Presse Medicale最新文献_第2页

Chemical risks in laboratories. 实验室中的化学品风险。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104346

Christian Géraut, Laurent Géraut

引用次数: 0

Accidents of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in radiology departments: risks, prevention, and management. 放射科职业电离辐射暴露事故：风险、预防与管理。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104347

Jean-Luc Drapé

{"title":"Accidents of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in radiology departments: risks, prevention, and management.","authors":"Jean-Luc Drapé","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in radiology departments is a rare but important concern, given the potential long-term health effects and the regulatory framework surrounding radioprotection. This review analyzes the main risks associated with exposure to X-rays, including cancer, cataracts, radiodermatitis, pregnancy risks, and reduced fertility, as well as the specific contexts in which accidents occur. The majority of significant exposure incidents are reported in interventional radiology, where proximity to the radiation source and prolonged fluoroscopy times increase operator exposure. Causes include human error, lack of training, inadequate protective equipment, or technical malfunctions. Radioprotection measures are detailed, including zoning, collective and personal protective equipment, dosimetric monitoring, and medical surveillance. The management of significant radioprotection events (ESR) is described, with emphasis on immediate site actions, medical care of exposed staff, reporting obligations, and corrective measures. The review highlights the role of key stakeholders including the Radiation Protection Officer (CRP), the Nuclear Safety and Radioprotection Authority (ASNR), and the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN). Despite the low incidence of accidents, continuous training, rigorous adherence to protocols, and optimal use of protective measures remain essential. Recent reports confirm the rarity of exposures exceeding regulatory limits but underscore the necessity of vigilance in interventional settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":" ","pages":"104347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in a nuclear medicine department: myth and reality. 核医学部门电离辐射的职业暴露：神话与现实。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104348

Gérald Bonardel, Jean-Philippe Vuillez

{"title":"Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in a nuclear medicine department: myth and reality.","authors":"Gérald Bonardel, Jean-Philippe Vuillez","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nuclear medicine is a diagnostic and therapeutic medical specialty based on the administration of radiopharmaceuticals emitting ionizing radiation (IR). In this context, healthcare professionals are exposed to low doses of radiation during their activity. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of occupational exposures in nuclear medicine in France, based on data from the 2023 IRSN and 2024 ASN reports, and to put them into perspective with those of other medical or industrial sectors, as well as with natural background exposure. Occupational exposures in nuclear medicine remain very low: in 2023, the average annual dose for workers was 0.78 mSv, which is about three times lower than the average natural exposure in France. No regulatory exceedance was observed, either for external exposure, extremities of the limbs doses, or eye lens doses. Most reported significant radiation protection events are minor and without clinical consequence. Furthermore, this article recalls the historical background of the concept of maximum permissible dose and the principles of radiation protection, highlighting the limitations of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model applied to low doses on which these principles are based. Finally, it describes the organizational, technical, and individual measures implemented in nuclear medicine departments to maintain these low levels of exposure. These data confirm that this medical specialty remains one of the least exposed to occupational risks in the hospital environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":" ","pages":"104348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oculo-Cutaneous and syndromic albinisms: Epidemiology, clinical spectrum and diagnosis. 皮肤白化病和综合征白化病：流行病学、临床谱和诊断。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104344

Ester Moreno-Artero, Jacob Mashiah

{"title":"Oculo-Cutaneous and syndromic albinisms: Epidemiology, clinical spectrum and diagnosis.","authors":"Ester Moreno-Artero, Jacob Mashiah","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism and Ocular Albinism are worldwide autosomal and X-linked recessive disorders, respectively, resulting from mutations in at least 21 genes that affect melanin production or transport in the skin, hair and eyes. The purpose of this review is to assist clinicians in recognizing its main clinical manifestations. The review is structured into three main sections: general manifestations common to all albinism subtypes, the distinct features of non-syndromic subtypes (oculocutaneous albinism types 1-8), and the syndromic forms (Chediak-Higashi syndrome type 1 and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome subtypes 1 through 11). However, given the significant clinical overlap among subtypes, and their differing prognoses, molecular diagnosis through next-generation sequencing technologies is essential for accurate subtype classification. To date, seven genes have been associated with non-syndromic forms (the gene responsible for type 5 remains unidentified), while twelve genes have been linked to Hermansky-Pudlak and Chediak-Higashi syndromes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Review of literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to this clinical overlap and the potential development of ophthalmological complications, risk of skin cancer, and other systemic manifestations in syndromic forms, early recognition by clinicians, multidisciplinary follow-up, and genetic counselling remain critical, along with patient education on photoprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":" ","pages":"104344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

