Procedia CIRP最新文献_第6页

Hybrid part manufacturing with Laser Directed Energy Deposition for enhanced performance 混合零件制造与激光定向能量沉积，以提高性能

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.038

Laura Budde, Kai Biester, Nick Schwarz, Ludger Overmeyer

{"title":"Hybrid part manufacturing with Laser Directed Energy Deposition for enhanced performance","authors":"Laura Budde, Kai Biester, Nick Schwarz, Ludger Overmeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One way to meet the locally varying thermal, mechanical, and chemical requirements of a component is to use hybrid components made of multiple materials. These can be manufactured using methods such as laser wire Directed Energy Deposition (DED-LB/M). However, the heat input during the DED-LB/M process can lead to direction-dependent and non-uniform mechanical properties, distortion, and/or the development of residual stresses, which reduce the load-bearing capacity of the hybrid component. One method for manufacturing hybrid components is the Tailored Forming process chain. DED-LB/M is combined with subsequent hot forming and machining. Previous studies have shown that this can improve the microstructure. The residual stress state present after hot forming depends on the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials involved. Compressive residual stress in the surface and subsurface area can increase the service life of component areas subjected to tribological loads. This study therefore investigates whether compressive residual stress states can be specifically generated in the surface and subsurface area of the hybrid component through the targeted selection of materials and cladding geometries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 171-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the influence of surface stagnation pressure on melt ejected particle size distributions in low pressure laser cutting 定量分析表面滞止压力对低压激光切割中熔体喷射粒径分布的影响

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.061

Jacob Lavin, Toby Williams, Julian Spencer, Jonathan Dodds, John R Tyrer, Edward J Long, Lewis CR Jones

{"title":"Quantifying the influence of surface stagnation pressure on melt ejected particle size distributions in low pressure laser cutting","authors":"Jacob Lavin, Toby Williams, Julian Spencer, Jonathan Dodds, John R Tyrer, Edward J Long, Lewis CR Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser cutting inherently produces hazardous aerosolised by-products. While complete elimination of these emissions is not feasible, effective control is essential to ensure environmental protection and process safety. This paper examines how changes in surface stagnation pressure influence the size distribution of ejected particles. Surface stagnation pressure is the pressure applied to the melt pool by the moderately underexpanded assist gas jet of the laser cutting nozzle, and it was systematically varied during low pressure cutting with nitrogen and air. The study used high-speed imaging at high magnification, combined with image based droplet statistics to detect and measure particle diameters and counts. These measurements were reported using the Sauter mean diameter, <em>D</em><sub>32</sub>, and total particle count metrics. A minimum surface stagnation pressure of 0.25 MPa was required to achieve cutting. Within the experimental range, reducing the stagnation pressure caused an increase in <em>D</em><sub>32</sub> and a decrease in total particle count. This indicates that lower pressures suppress fine breakup and reduce the frequency of ejection events. When the stagnation pressure was matched across gases, nitrogen produced fewer droplets with a larger characteristic diameter than air, suggesting that nitrogen promotes reduced fine atomisation under low pressure conditions. Taken together, these findings show that adjusting stagnation pressure and gas type offers a practical route to reducing the quantity and characteristics of aerosolised by products, supporting safer and more controlled low pressure laser cutting operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 289-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quasi-simultaneous, discretized low temperature powder bed fusion of optically dense PEEK/CF composites 准同时、离散化低温粉末床熔接PEEK/CF复合材料

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.070

Samuel Schlicht, Dietmar Drummer

{"title":"Quasi-simultaneous, discretized low temperature powder bed fusion of optically dense PEEK/CF composites","authors":"Samuel Schlicht, Dietmar Drummer","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The processing of high-melting thermoplastics in laser-based additive manufacturing processes is inherently impaired through the requirement of high ambient temperatures for the deceleration of isothermal crystallization processes, while incident focal intensities are limited by thermal degradation upon exposure. To overcome prevailing limitations, we demonstrate the coalescence of polyetheretherketone-carbon fiber (PEEK/CF) composites at a powder bed temperature of 50 °C through fractal, locally discrete exposure strategies and quasi-simultaneous exposure regimes based on the intermediate spatio-temporal discretization of formed melt pools. Elevated numbers of exposure cycles allow for the generation of dense composites under minimized degradation, with ATR-FTIR indicating the absence of fluorenone-forming conditions upon exposure. Obtained results indicate a positive correlation of the fraction of CF and the quasi-simultaneous exposure time required for coalescence, while elevated CF fractions impair the impregnation of embedded fibers. Quasi-simultaneous strategies hence enable the cold powder bed fusion of PEEK through the intermediate formation of discrete fractal melt pools and the subsequent fusion of crystallized sub-structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 335-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Inter-Beam Distance on Keyhole Depth Instability and Weld Seam Coupling in Dual-Beam Welding of CuSn6 Alloy CuSn6合金双梁焊接中梁间距对锁孔深度、失稳及焊缝耦合的影响

