Procedia Structural Integrity最新文献

{"title":"The Italian Guidelines for special inspections of post-tensioned concrete bridges: review and case study","authors":"Eleonora Bruschi ,&nbsp;Dalila Rossi ,&nbsp;Carlo Pettorruso ,&nbsp;Luca Zoccolini ,&nbsp;Virginio Quaglini","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-tensioned (PT) concrete bridges are structural systems characterized by intrinsic fragility. The assessment of their health condition is very difficult due to their nature, which prevents the detection of degradation in PT elements through conventional investigation methods and/or visual inspections. For this reason, the Italian Guidelines for the maintenance of existing bridges envisage special inspections to assess the condition of the post-tensioning system. According to the dedicated Guideline, the special inspection procedure consists of four steps. First there is Step O, which identifies the number and location of PT samples to be investigated based on the historical•critical review of available documentation and the visible defects in the post-tensioned members. Then, in Step 1 a preliminary analysis of the identified PT elements is performed, identifying the presence and location of active defects and grout voids, as well as the probability of corrosion of the reinforcement through non-destructive tests. In Step 2, the analysis of defects becomes more accurate, determining the probability of corrosion and estimating the level of stress in the concrete and in post-tensioned cables through locally destructive tests. Step 3 is applied if the outcome of Step 2 is uncertain and involves the experimental analysis of the overall structural response of the bridge. Eventually, in case the presence of damaged PT elements is confirmed, a load assessment of the structure is performed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the investigation method proposed by the Italian Guidelines, highlighting its strengths and potential weaknesses. The procedure is applied to the Dora Riparia River Bridge, located in Avigliana (Turin) on provincial road SP197. The bridge consists of seven spans, 21.4 m long, and is characterized by a simply supported static layout; each span has four post-tensioned I-shape beams and four post-tensioned diaphragms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The IRRADIA research project for the advanced management of infrastructures","authors":"Alberto Brajon ,&nbsp;Eleonora Cesolini ,&nbsp;Davide Bernardini ,&nbsp;Franco Ciminelli ,&nbsp;Egidio Lofrano ,&nbsp;Achille Paolone","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AISICO and ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome are working on the project IRRADIA, a research program aiming to investigate the use of Artificial Intelligence for the structural assessment of railway and road infrastructures. The starting point is the BRIGHT method (BRIdGes Health Testing method, patented by AISICO), already applied on a large data set of information, and essentially based on the automatic detection of damages on structural elements of bridges and viaducts. The results carried out on 80 railway bridges provide new ideas to the sector of monitoring and control of existing infrastructures in terms of automatization. Then, the BRIGHT method, built on the railway specifications described by DOMUS, has been recently expanded to meet the requirements of the 2022 Italian Guidelines for existing road bridges and viaducts (DM 204, 1/07/2022). These require to fulfill several defect sheets for each structural element (e.g., beams, transversal beams, slabs, piers, abutments, supports, and so on), with a proper evaluation, for each defect, of type, extension and intensity. It follows that the damage evaluation requires usually a large number of operations with a high level of repetitiveness. Therefore, the use of AI techniques is a promising tool for the near future, to acquire and collect the images with unmanned aerial vehicle, from one hand, and to fulfill the defect sheets, from the other one, reducing time and cost. In this framework, one of the main goals of the cited IRRADIA research project is the investigation of the results obtained with the BRIGHT method extended to 2022 Italian Guidelines, that is, to road infrastructures. In this contribution the first results obtained on two bridges, the first in reinforced concrete and the second with a masonry structure, are presented and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health assessment of road bridges with Gerber saddles: non-linear planar models","authors":"Pasquale Fusco ,&nbsp;Davide Bernardini ,&nbsp;Gianfranco De Matteis ,&nbsp;Egidio Lofrano ,&nbsp;Achille Paolone ,&nbsp;Mattia Zizi","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A correct assessment of the structural behavior and performance of deteriorated structures is crucial both for a proper planning of maintenance works and for a correct design of new structures in aggressive environments. The aim of this work is to investigate the response of Gerber saddles to the variation of the two main parameters representing typical damaged scenarios: the concrete cover and the diameter of the steel reinforcements. The analyses are conducted through Finite Element two-dimensional non-linear models based on the compatible stress field; the results are compared with the relevant ‘Strut and Tie’ models. At first, parametric analyses are carried out, in order to evaluate the sensitivity of load capacity to the position of steel rebars and to the dimension of concrete cover; this first part of the contribution aims to highlight the importance of an adequate level of knowledge. Then, the contribution focuses on the reduction of saddle capacity due to degradation conditions, referred to both the loss of concrete cover and the corrosion of reinforcing bars. The analyses closes with a comparison among the results provided by the two-dimensional investigations