Ghiotti,&nbsp;S. Bruschi","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryogenic machining is emerging as an alternative to flood machining due to its various advantages, including improved surface integrity in machined components. Additionally, it is an environmentally friendly and clean solution that aligns well with the sustainability goals of modern high-performance industries. Nevertheless, for it to become widely adopted, it is essential to understand its impact on in-service properties, such as fatigue strength.</div><div>In this context, the present study examines the effect of cryogenic machining on the fatigue strength of the wrought Ti6Al4V alloy, which has a lamellar microstructure. Machining tests were carried out under both flood and cryogenic conditions. Subsequently, surface integrity was evaluated in terms of microstructure, hardness, residual stresses, and surface finish. Fatigue tests were conducted using a rotating bending configuration to evaluate the impact of surface integrity alterations resulting from machining.</div><div>The results show that cryogenic machining slightly improves the fatigue life of the lamellar Ti6Al4V alloy compared to flood machining, demonstrating its potential as a reliable, but environmentally friendly and clean alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 216-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Variable-Speed Grinding Cycles: Experimental Study on Thermal Integrity and Surface Quality","authors":"D. Barrenetxea,&nbsp;J. Alvarez,&nbsp;M. Garcia,&nbsp;L. Godino","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates continuous variable-speed (v³) plunge grinding of cemented tungsten carbide (WC–Co, K10) using vitrified-bond diamond wheels, focusing on energy efficiency, thermal behavior, and surface finish. Long grinding series were experimentally evaluated and compared with constant-speed cycles at 30, 45, and 60 m/s. Net grinding power, specific grinding energy, and surface roughness were measured, while surface temperature was estimated using an analytical thermal model. Designed v³ cycles reduced net grinding power by 5–9.5% and specific grinding energy by 25–29%. However, estimated peak temperatures were higher than those of the corresponding constant-speed cycles (+12% and +20%), indicating that the thermal safety margin was not improved under the selected kinematic conditions. Additional simulations showed that this behavior was mainly related to low initial workpiece speeds. Surface finish was best at 45 m/s, while the v³ cycles exhibited higher surface roughness. Overall, the results show that the performance of variable-speed grinding strongly depends on kinematic design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 228-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Formation Mechanism study of Water Jet-Guided Laser Machining of Single-crystal Nickel-Based Alloys","authors":"Tiancheng Ai,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Liming Lei,&nbsp;Dongdong Xu,&nbsp;Wentao Qin,&nbsp;Zhirong Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.02.085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-crystal nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in high-temperature, high-stress environments due to their exceptional mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to creep and oxidation. However, their superior properties also pose significant challenges for conventional and advanced machining techniques. This study explores the feasibility and performance of Water Jet-Guided Laser (WJGL) machining as a novel approach for processing single-crystal nickel-based superalloys. By employing a fine water jet as both an optical waveguide and a cooling medium, WJGL offers potential advantages in terms of reduced heat-affected zones (HAZ), minimized surface/subsurface damage, and improved machining precision compared to traditional laser or mechanical methods. The research focuses on evaluating key processing parameters, analyzing the microstructural response of the alloy, and characterizing surface integrity under varying WJGL conditions. Experiment results suggest that the WJGL-processed surface exhibited grooves, resolidified droplets, and microcracks, along with evidence of localized oxidation. A deformed subsurface region was identified, consisting of an approximately 2.2 µm white layer and a ~1.3 µm transitional layer. The white layer was characterized by a dense morphology with cracks, whereas the transitional layer showed the destruction of the original lattice, accompanied by subgrain formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 258-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Picosecond laser cutting of lithium-ion battery for improved quality in electric mobility","authors":"Paul Mativenga,&nbsp;Nazanin Mirhosseini,&nbsp;Olivier Allegre,&nbsp;Shuchen Zuo,&nbsp;Richard Field","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries are central to electric mobility due to their high energy density, rechargeability and low weight. Laser cutting of battery electrodes is increasingly important for manufacturing, yet conventional approaches using high-power lasers have quality limitations. This study investigated a precision laser-cutting approach using short wavelength, low power, and ultrashort pulse width in a multi-pass strategy for anode processing. A picosecond ultraviolet laser was employed, with absorption analysis and process optimisation performed. Results show up to 50% reduction in heat-affected zone demonstrating suitability for high-quality, scalable manufacturing. Thus, high-quality electrode cutting for small-scale, flexible next-generation battery manufacturing can be enabled by selecting laser wavelength for maximum absorption and employing low-energy picosecond near-athermal processing, while managing laser incubation effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 308-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entangled-Photon Thermometry for Ultrashort Laser Processing","authors":"Denys Moskal,&nbsp;Jiří Martan,&nbsp;Šimon Kos,&nbsp;Miroslav Holeček,&nbsp;Milan Honner,&nbsp;Vladislav Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A quantum-assisted method for fast temperature diagnostics in ultrashort laser processing is presented. The approach exploits polarization anisotropy of entangled photon pairs, where the idler photon probes the laser-heated surface and the signal photon is analyzed remotely via coincidence detection. Temperature-dependent changes of the complex refractive index modify <em>p</em>- and <em>s</em>-polarized reflectance, altering polarization statistics of the entangled partner. A Qiskit-based model incorporating pump–probe data demonstrates reconstruction of transient thermal dynamics. To overcome shot-noise limitations of sliding-window analysis, a multilayer perceptron processes the binary photon stream, significantly improving signal-to-noise ratio and temporal resolution to nanosecond scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian Optimization of Dynamic Beam Shaping in Laser Welding Using a Low-Dimensional Beam Parametrization","authors":"Kim Glumann,&nbsp;Tobias Ehnis,&nbsp;Michael Sawannia,&nbsp;Robin Klöpfer,&nbsp;Volkher Onuseit,&nbsp;Andreas Michalowski","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying suitable process parameters in laser beam welding is challenging, because small variations in process parameters and energy distribution can strongly affect the resulting weld quality, while the number of feasible experiments is limited by cost and effort. To address the expanded parameter space introduced by beam shaping under these limitations, Bayesian optimization was applied to jointly optimize process parameters and laser beam shape. Beam shaping was realized using a coherent beam combining (CBC), where the main lobe of the laser was sequentially positioned to generate a time-averaged intensity distribution approximating an ellipse. Bead-on-plate laser welding experiments were conducted on AISI 316L, while varying the laser power, welding speed, and the three parameters for the low-dimensional parameterization of the beam shape namely: shape frequency, and the two semi-axes of the elliptical beam shape. The optimization objectives were predefined weld quality targets, including penetration depth and seam width, as well as avoidance of pore formation, undercuts and seam elevation. The results indicate that the low-dimensional parameterization of the beam shape contributes to a structured and smooth optimization landscape that can be efficiently explored using Bayesian optimization, enabling suitable parameter combinations to be identified within fewer than 50 experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 31-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}