Presse Medicale最新文献

Laboratory-associated infections and biosafety 实验室相关感染和生物安全。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104277

Patrick Berche

{"title":"Laboratory-associated infections and biosafety","authors":"Patrick Berche","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of laboratory-associated infections, which are caused by the handling of human or animal pathogens, represents a significant threat to the health and safety of laboratory workers and the general population. Such risks are present in clinical diagnostic and research laboratories, including those utilizing biotechnology on pathogenic organisms and industrial laboratories engaged in vaccine production. The investigation of these incidents is based on a retrospective analysis of published reports and voluntary questionnaires. The precise level of risk is challenging to ascertain, given the lack of a mandatory reporting system in the majority of countries. This indicates that many event involving exposure to contamination are not reported. The pathogens encountered in the primary published series include bacteria (<em>e.g., Brucella</em> spp.<em>, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella</em> spp.<em>, Shigella</em> spp.<em>, Neisseria meningitidis, Coxiella burnetii)</em>, viruses (<em>e.g.,</em> HBV, HCV, HIV, SARS-CoV-1, VEEV), and particularly dangerous viruses (<em>e.g.,</em> hantavirus, filovirus, arenavirus), and less frequently fungi, parasites, and prions. Approximately 70% of these incidents are attributable to human errors. The primary modes of contamination are inhalation of aerosols and accidental parenteral injections. Additionally, contamination may occur during the handling of pathogens and the decontamination of waste, as well as during the inactivation processes of mass cultures utilized in vaccine production. It is therefore imperative that any incident or accident linked to contact with pathogens in laboratories be made compulsory to report. This will facilitate the systematic monitoring of these infections and data analysis for educational purposes, thereby enhancing prevention of laboratory accidents and leaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 3","pages":"Article 104277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Albinism: Management and care of ophthalmological manifestations 白化病：眼科表现的处理和护理。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104334

Maxence Rateaux , Dominique Bremond-Gignac , Matthieu P. Robert

{"title":"Albinism: Management and care of ophthalmological manifestations","authors":"Maxence Rateaux , Dominique Bremond-Gignac , Matthieu P. Robert","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Albinism is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by both dermatological and ophthalmological expressions. In ophthalmological practice, patients with albinism frequently present with nystagmus and reduced visual acuity, the diagnosis having been made previously on dermatological features, or not. Specific ophthalmological features include iris transillumination, macular hypopigmentation, and foveal hypoplasia, all of them being quantifiable clinically using reproducible grading systems. Refractive errors (most often with-the-rule astigmatism and hypermetropia), along with strabismus (both eso- and exotropia), are also commonly encountered. Anatomical anomaly of the visual pathway, specifically chiasmal misrouting of retinal fibers, is a consistent finding. It potentially results in the presence of an abnormal angle lambda, which can manifest as a pseudo-exotropia appearance. The identification and quantification of all clinical signs allow to fully characterize the patient’s phenotype, and often to make the diagnosis of albinism, from infancy to adulthood.</div><div>The first step of the ophthalmological management in children consists in screening for amblyopia or amblyogenic factors (such as strabismus and refractive errors). Subsequently, management is typically divided into three key categories. Improvement of visual acuity through cycloplegic refraction and prescription of full optical correction (via spectacles or contact lenses). Management of infantile nystagmus syndrome, which can sometimes benefit from contact lenses, prisms, or surgical interventions. Tailored visual rehabilitation by prescribing spectral filter spectacles and low-vision aids whenever needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 3","pages":"Article 104334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in albinism 白化病的最新进展。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104332

Fanny Morice-Picard , Modibo Diallo , Benoit Arveiler

引用次数: 0

Albinism: from genetics to cell biology and physiopathology 白化病：从遗传学到细胞生物学和生理病理学。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104333

Modibo Diallo , Laura Salavessa , Benoit Arveiler , Cédric Delevoye

{"title":"Albinism: from genetics to cell biology and physiopathology","authors":"Modibo Diallo , Laura Salavessa , Benoit Arveiler , Cédric Delevoye","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Albinism classically encompasses several forms: oculocutaneous (OCA), ocular (OA1 and Foveal hypoplasia optic nerve decussation defect anterior segment dysgenesis syndrome [FHONDA]), and syndromic (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome [HPS], Chediak-Higashi syndrome [CHS]), with all being autosomal recessive except X-linked recessive OA1. Twenty-one genes are identified to date, with OCA1 being most common in Europeans or patients of European descent and OCA2 in Sub-Saharan Africans. Their sequencing provides a diagnostic rate of ∼70 %, though unresolved cases may arise from variants in poorly explored non-coding regions, undetected genes, or differential diagnoses. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying non-syndromic forms of albinism affect the ability of pigment cells to synthesize melanin pigments in melanosomes, mainly through defects in melanogenic enzymes, or in ion channels or transporters affecting melanosome pH regulation. In contrast, syndromic forms of albinism (e.g., HPS subtypes) are membrane trafficking disorders caused by mutations in multi-subunit protein complexes (e.g., BLOC1, BLOC2, BLOC3, or AP-3) targeting the formations and functions of certain lysosome-related organelles (LROs), of which the melanosome is a prototypical member. Integrating clinical, genetic and fundamental research is essential for a comprehensive understanding of albinism, from patient manifestations to identifying molecular targets and elucidating their cell and tissue-specific functions, ultimately paving the way for improved diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 3","pages":"Article 104333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary toxicity of immune-checkpoint inhibitors 免疫检查点抑制剂的肺毒性。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104329

