Presse Medicale最新文献

Artificial Intelligence applied to surgical pathology in the management of cutaneous melanoma. 人工智能在皮肤黑色素瘤外科病理治疗中的应用。

IF 5 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104382

C Bossard, Y Salhi, J Chetritt

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence applied to surgical pathology in the management of cutaneous melanoma.","authors":"C Bossard, Y Salhi, J Chetritt","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical pathology remains the cornerstone for the diagnosis, staging and prognostic stratification of cutaneous melanoma. The emergence of digital pathology and artificial intelligence (AI), notably deep learning, is transforming this field. Convolutional neural networks trained on large repositories of digitised histological slides demonstrate diagnostic capabilities comparable, and in specific tasks superior, to board-certified dermatopathologists. Current applications encompass the automated classification of melanocytic lesions, including the challenging differentiation between benign naevi and early melanoma. Beyond morphological diagnosis, AI algorithms extract virtual biomarkers directly from haematoxylin-eosin-stained slides, predicting underlying molecular alterations, including BRAF mutational status, and offering a transformative approach to prognostic stratification, enabling the extraction of morphological and spatial features that are imperceptible to the human eye. Challenges remain, including dataset bias, inter-laboratory standardisation of whole slide imaging workflows, model interpretability, and medico-legal accountability. The regulatory landscape is rapidly evolving: the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act classifies medical AI as high-risk. The 2024 FDA de novo authorization of DermoSensor, an adjunctive AI-enabled device for assessing suspicious skin lesions, illustrates broader progress in dermatologic AI, although it does not concern surgical pathology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future perspectives of AI in management of cutaneous melanoma. These new tools will augment the central role of the pathologist in precision oncology, in refining adjuvant treatment decisions and surveillance strategies in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":" ","pages":"104382"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laboratory-associated infections and biosafety 实验室相关感染和生物安全。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104277

Patrick Berche

{"title":"Laboratory-associated infections and biosafety","authors":"Patrick Berche","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of laboratory-associated infections, which are caused by the handling of human or animal pathogens, represents a significant threat to the health and safety of laboratory workers and the general population. Such risks are present in clinical diagnostic and research laboratories, including those utilizing biotechnology on pathogenic organisms and industrial laboratories engaged in vaccine production. The investigation of these incidents is based on a retrospective analysis of published reports and voluntary questionnaires. The precise level of risk is challenging to ascertain, given the lack of a mandatory reporting system in the majority of countries. This indicates that many event involving exposure to contamination are not reported. The pathogens encountered in the primary published series include bacteria (<em>e.g., Brucella</em> spp.<em>, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella</em> spp.<em>, Shigella</em> spp.<em>, Neisseria meningitidis, Coxiella burnetii)</em>, viruses (<em>e.g.,</em> HBV, HCV, HIV, SARS-CoV-1, VEEV), and particularly dangerous viruses (<em>e.g.,</em> hantavirus, filovirus, arenavirus), and less frequently fungi, parasites, and prions. Approximately 70% of these incidents are attributable to human errors. The primary modes of contamination are inhalation of aerosols and accidental parenteral injections. Additionally, contamination may occur during the handling of pathogens and the decontamination of waste, as well as during the inactivation processes of mass cultures utilized in vaccine production. It is therefore imperative that any incident or accident linked to contact with pathogens in laboratories be made compulsory to report. This will facilitate the systematic monitoring of these infections and data analysis for educational purposes, thereby enhancing prevention of laboratory accidents and leaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 3","pages":"Article 104277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxic and explosive risks in pharmacy: An underestimated reality 药房的有毒和爆炸性风险：一个被低估的现实。