and the ones provided by the relevant ‘Strut and Tie’ models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 385-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoperability between structural and geotechnical analysis for the study of safety in existing bridges","authors":"Adalgisa Zirpoli ,&nbsp;Paolo Sattamino","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the engineering community has shown a significant increase in interest in the field of soil-structure interaction. This problem is undoubtedly one of the most complex. Despite the exponential increase in computer performance in the last two decades, followed by the continuous development of numerical methods, the interaction between structural analysis programs and geotechnical issues remains limited. Specialized calculation codes for structural engineering and geotechnical engineering often operate independently. The reason for this separation lies in the highly specialized capabilities that a solver designed for geotechnical issues must possess. However, it remains crucial to incorporate the structural element within its geotechnical context, especially in the case of structures that are fully or partially embedded in the ground, such as tunnels, retaining walls, bridge abutments, and so on. There exists a mutual and reciprocal influence of the stress-strain state: the stiffness (and strength) of the foundation determines the response of the structure, which in turn affects the response of the foundation through its own stiffness. In many projects, there is an increasing demand to develop analyses that harness the full potential of both the structural and geotechnical aspects. Hence, there is a clear need to establish a connection between these two computational environments. The proposed solution involves the interaction of two programs: Midas Civil, an essential tool for structural engineers, and Flac 3D, a general-purpose software for geotechnical engineering. As explained further, this interaction is made possible thanks to the flexibility and openness of both software codes. Referring to a real case study of a road bridge with a superstructure consisting of reinforced concrete beams, this paper will illustrate the main challenges, significant steps, and undeniable advantages obtained through this approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 492-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Model of 3D Printed Joint of Wooden Frame","authors":"Petr Lehner ,&nbsp;David Juračka ,&nbsp;Dominik Gřešica ,&nbsp;Martin Krejsa","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regardless of the type of material, 3D printing seems to be an interesting alternative to conventional construction methods. Leaving aside the use of 3D printing systems for concrete or cement composites, the more conventional 3D printing of plastic, metal or other separated materials may also have its hypothetical benefits in the creation of structural joints. For truss structures, such as arch bridges, certain types of joints can be expected that do not always have the same angle between the single-plane load-bearing elements of the structure. In such a case, the use of 3D printing technology for joint fabrication is defensible. In the case of a standard scale and using experience from timber bridges, one would assume that an embedded plate and pin connection would be the appropriate connection form. In contrast, from the point of view of producing smaller physical models, mainly for a deeper understanding of the comparability issues of numerical modelling and experimental testing, it is advantageous to use so-called enveloping timber element connections. The present paper describes the basic process of numerical analysis of a detail of a wooden arch bridge connection made from 3D printed polycarbonate joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the response of masonry arch bridges under different scour scenarios","authors":"Fabrizio Scozzese ,&nbsp;Enrico Tubaldi ,&nbsp;Andrea Dall’Asta","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last decades, several flood-induced bridge collapses have been registered all over the world, in particular related to local scour phenomenon. Masonry bridges, which constitute the most of the existing infrastructure heritage worldwide, are significantly sensitive to this problem because of their high stiffness and typically shallow foundations. With the aim of helping to understand the response of masonry arch bridges under scour actions, this paper proposes a numerical study on a real case study. A 3D finite element model of the bridge is developed in Abaqus accounting for both mechanical and geometrical nonlinearities, then two possible scour scenarios are simulated by following a consolidated procedure proposed in previous works and the damage mechanisms activated at different scour levels are analyzed and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 424-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nozzle Diameter on Tensile and Fracture Behavior of FDM-PLA Samples","authors":"Shadi Salamatian Hosseini ,&nbsp;Amir Nabavi-Kivi ,&nbsp;Majid R Ayatollahi ,&nbsp;Michal Petru","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique is a subcategory of additive manufacturing processes that works by extruding a fine polymeric filament on the heated bed. The current research paper surveys the influence of nozzle diameter as a manufacturing parameter on the mechanical properties and mode I fracture behavior of the FDM-PLA samples. Four different nozzle diameters of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mm with two raster configurations of 0/90° and 45/-45° were considered for printing the dog-bone and Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) samples. Also, to evaluate the fracture resistance of FDM-PLA pre-cracked samples, the critical value of J-integral (<em>Jc</em>) was used and calculated through a finite element analysis. The obtained results indicated that the raster angle of 45/-45° resulted in higher mechanical properties compared to 0/90° one, also, the 1 mm nozzle diameter presented a better performance from a mechanical property point of view. The SCB sample printed through the 1 mm nozzle diameter and 45/-45° raster orientation had the highest value of <em>Jc</em> (10400 J/m²). Besides, the crack extension paths were monitored and discussed comprehensively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452321624005419/pdf?md5=ba8c3b50a74cc5ddd3f84c7a6726826c&pid=1-s2.0-S2452321624005419-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Print Orientation on Mode-I Fracture Toughness of Additively Manufactured PLA: Simulation by XFEM","authors":"Bahman Paygozar,&nbsp;Recep M. Gorguluarslan","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.06.