Procedia Structural Integrity最新文献

{"title":"Defects detection of pier and abutments foundations: an overview of a recent experience in Basilicata (Southern Italy)","authors":"Michele D’Amato ,&nbsp;A. Lo Monaco ,&nbsp;A. Palmiotta ,&nbsp;A. Ranaldo ,&nbsp;S.F. Dal Sasso ,&nbsp;M. Fiorentino ,&nbsp;M.R. Margiotta ,&nbsp;B. Onorati ,&nbsp;B. Sileo ,&nbsp;T. Pizzolla","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piers and abutments are bridge supports temporarily or permanently immersed into the water, that may suffer erosion and scour phenomena. As known, the latter involves different processes at different spatial scales not easy to investigate in a combined approach, such as: contraction scour, local scour, gradation of the soil bed, river channel dynamic, climate change and hydrological forces. To this, it should be added that piers/abutments are highly exposed to environmental actions, such as earthquake, landslides and floods that may seriously compromise their stability and, consequently, lead the bridge or an its portion to an out-of-service, or else to a failure. Therefore, it is important to properly identify and assess defects extent and severity on piers and abutments, in order to evaluate their conservation status, and to formulate a judgment for ranking priorities within a multi-level and multi-criteria framework, such as the recent guidelines issued by the Italian Ministry of Infrastructures and Transport. To this regard, in this work an overview of some significant defects related to piers and abutments, with particular emphasis to the ones due to the interaction with the water flow, are illustrated and commented. They are collected in an on-going campaign of inspections performed in the Basilicata region (South of Italy), concerning bridges falling within State Roads networks. Comments are made from a structural and hydraulic point view, in order to highlight the inspected defects importance within the Classes of Attention, according to Italian Guidelines for bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the failure costs of a bridge","authors":"Alberto Contardi ,&nbsp;Francesco La Fortezza","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preferable maintenance strategy for aged bridges is the one which involves the lowest possible total cost for the community, where for each bridge the total cost is expressed by the sum of the costs of the interventions plus total damages caused by exceeding the limit states multiplied by the probability of exceeding the limit states.</div><div>The most delicate and most complex part of the calculation is the determination of damages since the uncertainties involved are many and the values of these parameters may significantly impact on the results of the calculation. Each damage can be estimated as the sum of direct costs (reconstruction of the collapsed part, social consequences like injuries and fatalities, environmental effects) and indirect damages (infrastructure disruption, psychological effects).</div><div>Direct costs are quite easy to calculate, but they are also the least significant items. We could evaluate the huge amount of indirect costs using the studies available in literature and also learning from past accidents. Today we know the economic and social consequences of many historical collapses, so it is possible to find out which factors influence the results the most and to determine the real magnitude of each type of damage. In this article many indications are provided to make a reliable estimate of the failure costs for a generic bridge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road bridges exposure and alternative routes: towards the definition of road network resilience","authors":"Giada Limongi ,&nbsp;Pasquale Bencivenga ,&nbsp;Costantino Dell’Aversano ,&nbsp;Vittorio Emanuele Iervolino ,&nbsp;Angelo Lavino ,&nbsp;Mattia Zizi ,&nbsp;Gianfranco De Matteis","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The road network represents both element-at-risk and key infrastructure to ensure the accessibility of peripheral areas. The overall risk levels of bridges depend on geophysical (mainly earthquakes and landslides) and hydrometeorological hazards (mainly floods), the physical vulnerability of structures, and the exposure (mainly resulting from traffic flows and the presence of alternative roads). In mountain contexts and peripheral territories, the accessibility of entire territorial system directly depends on few trunk and secondary roads. The risk assessment of bridges, according to the Ministerial Guidelines, provides inputs for a territorial risk assessment starting from the accessibility of peripheral territories and the redundancy of the road network as features to determine the resilience of the road network. This study aims at understanding the relationships between bridges as elements-at-risk part of the road network and the influence they have on the overall accessibility of a territory. In this study, through a GIS analysis of a set of selected roads of the Provinces of Caserta (Campania Region), the presence of bridges along the selected roads have been combined with data on the accessibility levels of municipalities they connect. At this purpose, reference to the classification provided by the National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI) has been made to understand how such a classification can change due to a road interruption because of a bridge interruption. The contribution aims at setting the stage for the implementation of a method to determine the presence of alternative roads based on travel times adopted by the SNAI classification and, as a result, the definition of unique threshold values that justifies the variation of the exposure class and allows to determine the resilience of the whole road network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological models and datasets to support flood flow estimation at river-bridge intersections","authors":"D. Ganora ,&nbsp;G. Evangelista ,&nbsp;P. Mazzoglio ,&nbsp;P. Claps","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A working group on the \"Hydraulic Compatibility of Bridges\" (sites.google.com/view/gii-ponti) has been recently established in the hydraulic engineering academic community aiming at reviewing methodologies, studying good practices, and suggesting guidelines for assessing the bridge hydraulic compatibility. In this initiative, a subgroup is focusing on the hydrological aspects as in Italy there are not standard procedures to estimate design flood values requested by the Italian technical standards of constructions (NTC 2018) over the whole country as, for example, in the UK where the Flood Estimation Handbook provides standard data and methods. Some models are available at the regional scale but are often based on not up-to-date data; moreover, while in large rivers flood discharge values, defined according to the European Flood Directive have been computed and mapped, in small river catchments they are not available.