Land Degradation & Development最新文献

{"title":"Expanding Forest Cover Increases the Ecosystem Service Values of Dry Afromontane Forests in Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Eskinder Gidey, Emiru Birhane, Paidamwoyo Mhangara, Medhn Gidey, Oagile Dikinya, Romano Lottering, Jemal Nasir, Amanuel Zenebe, Tewodros Tadesse, Solomon Hishe, Meley Mekonen Rannestad, Atkilt Girma, Sarah Teweldebirhan, Tsegay Wolde–Georgis","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5564","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystem service valuation is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of ecosystem functions. However, the ecosystem services provided by expanding dry Afromontane forests, which could show potential for conservation sustainability, have not been adequately quantified. This study aims to fill knowledge and methodological gaps by assessing the value of the Hugumburda Dry Afromontane Forest (HDAF) in Tigray, Ethiopia, using the Ecosystem Services Provision Index (ESPI), updated ecosystem service (ES) valuation coefficients, and the ES value (ESV) function. We applied the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) model to analyze provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural ESs. Satellite imagery from the US Geological Survey (USGS) over the past four decades, along with 240 control points, helped highlight the inherent values of the forest. Our results show that HDAF forest cover is expected to increase by 19.1 km² (3.8%) by 2030, up from 88.6 km² in 2020. Consequently, ESV provisions are projected to increase by 1.88 million US dollars annually, benefiting the local community if current conservation and expansion efforts continue. We found a significant correlation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) between the ESV and the area expansion of forestland, shrubland, arable land, grassland, and water bodies. The ESPI values were highest in forestland and grassland (0.38) and lowest in water bodies (−0.51). HDAF primarily provides regulatory services, followed by provisioning, supporting, and cultural services. The combination of optical remote sensing and ESPI is crucial for valuing ESs, promoting sustainable management practices, and recognizing the increasing benefits of forest cover for both environmental and social outcomes. ES increases are influenced not only by forest cover expansion but also by the quality of that cover.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"7 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"30 Years of Land Cover Changes Within a Global Deforestation Front: Insights From the Chaco Serrano Mountains","authors":"Julieta Rocío Arcamone, Laura Marisa Bellis, Luna Emilce Silvetti, Gregorio Gavier Pizarro","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5537","url":null,"abstract":"The South American Gran Chaco is among the most threatened ecoregions worldwide. Although land use change in the plains of this region has been widely studied, less is known about the southern mountainous areas. Our main goal was to analyze the land cover change dynamics in the Chaco Serrano between 1989 and 2019. We developed 3 land cover maps for the Sierras Chicas of central Argentina (1989, 2004 and 2019) and performed a land cover change analysis. Serrano forests lost 67,055 ± 8127 ha, and the annual rate of deforestation increased from −0.58 (1989–2004) to −1.87 (2004–2019). Between 1989 and 2019, grasslands exhibited the second-highest negative annual rate of change (−0.59). In 2019, shrublands became the dominant cover, increasing their size by 30% compared to 1989. Urban areas had the highest positive annual rate of change (5.60) and increased their extension from 1% of the total study area in 1989 to 5% in 2019. Invasive alien species expanded rapidly but only in specific areas. Our main findings show that land cover change processes in the Chaco Serrano mountains have differed from those observed in the plain areas of the Chaco and were consistent with those observed in other mountainous regions of the world. The current scenario for the Serrano forest is critical, and if conservation strategies are not applied in the near future, it could be expected that most of the Serrano forest, a unique ecosystem within the Chaco, would eventually disappear.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Future With the Sustainability Assessment Methodology to Soil-Associated Agricultural Experiments","authors":"Oscar Iván Monsalve Camacho, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Andrea Onelia Rodríguez-Roa, Oscar Gonzalo Castillo-Romero","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5551","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural sustainability assessments have gained high importance during the last decades. Different tools have been developed for these assessments, such as the Sustainability assessment methodology oriented to soil-associated agricultural experiments (SMAES). SMAES quantifies the current sustainability of the different treatments evaluated in experiments associated with the soil. However, efforts aimed at maintaining or increasing crop systems sustainability must be planned and measured in the short, medium, and long term. In this work, crop modelling parameters are added to SMAES to estimate future sustainability. The first is the construction of climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5, model CCSM4, periods 2050–2100) to establish