IF 5 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104364

Khristina Yap Larioui, Karim Khoukh, Sarah Zekri, Fabien Bruno

{"title":"Toxic and explosive risks in pharmacy: An underestimated reality","authors":"Khristina Yap Larioui, Karim Khoukh, Sarah Zekri, Fabien Bruno","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmacists, while central to medication safety, face underestimated risks due to their daily exposure to toxic and explosive substances. In compounding pharmacies, handling carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic (CMR) substances such as chemotherapy drugs, anesthetic gases, antibiotics, and hormones poses significant health hazards. These substances can cause environmental and secondary contamination through fine powder dispersion or volatile vapors, leading to indirect exposure even with standard protective gear. Explosive and fire risks also abound, especially with volatile solvents like ethanol, acetone, and ethyl ether. These substances are flammable and require careful storage and handling. Accidental chemical reactions, such as the mixing of acids and bases or contact between unstable compounds like picric acid and friction, can result in toxic gas release or explosions. To mitigate these dangers, pharmacies must implement strict preventive measures. This includes the use of fume hoods, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and standardized protocols for hazardous drug preparation. Flammable substances must be stored in ventilated, ATEX-compliant cabinets, and chemicals clearly labeled with updated safety data sheets (SDS). Safe waste management and continuous staff training are also essential. Current challenges, such as drug shortages, force pharmacies to work with unfamiliar raw materials, increasing the risk of accidents. A notable example is potassium clavulanate, a fine powder prone to dust explosions if not carefully managed. Ultimately, ensuring pharmacist safety requires a culture of vigilance, continuous education, and adherence to safety protocols to manage both toxicological and explosive risks effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 3","pages":"Article 104364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148318531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Albinism: Management and care of ophthalmological manifestations 白化病：眼科表现的处理和护理。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104334

Maxence Rateaux , Dominique Bremond-Gignac , Matthieu P. Robert

{"title":"Albinism: Management and care of ophthalmological manifestations","authors":"Maxence Rateaux , Dominique Bremond-Gignac , Matthieu P. Robert","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Albinism is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by both dermatological and ophthalmological expressions. In ophthalmological practice, patients with albinism frequently present with nystagmus and reduced visual acuity, the diagnosis having been made previously on dermatological features, or not. Specific ophthalmological features include iris transillumination, macular hypopigmentation, and foveal hypoplasia, all of them being quantifiable clinically using reproducible grading systems. Refractive errors (most often with-the-rule astigmatism and hypermetropia), along with strabismus (both eso- and exotropia), are also commonly encountered. Anatomical anomaly of the visual pathway, specifically chiasmal misrouting of retinal fibers, is a consistent finding. It potentially results in the presence of an abnormal angle lambda, which can manifest as a pseudo-exotropia appearance. The identification and quantification of all clinical signs allow to fully characterize the patient’s phenotype, and often to make the diagnosis of albinism, from infancy to adulthood.</div><div>The first step of the ophthalmological management in children consists in screening for amblyopia or amblyogenic factors (such as strabismus and refractive errors). Subsequently, management is typically divided into three key categories. Improvement of visual acuity through cycloplegic refraction and prescription of full optical correction (via spectacles or contact lenses). Management of infantile nystagmus syndrome, which can sometimes benefit from contact lenses, prisms, or surgical interventions. Tailored visual rehabilitation by prescribing spectral filter spectacles and low-vision aids whenever needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 3","pages":"Article 104334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in albinism 白化病的最新进展。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104332

Fanny Morice-Picard , Modibo Diallo , Benoit Arveiler

引用次数: 0

Albinism: from genetics to cell biology and physiopathology 白化病：从遗传学到细胞生物学和生理病理学。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104333