</div><div>In this context, the unit of Politecnico di Torino working on hydrology is going to release some country-wide hydrological datasets, including all the available official information on discharge and rainfall extremes updated to recent years, that can be used as a common reference for bridge analyses. These include high-resolution maps of extreme precipitation statistics, a database of flood flow extremes recorded at more than 600 river sections, and a catalogue of river catchments characteristics (morphology, climate, land use, etc).</div><div>Nation-wide datasets can support the application of standardized hydrological analyses, needed for flood hazard assessment, especially in small basins. Operational products will be made available within the PNRR RETURN project in order to be easily available and referable for any hydrological analysis in Italy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition of direct and indirect types of landslide-bridge interference and a checklist for identifying and characterizing potential landslides","authors":"Nicola Perilli ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Lombardi ,&nbsp;Nicola Nenci ,&nbsp;Nunziante Squeglia ,&nbsp;Stefano Stacul","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the new Italian Guidelines on existing bridges (LLG) the evaluation of the landslide susceptibility, vulnerability, and exposure, is based on the collection of the data necessary to fill the Field Sheet Form during the Periodic Field Surveys. Based on the knowledge and expertise gained during the inspections of the surrounding areas of a relevant number of existing bridges located in different geomorphological and geological contexts (i.e., Northern and Southern Apennines of Italy), the Authors recognized several difficulties in the accurate evaluation of the parameters to assess susceptibility and vulnerability according to LLG. In particular, the evaluation of the secondary parameters, namely <em>extent of the interference</em> and <em>overall reliability of the assessment</em>, depends greatly on the arbitrariness of the inspector. The main objectives of this work are: (a) to provide useful elements to distinguish between two types of landslide-bridge interference (direct and indirect) and evaluate the <em>extent of the interference</em> parameter (available options are: <em>Total, Partial</em>, and <em>Approach Zone</em>); (b) to propose an Additional Field Sheet Form aimed to improve the identification and characterization of Potential Landslides and to make more objective the self-evaluation of the inspector about the <em>overall reliability of the assessment</em> (two options: <em>good, limited</em>) of the primary parameters characterizing the landslide (<em>activity, velocity</em>, and <em>magnitude</em>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensile and nanoindentation tests analysis of Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"David Liović ,&nbsp;Marina Franulović ,&nbsp;Nenad Gubeljak ,&nbsp;Ervin Kamenar ,&nbsp;Dražan Kozak ,&nbsp;Emanuele Vaglio","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are widely used in the fabrication of topologically complex components with thin-walled features, such as lattice structures. In this context, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most commonly used AM technologies for producing such components. In order to further expand and justify the application of these components in operation and to model their mechanical behavior, it is necessary to know the mechanical properties of the matrix material from which they are formed. Therefore, there is currently a high interest in studying the behavior of these materials when subjected to monotonic or cyclic loading. However, determining the mechanical properties of the matrix material of thin-walled structures using tensile tests is challenging on the required subsize specimens. As a micro- or even nano-scale technology, nanoindentation can be used to probe a small volume of specimen, thus allowing the mechanical properties such as Young modulus, of thin-walled structures to be determined. In this work, Young's modulus of L-PBF Ti6Al4V alloy produced using different laser power and scanning speed combinations, has been determined on nano and macro scale. By comparing obtained results at both scales, it is evident that Young's modulus values determined at nano scale are higher and more scattered when compared to results determined at macro scale. Furthermore, this study implies that a wider range or a higher number of L-PBF process parameters should be considered to model it's influence on Young's modulus with higher accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452321624000052/pdf?md5=0d0cdf740cea8030be03d8041ac1020a&pid=1-s2.0-S2452321624000052-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of durability of 3D-printed multi-material parts for potential applications in structures exposed to marine environments","authors":"C.T. Duarte ,&nbsp;H.F.M. de Queiroz ,&nbsp;J.S.S. Neto ,&nbsp;D.K.K. Cavalcanti ,&nbsp;M.D. Banea","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional methods of manufacture require the assembly of individual components to create multi-material structures, leading to increased costs and weight, as well as potentially reduced usable lifetimes. However, there are numerous applications that cannot be realized using conventional manufacturing techniques, as they need a multi-material approach. Additive manufacturing presents a ground-breaking opportunity to fabricate components that combine