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.06.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In engineering applications, considering the growing utilization of Polylactic acid (PLA) material manufactured through material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing techniques, it becomes imperative to predict its fracture behavior to assess damage thoroughly under various loading scenarios. As an initial step, this study focuses on determining the Mode-I fracture toughness of the PLA material manufactured by MEX in three different print orientations through a three-point (3P) bending fracture test. The raster angle utilized to fabricate the single-edge notch bending (SENB) specimens was chosen as ±45°. Three different print orientations were used to investigate the effects of printing direction (i.e., horizontal, lateral, and vertical) on the fracture properties. The fracture properties were extracted per the standard ASTM D5045-14 on the specimens fabricated in three different print orientations. The values of Mode-I fracture toughness of PLA were respectively obtained as 4.22, 4.18, and 3.56 MPa/m with horizontal, lateral, and vertical print orientation. Then, corresponding fracture energy values were calculated for numerical investigations. A commercial finite element package was utilized to employ the extracted values into the extended finite element method (XFEM) and investigate the crack propagation in the specimens. It was found that the numerical analyses well simulated the crack propagation and peak load (damage initiation point) experienced in the SENB specimens tested under 3P bending loading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 232-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452321624005675/pdf?md5=27217defed089127419a9b78c8771451&pid=1-s2.0-S2452321624005675-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Element Layout and Notching Technique on the Fracture Toughness of FFF-Processed Thermoplastics","authors":"Albert E. Patterson ,&nbsp;Charul Chadha ,&nbsp;Iwona M. Jasiuk ,&nbsp;James T. Allison","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work explores the effects of notching method and element layout on the fracture loading properties of thermoplastic materials processed using fused filament fabrication (FFF). Three common thermoplastic materials were used (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polylatide, and polycarbonate). Four different notching methods were used, with printed and machined notches and with and without pre-cracking on ASTM <span><span>D5045</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> compact tension specimens (n = 36). It was concluded that the notching method has a statistically significant impact on the sample preparation and that pre-cracking is necessary in all cases. Using this information to prepare specimens, a designed experiment using four different element layout strategies and two different nozzle sizes was completed with a total of 72 tests. The layout pattern was shown to have a very strong effect on the maximum fracture load, with the nozzle size showing a smaller but still statistically significant impact. With the exception of one layout using polycarbonate with likely design-driven printing defects, the results were very consistent through several replications. The results of this study are useful for making design decisions with FFF-processed materials, for better understanding the impact of the process design, and for working toward standardized printing and testing methods for additive manufacturing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452321624005572/pdf?md5=56204d7c58b14ec10406d044226adfee&pid=1-s2.0-S2452321624005572-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and analytical investigation on the evaluation of residual stresses in prestressed concrete girders","authors":"Giulia Rossini ,&nbsp;Matteo Lamberti ,&nbsp;Stefano G. Mantelli ,&nbsp;Fausto Minelli ,&nbsp;Giovanni Plizzari","doi":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the strength of prestressed reinforced concrete (PRC) structures, particularly under shear, substantially depends on the effective residual prestressing force, the evaluation of residual stresses in prestressed concrete structures is currently a target of importance. Three semi-destructive techniques were used on the 4 PRC full scale: core trepanning, saw-cut at intrados, and blunt pyramidal specimen for in-situ prestressing evaluation based on tension release. Furthermore, a novel method, resembling parallel saw cuts at the intrados but applied to the web, was introduced and examined. Among the tested techniques, this latter approach demonstrated the highest reliability, and both 2D and 3D finite element models were developed and extensively discussed to support the findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20518,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Structural Integrity","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 347-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}