Md Shohag Sarker, Md Moktadirul Alam, Chen Jiao, Wu Shuqi, Li Xiaohui, Nasir Ali, L O Mallasiy, Azizah A Alshehri
{"title":"Maximizing polyphenol yield: ultrasound-assisted extraction and antimicrobial potential of mango peel.","authors":"Md Shohag Sarker, Md Moktadirul Alam, Chen Jiao, Wu Shuqi, Li Xiaohui, Nasir Ali, L O Mallasiy, Azizah A Alshehri","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2411518","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2411518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques used to enhance the polyphenols and antioxidants of mango peel extract (MPE). Additionally, it explored the bacteriostatic activity of MPE against various microorganisms. The UAE method was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) at different times, temperatures, and ratios, with optimal conditions found to be 35 minutes, 45 °C, and a 1:35 ratio. The optimized yield results for total polyphenol content (TPC) were 17.33 ± 1.57 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content (TFC) was 12.14 ± 0.29 mg QE/g, and radical scavenging activity (RSA) was 72.11 ± 2.19%. These response models were extremely significant with p-values less than 0.05. MPE showed selective effectiveness against <i>Bacillus cereus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Escherichia coli (E. coli).</i> The results highlight the potential of mango peel as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, contributing to waste reduction in the food industry and the development of natural antimicrobial agents. This study contributes to further research on the application of MPE in processed foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monizy da Costa Silva, Ricardo Bezerra Costa, Josiel Santos do Nascimento, Marta Maria Oliveira Dos Santos Gomes, Alexsandra Nascimento Ferreira, Luciano Aparecido Meireles Grillo, José Maria Rodrigues da Luz, Francis Soares Gomes, Hugo Juarez Vieira Pereira
{"title":"Production of milk-coagulating protease by fungus <i>Pleurotus djamor</i> through solid state fermentation using wheat bran as the low-cost substrate.","authors":"Monizy da Costa Silva, Ricardo Bezerra Costa, Josiel Santos do Nascimento, Marta Maria Oliveira Dos Santos Gomes, Alexsandra Nascimento Ferreira, Luciano Aparecido Meireles Grillo, José Maria Rodrigues da Luz, Francis Soares Gomes, Hugo Juarez Vieira Pereira","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2399040","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2399040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds present in proteins and peptides. They are widely used for various industrial applications, such as in the detergent, food, and dairy industries. Cheese is one of the most important products of the dairy industry, and the coagulation stage is crucial during the cheese-making process. Enzymatic coagulation is the most common technique utilized for this purpose. Microbial enzymes are frequently used for coagulation due to their advantages in terms of availability, sustainability, quality control, product variety, and compliance with dietary and cultural/religious requirements. In the present study, we identified and subsequently characterized milk coagulant activity from the fungus <i>Pleurotus djamor</i> PLO13, obtained during a solid-state fermentation process, using the agro-industrial residue, wheat bran, as the fermentation medium. Maximum enzyme production and caseinolytic activity occurred 120 h after cultivation. When the enzyme activity against various protease-specific synthetic substrates and inhibitors was analyzed, the enzyme was found to be a serine protease, similar to elastase 2. This elastase-2-like serine protease was able to coagulate pasteurized whole and reconstituted skim milk highly efficiently in the presence and absence of calcium, even at room temperature. The coagulation process was influenced by factors such as temperature, time, and calcium concentration. We demonstrate here, for the first time, an elastase-2-like enzyme in a microorganism and its potential application in the food industry for cheese production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"278-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression and characterization of a thermostable monoacylglycerol lipase from thermophilic <i>Geobacillus kaustophilus</i>.","authors":"Noriyuki Doukyu, Hayato Ito, Kugako Sugimoto","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2361147","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2361147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermophilic <i>Geobacillus kaustophilus</i> HTA426 genome possesses a monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) gene. MAGLs can synthesize emulsifiers for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries from fatty acids and glycerol. They can