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.089

Nivetha Muthuvijayapandian, Christoph Spurk, Tobias Florian, Constantin Zenz, Marc Hummel, Alexander Olowinsky, Felix Beckmann, Julian Moosmann, Andreas Otto

引用次数: 0

Effects of Spatial Energy Deposition on Weld Seam Geometry and Melt Pool Dynamics in Parallel Dual-Beam Laser Welding 空间能量沉积对平行双光束激光焊接焊缝几何形状和熔池动力学的影响

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.094

Christoph Spurk, Nivetha Muthuvijayapandian, Tobias Florian, Nils Bena, Tobias Berger, Zubin Babajan, Martin Traub, André Häusler, Alexander Olowinsky, Andreas Otto, Arnold Gillner

{"title":"Effects of Spatial Energy Deposition on Weld Seam Geometry and Melt Pool Dynamics in Parallel Dual-Beam Laser Welding","authors":"Christoph Spurk, Nivetha Muthuvijayapandian, Tobias Florian, Nils Bena, Tobias Berger, Zubin Babajan, Martin Traub, André Häusler, Alexander Olowinsky, Andreas Otto, Arnold Gillner","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for efficient battery manufacturing technologies requires precise and reproducible joining processes for electrical cell contacting. Laser beam welding using near-infrared lasers is well established; however, process efficiency is often limited by dynamic melt pool behavior and inefficient energy utilization, particularly in conventional single-beam strategies. This study investigates dual-beam laser welding of metals with a specific focus on two linearly arranged, parallel trajectories to enhance process efficiency through thermal interaction and heat conduction effects. Two independently controlled near-infrared laser beams (λ = 1070 nm) are spatially modulated, enabling parallel and combined energy deposition at the material surface. The central hypothesis examines whether parallel beam trajectories increase the effective molten volume compared to single-beam welding. Experiments are conducted on CuSn6, AW6082 and AISI 304 (1.4301), with weld quality evaluated by cross-sectional area, penetration depth, seam width, and surface morphology for CuSn6. Melt pool dynamics and weld geometry are analyzed using high-speed imaging and metallographic cross-sections. Complementary numerical simulations correlate thermal fields and heat accumulation effects with the experimentally observed weld characteristics for selected material-parameter combinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 453-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multispectral Analysis of Laser Hot-Wire Directed Energy Deposition Using a Coaxial Processing Head 同轴加工头激光热线定向能沉积的多光谱分析

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.024

Kai Biester, Laura Budde, Nick Schwarz, Ludger Overmyer

引用次数: 0

Interfacial characterization in laser directed energy deposited functionally graded multi-material steel 激光定向能沉积功能梯度多材料钢的界面表征

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.026

Saad Waqar, Ali Gokhan Demir, Alper Kanyilmaz, Barbara Previtali

{"title":"Interfacial characterization in laser directed energy deposited functionally graded multi-material steel","authors":"Saad Waqar, Ali Gokhan Demir, Alper Kanyilmaz, Barbara Previtali","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functionally graded multi materials (FG-MM) represent an emerging class of engineered structures in which chemical composition varies spatially along pre-defined orientations. FG-MM have gained attention for enabling integration of dissimilar properties within a single component. Additive manufacturing has advanced the fabrication of FG-MM, however, interfacial region between the constituents remains a key limitation in their performance. In this study, the interfacial behaviour of laser directed energy deposition fabricated austenitic and martensitic FG-MM steel components is investigated. Two interface configurations namely direct interface and gradual interface were investigated. The interfaces were characterized through phase analysis, microstructural evaluation, and Vickers hardness profile. The results indicate that the introduction of a compositional gradient between dissimilar steels promotes a smoother material transition as both austenitic and martensitic phases can co-exist when deposited altogether in similar quantities, which leads to a more progressive evolution of microstructure and hardness across the interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of laser power and inter-layer dwell time on thermal history, hardness, and hydrogen uptake in laser-based directed energy deposition of 316L 激光功率和层间停留时间对激光定向能沉积316L材料热历史、硬度和吸氢量的影响

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.029

Marco-Nicolas Galati, Niclas Zerner, Michael Müller, Nick Schwarz, Henning Wiche, Stefan Kaierle, Volker Wesling