the conditions of change in the future. Second, crop yield is modelled with Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) using the aforementioned climate scenarios. Third, yield modelling results and SMAES sustainability indexes (IS) from climate scenarios are integrated. As a case study, the current sustainability (IS-C) of five potato fertilization split treatments was initially estimated: (i) Commercial control (Control), (ii) Fertilization recommended by Agrosavia (As), (iii) Monthly split fertilization recommended by Agrosavia (AsSplit), (iv) AsSplit decreasing the amount of fertilizer by 25% (AsSp25), and (v) AsSplit decreasing the amount of fertilizer by 50% (AsSp50). AsSp50 generated the highest current and future sustainability with IS-C = 0.90, IS-45, and IS-85 = 0.88. Results suggest that SMAES allows sustainability assessments under current and future scenarios, leveraging modelling tools like DSSAT and LCA. This study demonstrated its feasibility for scenario-based evaluations, highlighting its potential to support sustainable agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Dynamic Local and Tele-Coupling Coordination Mechanism of the Ecosystem Services Supply–Demand and Its Driving Forces: Taking China's Yangtze River Economic Belt as an Example","authors":"Aiyu Xie, Fengtai Zhang, Yuekai Ding, Jing Chen, Peiran Yang, Guochuan Peng","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5559","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystem services supply–demand (ESSD) is a key considering factor in regional ecological security. Based on the background, this study proposed a dynamic local and tele-coupling coordination degree (DLTCCD) model and further analyzed its influencing factors by combining it with a machine learning model. The main conclusions show that: (1) There existed a great imbalance in the ESSD of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) where the upstream area was the main supply area and the downstream area was the main demand area; (2) The DLTCCD in YREB as a whole has been increasing and the DLTCCD model can more objectively reflect the changes in coupling coordination degree (CCD); (3) In the future, the government should prioritize a dual focus on demographic trends and urbanization levels to foster the balance of ESSD in YREB. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of ecological protection projects in the YREB so as to provide a theoretical support for cross-regional ecological compensation and policy planning in this area.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitating the Restoration of Disturbed Meadow Soils Using Modified Organic Materials in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau","authors":"Yifan Shen, Qi Li, Xiangjun Pei, Renjie Wei, Yuhang Li, Bo Jin, Yixia Yang, Weibiao Zhang, Ningfei Lei, Xiaochao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5554","url":null,"abstract":"As host to among the most fragile ecosystems globally, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is experiencing considerable ecological degradation. This study investigated the effects of modified organic materials (MOM) on restoring disturbed meadow soils in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The results showed that soil water content decreased with disturbance and was increased through MOM addition by 10.86%, 5.85%, 15.20%, and 90.58% in non-disturbed, lightly disturbed, moderately disturbed, and severely disturbed soil, respectively. The soil acidity significantly increased with disturbance and significantly decreased in severely disturbed soil after restoration. Disturbance increased soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, while MOM application decreased SOC content in lightly (47.74%), moderately (30.53%), and severely disturbed soil (78.55%), but increased it in non-disturbed soil (120.86%). Moreover, activities of enzymes related to the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles decreased with disturbance but increased after restoration. In addition, the microbial communities varied with disturbance. The increase in soil water content and pH following MOM addition increased microbial community abundance. Thus, MOM addition promoted plant growth primarily by enhancing soil water content, reducing soil acidity, and promoting SOC decomposition, which further promoted soil nutrient cycling and improved the microbial community structure.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Tenebrionid Beetle and Ant Assembly Influenced by Different-Aged Haloxylon ammodendron Plantations in Northwest China","authors":"Zi-Ting Wang, Ji-Liang Liu, Yong-Zhong Luo, Quan-Lin Ma","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5543","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of <i>Haloxylon ammodendron</i> plantations has been observed to markedly affect vegetation and soil characteristics within desert ecosystems, leading to notable changes in ground arthropods inhabiting these areas. In the study, we sampled tenebrionid beetles and ants through pitfall trapping in areas classified as mobile sand dunes (MSDs), fixed sand dunes (FSDs), and plantations of <i>H. ammodendron</i> aged 5, 10, 20, and 30 years (designated as HA5, HA10, HA20, and HA30, respectively), which were previously natural zones located in the midstream region of the Heihe River basin. We also measured physical and chemical topsoil of properties and vegetation properties. We found that