also be used to analyze monoacylglycerol (MAG) levels in serum and food. The MAGL gene from strain HTA426 was artificially synthesized and heterologously expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21(DE3). The recombinant His-tag fused MAGL (GkMAGL) was purified using a Ni<sup>2+</sup>-affinity column. The purified enzyme showed a temperature optimum at 65 °C and was stable up to 75 °C after 30 min incubation. In addition, the enzyme exhibited a pH optimum of 7.5 and was stable from pH 5.0 to 11.0. The enzyme hydrolyzed monoacylglycerols and showed the highest activity toward 1-monolauroylglycerol. The enzyme was stable in the presence of various organic solvents and detergents. The addition of Triton X-100 significantly increased GkMAGL activity. The thermal stability of the enzyme was higher than that of thermostable MAGL from <i>Geobacillus</i> sp. 12AMOR1 (12AMOR1_MAGL). Circular dichroism spectral analysis showed that the conformational stability of the GkMAGL was higher than that of 12AMOR1_MAGL at higher temperatures. These results indicate that the GkMAGL has useful features that can be used for various biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"58-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xihua Chen, Xiaoyu Liang, Na Shi, Lu He, Yi Ma, Daochen Zhu, Zhong Ni, Huayou Chen
{"title":"New wheat straw fermentation feed: recombinant <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> efficient degradation of lignocellulose and increase feed protein.","authors":"Xihua Chen, Xiaoyu Liang, Na Shi, Lu He, Yi Ma, Daochen Zhu, Zhong Ni, Huayou Chen","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2353637","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2353637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat straw contains a high amount of lignin, hindering the action of cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes, leading to difficulties in nutrient absorption by animals from straw feed. However, currently, the biological treatment of straw relies primarily on fungal degradation and cannot be directly utilized for the preparation of livestock feed. This study focuses on enzymatic co-fermentation of wheat straw to produce high-protein, low-cellulose biological feed, integrating lignin degradation with feed manufacturing, thereby simplifying the feed production process. After the optimization using Box-Behnken Design for the feed formulation, with a glucose oxidase addition of 2.46%, laccase addition of 3.4%, and malonic acid addition of 0.6%, the wheat straw feed prepared in this experiment exhibited a true protein content of 9.35%. This represented a fourfold increase compared to the non-fermented state, and the lignocellulose degradation rate of wheat straw reached 45.42%. These results not only highlight the substantial enhancement in protein content but also underscore the significant advancement in lignocellulose breakdown. This formulation significantly enhanced the palatability and nutritional value of the straw feed, contributing to the industrial development of straw feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of exopolysaccharide production from the novel <i>Enterococcus</i> species, using statistical design of experiment.","authors":"Shivani Singh Gaur, Uday S Annapure","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2402337","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2402337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing novel strains of <i>Enterococcus</i> previously isolated from the vaginal source of pregnant women were selected based on ropy structure formation. The two selected strains, <i>E.villorum SB-2</i> and <i>E.rivorum S22-3,</i> were found to be producing 2.87 g/l and 3.14 g/l EPS, respectively, in the minimal media (M17 media) after 24-hour fermentation under anaerobic condition. Both the strains have probiotic properties and have the potential to be used for industrial applications. The production media and fermentation conditions were optimized to enhance the EPS production using the one-factor method, Placket-Burman factorial designing and Central composite design (CCD) of Response surface methodology (RSM). The most relevant factors affecting the EPS yield were sucrose, yeast extract and pH for E.villorum SB2 and sucrose, yeast extract and magnesium sulfate for the <i>E.rivorum S22-3</i> as determined by Placket-Burman design, whose concentrations were further optimized using CCD. The optimized fermentation conditions gave the total EPS of 9.76 g/l (4 times the initial production) from <i>E.villorum SB-2</i> and 7.74 g/l (2.5 times the initial production) from <i>E.rivorum S22-3</i>, respectively, after 36-hour incubation at 37 °C. These optimization studies might be helpful during scale-up process for the industrial scale production of these exopolysaccharide.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"297-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jônatas de Carvalho-Silva, Ana Cláudia Vaz de Araújo, Pedro Miguel Ferreira-Santos, Attilio Converti, Tatiana Souza Porto