diverse materials in a single part or incorporate three-dimensional gradient areas throughout the entire cross-section of the component. The utilization of additive manufacturing has transcended its initial prototype phase and has garnered attention for its potential in facilitating low-scale production of products employed across various areas, including underwater field, such as components of the underwater acoustic recorder used by the Brazilian Navy. In this study, the durability of 3D-printed multi-material parts for potential applications in structures exposed to marine environments was investigated. Multi-material sandwich structures with outer layers made of ABS and a PLA core were fabricated using a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer. Three different configurations were studied, varying the number of ABS layers (one, three and five layers of ABS were used). The ageing process was carried out in seawater for 60 days. Tensile and flexural tests were used to measure the mechanical properties of both unaged (control) and aged specimens. As expected, the highest water absorption was observed in the PLA samples, while the lowest in ABS samples. For the multi-material samples the lower absorption was found for the one layer ABS samples. For the unaged samples, the mechanical properties (tensile and flexural) varied as a function of varying the number of ABS layers, while for the aged samples, a plateau tendency was observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452321624000374/pdf?md5=84cda984ffa2e5aacef82e824c47139c&pid=1-s2.0-S2452321624000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a 3D Printed Composite under Monotonic and Cyclic Tensile Loading","authors":"P.N.B. Reis ,&nbsp;J.A.M. Ferreira ,&nbsp;J.D.M. Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-performance composite materials generally respond in a manner close to that of linear-elastic materials with brittle failure in many cases. However, when the mechanical behaviour of the matrix is predominant, these composites show non-linear elasticity, viscous effects, and plastic deformations before failure. Therefore, these materials should be analysed to understand their response in long-term applications. For this purpose, the mechanical response of a composite reinforced with short carbon fibres and graphene subjected to monotonic tensile tests, as well as cyclic tests at constant load and repeated progressive load will be evaluated. The results showed that this type of composite, and all those with similar behaviour, require a complex model to predict their mechanical behaviour.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452321624000386/pdf?md5=11937e469ff0a665d174fd76e5389d6c&pid=1-s2.0-S2452321624000386-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of geometry and thermal aging on the strength of 3D-printed polymer parts","authors":"Mohammad Reza Khosravani,&nbsp;Tamara Reinicke","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on advantages of additive manufacturing (AM), this technology is becoming one of the most popular and preferable manufacturing processes in different industries. Although AM was introduced for fabrication of prototypes, it has been used for production of end-use products. Consequently, the mechanical strength of AMed parts has become of significant importance. In the present study, Influence of geometry and thermal aging on the mechanical strength of AMed parts has been investigated. To this aim, polylactic acid material was used to print specimens based on fused deposition modeling process. Since geometry of AMed parts has effect on their mechanical behavior, the specimens with three different geometries are fabricated and examined. Particularly, dumbbell-shaped, smooth, and V-notched specimens were subjected to tensile load under static loading conditions. In addition, in order to evaluate Influence of thermal environment, we carried out an accelerated thermal aging within temperatures of -5°C to 35°C, which is below glass temperature of the examined material. Experimental results showed different fracture behaviors and tensile strength due to the different geometries. Moreover, based on a series of tests, the failure behavior of original and aged specimens are determined. The outcomes of this study confirmed that the geometrical appearance and environmental working conditions of AMed parts must be taken into account in the design of these components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452321624000325/pdf?md5=34253e2fc918b2250ab1733176497d60&pid=1-s2.0-S2452321624000325-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on tensile properties of FFF PEEK: Effects of printing parameters and post-processing treatment","authors":"Alessandro Greco ,&nbsp;Alessandro De Luca ,&nbsp;Raffaele Sepe ,&nbsp;Salvatore Gerbino","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigated on the tensile properties of Additive Manufacturing (AM) PolyEther Ether Ketone (PEEK) under different printing and post processing conditions, with a focus on providing insights for future fatigue tests. PEEK is a high-performance thermoplastic material with excellent mechanical properties that is widely used in many industries. In this study, the miniFactory Ultra 3D printer, based on Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology, was used to fabricate PEEK specimens so as to assess the influence of printing parameters on the mechanical performances. Three key factors were considered: layer height, infill pattern and annealing as possible post-processing treatment. The variation of layer height and infill pattern aimed at evaluating their effects on the tensile properties, whereas annealing treatment was performed to assess the influence of residual stresses. The results indicated that infill pattern significantly affected the tensile properties, whereas annealing did not improve properties of specimens with triangular infill pattern. This research provides valuable insights for industries such as aerospace, automotive, and healthcare, where AM PEEK components are increasingly utilized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452321624000222/pdf?md5=0249594905781dd740ba9556cda6546e&pid=1-s2.0-S2452321624000222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}