the establishment of <i>H. ammodendron</i> plantations led to a significant increase in shrub cover, soil nutrient content, and electrical conductivity, while resulting in a reduction in soil pH and sand fraction in comparison to MSD and FSD areas. Furthermore, we observed that the establishment of <i>H. ammodendron</i> plantations led to a notable decline in both the abundance and species richness of tenebrionid beetles, while substantially enhancing the abundance and species richness of ants during the later phases of plantation development. Moreover, the establishment of the <i>H. ammodendron</i> plantations resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of <i>Messor desertora</i> during the later phases of restoration, while the abundance of <i>Anatolica</i> spp. and <i>Mantichorula semenowi</i> declined and eventually vanished in the final phase of the process. Shrub cover (SC), herbaceous species richness, soil pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) cumulatively explained 34.9% of the variation in tenebrionid beetles; SC and EC cumulatively explained 25.1% of the variation in ants. In conclusion, the creation of <i>H. ammodendron</i> plantations strongly impacted the diversity of tenebrionid beetles and ants, reshaping the composition and dynamics of the detrital food web within desert ecosystems. This study seeks to address the gap in knowledge concerning the ecological effects of <i>H. ammodendron</i> plantations on the diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods, offering valuable insights for the development of more effective strategies in ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation in desert regions.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Carbon Stock Changes and Driving Mechanisms Based on Land Use Multi-Scenario Modeling: An Assessment of SDGs15.3—A Case Study of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration, China","authors":"Guoping Chen, Longjiang Zhang, Dandan Zhang, Junsan Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5548","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon stock is a key element of land-based ecosystems and serves as one of the key indicators for assessing SDG 15.3, which undergoes direct or indirect effects due to changes in land use. Utilizing the central Yunnan urban agglomeration (CYUA) as the study region, we constructed the Markov-Multi-Objective-patch-generating land use simulation (Markov-MOP-PLUS) coupled model to model changes in land use across four distinct scenarios: the sustainable development scenario (SDS), economic development scenario (EDS), ecological protection scenario (EPS), and natural development scenario (NDS) for the year 2030. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model was employed for assessing the land carbon stock and spatially identifying and comparatively analyzing the changes over time and across different areas in land carbon reserves in the study region between 2000 and 2030. We used the optimal parameter geographic detector (OPGD) model for exploring the driving factors of spatial differentiation in carbon stocks and quantitatively assessing SDG 15.3. The study revealed that according to the four scenarios modeled, the study region's future land use is expected to show expanded watershed and construction zones. Water areas expanded most rapidly in the EPS, with NDS and SDS behind; the highest growth rate of built-up land areas was in the EDS, followed by NDS. The estimated carbon reserves for the study region in 2030, under four scenarios, are ranked as follows: EPS (2.581 × 10⁹ tons) &gt; NDS (2.571 × 10⁹ tons) &gt; SDS (2.570 × 10⁹ tons) &gt; EDS (2.567 × 10⁹ tons), suggesting that ecological protection measures can promote the recovery of regional ecosystems' carbon stocks. The spatiotemporal variation in carbon stocks is influenced by multiple factors, with slope being the dominant factor driving the spatial differentiation of carbon stocks in the region. Furthermore, the interactions among these factors are not independent in their impact on carbon stocks. The SDG 15.3.1 indices for the four scenarios in 2030 all show a decreasing trend, and although the situation of land degradation has improved, none have met the SDG 15.3 target. This research offers valuable guidance for policymakers working on SDG targets and land use planning.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of ESV Topographic Gradient to LULC in Mountain-River-Sea Transitional Space Based on Markov-PLUS Modeling: A Case Study of the Southwest Guangxi Karst-Beibu Gulf, China","authors":"Lili Zhang, Baoqing Hu, Weiyan Hu","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5555","url":null,"abstract":"The Guangxi Southwest Karst-Beibu Gulf (GSK-BG) is a complex mountain-river-sea transitional space made up of a special combination of karst mountains, river basins and coastal zones, presenting a slope zone tilted from northwest to southeast. At present, there is still a gap in identifying the characteristics of the topographic gradient response of past-present-future ecosystem service value (ESV) changes to land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the transitional space of mountains, rivers and seas. To that end, this study employed the Markov-PLUS model, land use transfer matrix and land use mapping to portray the characteristics of the changes in LULC and ESV from 2000 to 2030, as well as to analyze the analyze the LULC change towards the ESV