{"title":"Pectinase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles coated with alginate for pectin hydrolysis in guava juice assisted by a stirred electromagnetic reactor.","authors":"Jônatas de Carvalho-Silva, Ana Cláudia Vaz de Araújo, Pedro Miguel Ferreira-Santos, Attilio Converti, Tatiana Souza Porto","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2432389","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2432389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aspergillus aculeatus</i> pectinase was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles coated with calcium alginate for pectin hydrolysis in guava juice by a stirred electromagnetic reactor (SER). The average crystallite size estimated by the Scherrer formula was 33.7 nm. The reaction rate in SER (701.7 U/mL) was almost twice that of the static process (362.5 U/mL). Both processes displayed a sigmoidal trend with positive cooperativity (<i>n</i>) of 5 and 4, respectively. Both free and immobilized pectinase showed great performance in the pH range of 4.0-7.0. After immobilization, pectinase acted optimally at 50 °C. Pectin hydrolysis was performed for over 10 successive cycles in SER losing only 30% of its initial activity. Thermodynamic activation parameters of the reaction revealed higher spontaneity and efficiency when hydrolysis was performed in SER. Pectin hydrolysis in guava juice displayed 41% turbidity and 85.5% viscosity reduction. The electromagnetic reactor displayed great potential for performing hydrolysis of pectin in guava juice. The biocatalyst showed good features for further applications in food industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"541-554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinwon Kim, Young-Kyoung Park, Myeong-Seon Ryu, Gwangsu Ha, Hee-Jong Yang, Do-Youn Jeong
{"title":"Enhanced phytoremediation and biosorption of cationic methylene blue dye by <i>Acidomyces acidophilus</i> ATCC 26774.","authors":"Jinwon Kim, Young-Kyoung Park, Myeong-Seon Ryu, Gwangsu Ha, Hee-Jong Yang, Do-Youn Jeong","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2471891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2471891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the enhancement of the phytoremediation and biosorption properties of the cationic dye methylene blue using <i>Acidomyces acidophilus</i> ATCC 26774 were investigated. Inoculation with <i>A. acidophilus</i> ATCC 26774 increased the length of <i>Bassica juncea</i> roots by 82.3% and stems by 37.7% in the presence of 50 mg/L MB dye. Furthermore, the dried biomass of <i>A. acidophilus</i> ATCC 26774 showed superior removal capacity (87.1%) of MB dye. The maximum adsorption capacities of the biomass were investigated at pH 11 (176.8 mg/g) and 0.09 g/20 ml dried biomass (120.3 mg/g), respectively. The influence of contact times (0-360 min) and initial concentrations (30.0-357.5 mg/L) on the biosorption of MB dye was also investigated. In addition, <i>A. acidophilus</i> ATCC 26774 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and point of zero charge (pH<sub>pzc</sub>). Equilibrium biosorption isotherms and kinetics results showed a Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models that fit well for MB dye biosorption. Monolayer biosorption, intraparticle diffusion, and chemisorption are predicted to play key roles in MB dye biosorption. In conclusion, <i>A. acidophilus</i> ATCC 26774 is proposed as an excellent plant growth promoting fungus and biosorbent with potential applications in the removal of cationic MB dye from the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"634-642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yifan Wang, Dan Shu, Zhemin Li, Di Luo, Jie Yang, Tianfu Li, Xiaonan Hou, Qi Yang, Hong Tan
{"title":"Screening and stability verification of reference genes in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> ZX2 fermentation.","authors":"Yifan Wang, Dan Shu, Zhemin Li, Di Luo, Jie Yang, Tianfu Li, Xiaonan Hou, Qi Yang, Hong Tan","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2405944","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2405944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, an airborne plant pathogen, holds the potential to synthesize sesquiterpenes, which have been used for the industrial production of abscisic acid. Previously, through our genetic technology, we obtained strain ZX2, whose main product 1´,4´-<i>trans</i>-ABA-diol is physiologically active in plants. In this study, 50 L of fed fermentation was carried out with ZX2 strain to study the stability of expression