European Specificities of Albinism: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Management. 白化病的欧洲特异性：流行病学、临床特征和管理。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104343

Ester Moreno-Artero, Jacob Mashiah, Fanny Morice-Picard, Smail Hadj-Rabia

{"title":"European Specificities of Albinism: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Management.","authors":"Ester Moreno-Artero, Jacob Mashiah, Fanny Morice-Picard, Smail Hadj-Rabia","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Albinism is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by reduced or absent melanin synthesis, leading to variable hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes, and associated ocular abnormalities such as foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus, and reduced visual acuity. Although considered rare, the prevalence of albinism varies widely across regions and is likely underestimated in Europe, particularly due to mild phenotypes in fair-skinned populations. In European people with albinism (PWA), reduced cutaneous pigmentation increases susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation-induced damage and skin cancer, although overall cancer prevalence remains lower than in equatorial regions. Diagnosis and surveillance are challenging because many lesions are amelanotic, phenotypic expression is highly variable, and photoprotection practices are often suboptimal. This review summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, cancer risk, and management of albinism in Europe, with particular emphasis on diagnostic challenges, the role of dermoscopy in skin cancer detection, and tailored preventive strategies. A multidisciplinary approach involving dermatology, ophthalmology, genetics, and supportive care is essential to improve early diagnosis, optimize surveillance, and reduce morbidity in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":" ","pages":"104343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Albinism worldwide - genetics, beliefs, and the imperative of global advocacy. 世界范围内的白化病——遗传学、信仰和全球倡导的必要性。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104345

Smail Hadj-Rabia, Gérard Lorette

引用次数: 0

Update on the pathogenetic hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病特点的最新进展。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104315

Ken R. Bracke , Guy G. Brusselle

引用次数: 0

Pre-COPD: Impact on prevention, detection, and treatment copd前期：对预防、检测和治疗的影响。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104316

Christopher B. Bosma, Wassim W. Labaki, MeiLan K. Han

{"title":"Pre-COPD: Impact on prevention, detection, and treatment","authors":"Christopher B. Bosma, Wassim W. Labaki, MeiLan K. Han","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>The ability to identify individuals at risk for progression to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains challenging. The concept of pre-COPD has been proposed as a framework to identify patients without current airflow obstruction at greatest risk for progression to COPD using a constellation of symptoms, physiologic changes, and structural changes on chest imaging. While multiple biomarkers are linked to the subsequent development of COPD in at-risk individuals, no single biomarker has emerged as the best predictor. The goal of this review is to define the concept of pre-COPD, summarize known biomarkers associated with later development of COPD, and address the impact of pre-COPD on patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Narrative Review</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The concept of pre-COPD can help meet current gaps in screening and care for patients at risk of progression to COPD. A framework definition of pre-COPD allows for identification of individuals at risk for progression to COPD and indicates increased morbidity and mortality. While the ideal biomarker for pre-COPD has not been identified, multimodal risk prediction scores and practical clinical definitions are emerging for use in clinical practice. Additional research is needed to better understand optimal clinical screening and management of patients with pre-COPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 1","pages":"Article 104316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated care in COPD 慢性阻塞性肺病的综合护理。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104320

Jean Bourbeau , Claudia LeBlanc

引用次数: 0

COPD exacerbations: Major events in the course of the disease COPD加重：病程中的主要事件。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104317

Sachin Ananth, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha

引用次数: 0