response. Then the role of LULC transformation on ESV under different terrain gradient topographic factors was further explored to fill the current research gap. The results show: (1) The highest ESV was 479,332 million yuan in 2010 and the lowest was 473,424 million yuan in the urban development scenario (UDS). The distribution of ESV in space is shown as “high in the northwest and low in the central and southeastern part of the country”, which shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing in time. (2) Forest land (FL) is the main contributor to total ESV. The improvement in ESV in the study area was mainly due to the transfer of other land uses to FL and water body (WB), and the decrease in ESV was mainly due to the conversion of FL and WB to other land uses. (3) The topographic gradient response of ESV changes to LULC changes is more pronounced for the 2030 natural development scenario (NDS), ecological protection scenario (EPS), and UDS. The types of land transfers that predominate mainly on steep slopes at lower elevations as well as in areas with steep slopes at higher elevations include grassland (GL) and FL to unutilized land, with terrain distribution index (TDI) of 5.27 and 4.02, and bare land (BL) and FL to GL, with TDI of 4.75 and 3.53. Therefore, the topographic gradient characteristics of the region should be taken into account in the development and utilization of land resources and improvement of ESV in the mountain-river-sea transitional complex geospatial space.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Spatial Relationship Between Carbon Storage and Biodiversity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Baoxiao Liu, Laura Scherer, Peter M. van Bodegom, Zhongxiao Sun, Paul Behrens","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5531","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and biodiversity loss are severe and intertwined global threats. Land-based efforts to address both require an understanding of the spatial relationships between carbon storage and biodiversity. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the strength of these spatial relationships across the literature. We synthesize the estimated spatial correlations and infer how different factors (spatial scale, metrics, biome, human pressure) impact these strengths using linear mixed-effect models. Our results show that spatial scale is a significant factor, and the combination of metrics used to express carbon storage and biodiversity plays a more important role. While relationships are moderately positive across all conditions, the strength of the relationships decreases significantly from global to local scales. We find large variations in the strength for different metrics, across different biomes, and in the presence or absence of human pressure. We find a stronger relationship in natural rather than human-dominated landscapes for temperate forests, grasslands, and deserts, but the opposite for tropical and subtropical forests. Ecosystem-level biodiversity proxies (habitat quality) show strong relationships to the total carbon pool, while taxonomic metrics (species richness) show a weaker relationship. The largest negative relationship is between total carbon and flora and fauna species richness. Our results suggest different synergies for different dimensions of carbon storage and biodiversity and shed light on where further effort is needed.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Differentiation and Drivers of Functional Transition of Cultivated Ecosystems in China","authors":"Bolin Meng, Shixiang Li, Shanshan Li","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5538","url":null,"abstract":"Impairment of cultivated ecosystem functions (CEFs) is a form of land degradation. However, the mechanisms driving the functional transition of cultivated ecosystems (FTCE) and the interaction between regional differential behavior and FTCE remain unclear. To address this gap, we aimed to develop a theoretical framework and comprehensive analytical method, which combines single-factor simulation and multi-factor regression, based on the theory of agricultural-induced production substitution from the perspective of cultivated land use (CLU). The framework takes into account socioeconomic and regional elements, representing an advancement over extant studies that focus on natural ecological factors. The findings show that the high value of CEFs in China moves from the southwest and northeast to the central and Yangtze River Delta regions from 1990 to 2021. The FTCE occurs at both national and provincial scales with a U-shaped trend from rapid consumption to recovery growth. Further, there are two typical FTCE paths in China at different socioeconomic levels. At the regional scale, the FTCE in the east is mainly due to the decline in nitrogen fertilizer use intensity (NFUI), and in the central and western regions mainly due to the decline in biological disaster intensity (BDI). The mechanism driving FTCE is identified as the alternative choices made by farmers for agricultural production under different CLU goals, which are jointly influenced by cultivated land fragmentation (CLF), cultivated land scale management (CLM), and biological disaster adaptive capacity (BDC). Finally, recommendations to encourage the differentiated FTCE model in all regions of China are made with the aim of mitigating land degradation problems.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}