of <i>TUA</i>, <i>TUB</i>, <i>ATC</i>, <i>EF-1</i>, <i>GAPDH</i>, <i>UCE</i> and <i>GTP</i> genes. Four kinds of software (GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and Delta Ct) were used to analyze the expression stability of candidate genes, and finally the best reference gene was screened by RefFinder. Based on the results, the <i>ACT</i> was the most stable gene. It was used to normalize the expression levels of two genes related to 1´,4´-<i>trans</i>-ABA-diol production (<i>hmgr</i> and <i>bcaba3</i>) when fed-batch fermentation. Guide the selection of appropriate internal reference genes during the fermentation process to accurately quantify the relative transcription levels of target genes in <i>B.cinerea</i> ZX2.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"341-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tania P Castro-Jácome, Erik G Tovar-Pérez, Luz E Alcántara-Quintana
{"title":"Optimization of enzymatic production of anti-skin aging biopeptides from white sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L) Moench] grain.","authors":"Tania P Castro-Jácome, Erik G Tovar-Pérez, Luz E Alcántara-Quintana","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2366994","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2366994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, kafirins from white sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L) Moench] grain have shown promise as a source of biopeptides with anti-skin aging effects (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of photoaging-associated enzymes). This study employed response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of kafirins (KAF) for the production of peptides with anti-skin aging properties. The optimization of conditions (reaction time and enzyme/substrate ratio) for liquefaction with α-amylase and hydrolysis of KAF with alcalase was performed using 3<sup>2</sup> complete factorial designs. Subsequently, ultrafiltered peptide extracts were obtained with molecular weights of 1-3 kDa (KAF-UF<sub>3</sub>) and lower than 1 kDa (KAF-UF<sub>1</sub>), which mainly contain hydrophobic amino acids (proline, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and valine) and peptide fractions with molecular weights of 0.69, 1.14, and 1.87 kDa. Consequently, the peptide extracts protected immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) from ultraviolet B radiation (UVB)-induced damage by preventing the decrease and/or restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)]. Furthermore, KAF-UF<sub>3</sub> and KAF-UF<sub>1</sub> inhibited (20-29%) elastase and collagenase overactivity in UVB-exposed murine fibroblasts (3T3 cells). Thus, KAF-UF<sub>3</sub> and KAF-UF<sub>1</sub> exhibited behavior similar to that observed with glutathione (GSH), suggesting their potential as functional peptide ingredients in skincare products.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surbhi Sharma, Anshika Dedha, Manju M Gupta, Nahar Singh, Arvind Gautam, Abha Kumari
{"title":"Green and sustainable technologies for extraction of carotenoids from natural sources: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Surbhi Sharma, Anshika Dedha, Manju M Gupta, Nahar Singh, Arvind Gautam, Abha Kumari","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2402905","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2024.2402905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, driven by increasing consumer demand for natural and healthy convenient foods, the food industry has been shifting from synthetic to natural products. This shift is also reflected in the growing popularity of non-conventional extraction methods for pigments, which are favored for sustainability and environment-friendliness compared to conventional processes. This review aims to investigate the extraction of carotenoids from a variety of natural sources, including marine sources like fungus, microalgae, and crustaceans, as well as widely studied plants like tomatoes and carrots. Additionally, it delves into the recovery of valuable carotenoids from waste products like pomace and peels, highlighting the nutritional and environmental benefits. The review also emphasizes the role of green solvents such limonene, vegetable oils, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, and natural deep eutectic solvents in effective and ecologically friendly carotenoid extraction. These technologies support the ideas of a circular and sustainable economy in addition to having a smaller negative impact on the environment. Overall, the present study highlights the crucial importance of green extraction technologies in achieving the dual goals of sustainability and public safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"245-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}