Modibo Diallo , Laura Salavessa , Benoit Arveiler , Cédric Delevoye

{"title":"Albinism: from genetics to cell biology and physiopathology","authors":"Modibo Diallo , Laura Salavessa , Benoit Arveiler , Cédric Delevoye","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Albinism classically encompasses several forms: oculocutaneous (OCA), ocular (OA1 and Foveal hypoplasia optic nerve decussation defect anterior segment dysgenesis syndrome [FHONDA]), and syndromic (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome [HPS], Chediak-Higashi syndrome [CHS]), with all being autosomal recessive except X-linked recessive OA1. Twenty-one genes are identified to date, with OCA1 being most common in Europeans or patients of European descent and OCA2 in Sub-Saharan Africans. Their sequencing provides a diagnostic rate of ∼70 %, though unresolved cases may arise from variants in poorly explored non-coding regions, undetected genes, or differential diagnoses. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying non-syndromic forms of albinism affect the ability of pigment cells to synthesize melanin pigments in melanosomes, mainly through defects in melanogenic enzymes, or in ion channels or transporters affecting melanosome pH regulation. In contrast, syndromic forms of albinism (e.g., HPS subtypes) are membrane trafficking disorders caused by mutations in multi-subunit protein complexes (e.g., BLOC1, BLOC2, BLOC3, or AP-3) targeting the formations and functions of certain lysosome-related organelles (LROs), of which the melanosome is a prototypical member. Integrating clinical, genetic and fundamental research is essential for a comprehensive understanding of albinism, from patient manifestations to identifying molecular targets and elucidating their cell and tissue-specific functions, ultimately paving the way for improved diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 3","pages":"Article 104333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI in clinical diagnostics in dermatology: applications, validation, and real-world use cases. 皮肤科临床诊断中的人工智能：应用、验证和现实世界用例。

IF 5 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104373

Martin Kassir, Mohamad Goldust

{"title":"AI in clinical diagnostics in dermatology: applications, validation, and real-world use cases.","authors":"Martin Kassir, Mohamad Goldust","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved from proof-of-concept studies in dermatology to selective, real-world clinical use, particularly in image-based triage, lesion assessment, and workflow augmentation. Dermatology is uniquely suited to AI because much of diagnostic reasoning depends on visual information (clinical photos, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography) plus context (history, distribution, symptoms, treatments, and risk factors). Yet translation into routine care depends less on eye-catching benchmark accuracy and more on careful validation, robust reference standards, fairness across skin tones and devices, usability within clinical workflows, and continuous post-deployment monitoring for performance and safety. This review summarizes leading diagnostic applications of AI in dermatology, provides a practical framework for clinical validation, and highlights real-world deployment patterns including teledermatology triage, melanoma risk workflows, inflammatory dermatoses severity scoring, and AI-assisted dermatopathology. We emphasize that \"AI performance\" is not a single number: the intended use (screening vs. diagnosis vs. referral prioritization), operating thresholds, prevalence, human-AI interaction, and downstream clinical actions determine real impact. Finally, we outline implementation considerations (governance, privacy, regulatory expectations, and monitoring) and propose practical steps for clinics and health systems seeking safe adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":" ","pages":"104373"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary toxicity of immune-checkpoint inhibitors 免疫检查点抑制剂的肺毒性。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104329

Cédric Mahiat, Jacques Cadranel, Vincent Fallet, Constance Meteye, Sébastien Gendarme, Jérémy Slomka, Anthony Canellas

引用次数: 0

Adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the endocrine system 免疫检查点抑制剂对内分泌系统的不良影响。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104328

Maria Ortega Abad, Ricardo Correa

引用次数: 0

Update on dermatological toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors 免疫检查点抑制剂皮肤毒性的最新进展。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Presse Medicale Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104330

Davide Fattore , Giuseppe Lauletta , Cecile Pages , Valentine Theret , Vincent Sibaud

{"title":"Update on dermatological toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors","authors":"Davide Fattore , Giuseppe Lauletta , Cecile Pages , Valentine Theret , Vincent Sibaud","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpm.2025.104330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has emerged as a transformative approach in the treatment of various malignancies. ICIs target immune regulatory pathways—specifically cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)—to reinvigorate anti-tumor immune responses. However, these therapies can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to systemic immune activation and loss of tolerance. Among the most common irAEs are those affecting the skin, manifesting as a spectrum of cutaneous autoimmune reactions. These range from self-limiting reactions (i.e. eczema-like reactions, psoriasis, lichenoid reactions, vitiligo) to severe and potentially life-threatening conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or autoimmune blistering diseases. Cutaneous irAEs can significantly affect a patient's quality of life and may necessitate dose adjustments or permanent discontinuation of life-prolonging therapies. Importantly, some skin toxicities may correlate with favorable anti-tumor responses. This article comprehensively reviews epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, including rare and emerging patterns, diagnostic strategies, management protocols, and future directions in the understanding and treatment of cutaneous irAEs induced by immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"55 2","pages":"Article 104330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0