{"title":"Influence of laser power and inter-layer dwell time on thermal history, hardness, and hydrogen uptake in laser-based directed energy deposition of 316L","authors":"Marco-Nicolas Galati, Niclas Zerner, Michael Müller, Nick Schwarz, Henning Wiche, Stefan Kaierle, Volker Wesling","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties and hydrogen uptake behavior of metallic components fabricated by means of laser-based directed energy deposition (DED-LB/M) are strongly influenced by the process parameters applied during fabrication. In this work, the effect of laser power (400 W and 600 W) and inter-layer dwell time (0 s and 60 s) on the inter-layer thermal history, hardness distribution, and electrolytic charging behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel wall structures fabricated by powder-based DED-LB/M is investigated. Using infrared thermography and Vickers hardness measurements, a direct correlation between inter-layer dwell time, heat accumulation and hardness could be established, with dwell-free conditions leading to continuously increasing inter-layer temperatures and pronounced hardness gradients along the build direction. Furthermore, by means of electrolytic hydrogen charging, surface condition was identified as the dominant factor influencing hydrogen charging behavior. For polished specimens, no systematic influence of laser power or inter-layer dwell time was detected, indicating that process-parameter-induced microstructural differences are not resolvable under the applied charging conditions. For as-built specimens, two distinct groups of potential-time curves were identified correlating with the inter-layer dwell time, which could not be attributed to surface roughness alone but is likely related to differences in surface oxide formation and partially fused powder particle adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 130-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model-Based Definition for Non-Rigid Variation Simulation I: Automating Tolerance Analysis with the Quality Information Framework (QIF) 基于模型的非刚性变分仿真定义ⅰ：基于质量信息框架的公差自动化分析

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.118

Martin Roth, Lars Lindkvist, Kristina Wärmefjord, Rikard Söderberg

{"title":"Model-Based Definition for Non-Rigid Variation Simulation I: Automating Tolerance Analysis with the Quality Information Framework (QIF)","authors":"Martin Roth, Lars Lindkvist, Kristina Wärmefjord, Rikard Söderberg","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Quality Information Framework (QIF) standard aims to cover the whole product quality ecosystem using a Model-Based Definition approach. Compared to the STEP AP242 and JT standard, QIF concentrates on semantically intertwining information from product design and inspection within one information carrier. Due to its strong focus on geometrical product quality, QIF is predestined to be used as the basis for activities that aim to assure product quality in the presence of geometrical variations. Still, its potential for variation simulation, virtually predicting the effects of geometrical part and assembly variations on the final product quality, remains largely unexploited. Methods for bringing information from QIF to variation simulation and translating it into deviations are currently lacking. This article presents a novel QIF-based method that fosters the automation of deviation modeling in non-rigid variation simulation of sheet metal assemblies. Building upon an inverse mapping method for registering QIF features within shell meshes leads to a hybrid model that combines the strengths of a parametric and discrete geometry representation. By exploiting this duality, size, location, orientation, and form tolerances are translated into mesh deviations using a joint Small Displacement Torsor and Skin Model Shapes approach. An exemplary application of the proposed method to a spot-welded sheet metal assembly illustrates QIF’s potential for bridging feature-based GD&T specification and mesh-based variation simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"145 ","pages":"Pages 7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148694479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Responsibility Framework for Geometric Specification Management through RACI Integration 基于RACI集成的几何规格管理责任框架

Procedia CIRP Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.131

Mattia Maltauro, Alina Sersch, Gianmaria Concheri, Peter Gust, Roberto Meneghello

{"title":"A Responsibility Framework for Geometric Specification Management through RACI Integration","authors":"Mattia Maltauro, Alina Sersch, Gianmaria Concheri, Peter Gust, Roberto Meneghello","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procir.2026.03.131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) plays a critical role in ensuring functional compliance, manufacturability, and verifiability across the product development lifecycle. Recent research has highlighted the evolutionary nature of specifications: from functional (FunSpec) to manufacturing (ManSpec), verification (VeriSpec), and contractual (ConSpec) documents; yet the allocation of clear responsibilities among stakeholders remains underdeveloped. This paper proposes the integration of the RACI (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed) matrix into the ISO GPS workflow as a structured means to clarify roles, responsibilities, and communication pathways across design, manufacturing, and quality assurance domains, therefore building upon the responsibility principle presented in ISO 8015. Starting from the specification document types presented in ISO/TS 21619 and the interaction between these document types, this study introduces a RACI-supported framework that maps stakeholder involvement to each stage of specification evolution. A possible implementation example demonstrates how the method enhances transparency, prevents overlaps or gaps in responsibilities, and supports compliance with industrial standards such as ISO 9001. The results suggest that embedding RACI within GPS workflows strengthens interdisciplinary collaboration, reduces ambiguity, and lays the foundation for responsibility-aware product specification management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20535,"journal":{"name":"Procedia CIRP","volume":"145 ","pages":"Pages 43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148694483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0