Cédric Mahiat, Jacques Cadranel, Vincent Fallet, Constance Meteye, Sébastien Gendarme, Jérémy Slomka, Anthony Canellas

引用次数: 0

Adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the endocrine system 免疫检查点抑制剂对内分泌系统的不良影响。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104328

Maria Ortega Abad, Ricardo Correa

引用次数: 0

Update on dermatological toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors 免疫检查点抑制剂皮肤毒性的最新进展。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104330

Davide Fattore , Giuseppe Lauletta , Cecile Pages , Valentine Theret , Vincent Sibaud

{"title":"Update on dermatological toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors","authors":"Davide Fattore , Giuseppe Lauletta , Cecile Pages , Valentine Theret , Vincent Sibaud","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has emerged as a transformative approach in the treatment of various malignancies. ICIs target immune regulatory pathways—specifically cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)—to reinvigorate anti-tumor immune responses. However, these therapies can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to systemic immune activation and loss of tolerance. Among the most common irAEs are those affecting the skin, manifesting as a spectrum of cutaneous autoimmune reactions. These range from self-limiting reactions (i.e. eczema-like reactions, psoriasis, lichenoid reactions, vitiligo) to severe and potentially life-threatening conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or autoimmune blistering diseases. Cutaneous irAEs can significantly affect a patient's quality of life and may necessitate dose adjustments or permanent discontinuation of life-prolonging therapies. Importantly, some skin toxicities may correlate with favorable anti-tumor responses. This article comprehensively reviews epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, including rare and emerging patterns, diagnostic strategies, management protocols, and future directions in the understanding and treatment of cutaneous irAEs induced by immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 2","pages":"Article 104330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sicca induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors 免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的Sicca。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104331

Rakiba Belkhir , Marjolaine Gosset , Antoine Rousseau , Samuel Bitoun , Thierry Lazure , Xavier Mariette , Gaetane Nocturne

{"title":"Sicca induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors","authors":"Rakiba Belkhir , Marjolaine Gosset , Antoine Rousseau , Samuel Bitoun , Thierry Lazure , Xavier Mariette , Gaetane Nocturne","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including sicca syndrome. This condition, characterized by ocular and oral dryness, is under-recognized yet significantly impacts patients' quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review aims to highlight the prevalence, clinical features, and management strategies for ICI-induced sicca syndrome, emphasizing its distinction from Sjögren disease (SjD) and the importance of early detection and treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Key points</h3><div>Sicca induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is under-estimated but might affect 5 to 24 % of the patients treated by ICI. The pathophysiology of ICI-induced sicca is different from SjD, with infiltration of salivary glands mainly by T lymphocytes. Management of sicca induced by ICI consists of a graded approach, including symptomatic treatment and corticosteroids.</div></div><div><h3>Future directions</h3><div>Future research on ICI-induced sicca syndrome should focus on prospective studies to accurately determine its frequency and validate screening tools for early diagnosis. Assessing the benefits of early immunomodulatory treatments and exploring the long-term outcome of the condition are also essential. Understanding the immunological mechanisms and risk factors will be crucial to improve the management. Collaboration among specialists is mandatory to develop comprehensive management guidelines and improving patient condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 2","pages":"Article 104331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gastrointestinal complications of immune checkpoint Inhibitor therapy 免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的胃肠道并发症。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104326

Franck Carbonnel , Antoine Martin , Lysiane Marthey , Christophe Bellanger , Rita Bou-Farah , Isabelle Boytchev , Raef Abdallah , Aurélien Amiot , Antoine Meyer

引用次数: 0

Immunotherapy and the heart: Understanding the cardiovascular risks of immune checkpoint inhibitors 免疫治疗和心脏：了解免疫检查点抑制剂的心血管风险。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104327

Maria Sol Andres, Maria Clara Llamedo, Sivatharshini Ramalingam, Alexander R. Lyon

{"title":"Immunotherapy and the heart: Understanding the cardiovascular risks of immune checkpoint inhibitors","authors":"Maria Sol Andres, Maria Clara Llamedo, Sivatharshini Ramalingam, Alexander R. Lyon","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer therapy, offering improved survival outcomes in various malignancies. However, their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including severe cardiovascular complications. Initially considered a rare and highly fatal condition, ICI-related myocarditis was first recognized in 2016, when Johnson et al. reported an incidence of 0.09 % with 50 % mortality among patients treated with ICIs. Over time, growing awareness, early detection, and advancements in treatment have led to a significant reduction in mortality, with recent studies reporting rates as low as 7 % and lower. Importantly, it is now recognized that myocarditis is not the only cardiovascular adverse event (CVAE) related to ICIs. The spectrum of CVAEs has expanded to include conditions such as pericarditis, non-inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction, acute coronary syndrome, and arrhythmias, among others. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of ICI-mediated cardiovascular adverse effects, highlighting diagnostic challenges, therapeutic strategies, and future directions for research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 2","pages":"Article 104327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0