Porcine Health Management最新文献

{"title":"First molecular detection of porcine rotavirus B (RVB) in Poland - case study and genome analysis.","authors":"Piotr Cybulski, Ines Spiekermeier, Weronika Rybkowska, Jędrzej Rynkowski, Tomasz Stadejek","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00472-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00472-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In view of its massive financial impact related to increased preweaning mortality and poor growth performance, neonatal diarrhoea in piglets is widely regarded as one of the most common issues in modern swine production. Currently, the diarrhoea of undetermined aetiology arises as a complex diagnostic problem in several pig-rearing countries; therefore, the role of agents with not completely established clinical importance, such as non-group A rotaviruses (RVs), should be taken into consideration in a differential diagnosis procedure. The aim of this study was to report the detection of RVB acting as a potential causative agent of porcine diarrhoea.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The investigation was conducted in a Polish commercial, high-performing farm with 3,300 sows weaning piglets in weekly batches. For the scope of this research, five 3-day-old dead diarrhoeic piglets were collected. All the animals originated from different litters displaying clinical signs regarded as typical of rotaviral enteritis. Prior to the NGS investigation, all the piglets sampled in our current investigation were tested negative for diarrhoea-associated viruses (RVA, RVC, TGEV, PEDV) using commercially available PCR setups. The NGS data for the faecal sample resulted in 510,843 reads after adapter trimming. 981 reads were assigned at species level to RVB (strain GCZ04) during read classification. The genotype constellation of the strain was found to be typical for swine viruses and the nucleotide identities of the segments of the strain were within the cut off values established for different genotypes. The remaining viral reads were annotated to porcine kobuvirus (PKV) (23 reads). Furthermore, the analysis revealed presence of the following taxa: Qubevirus faecium (334 reads), and Gaprivervirus (1 read).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study reports the first molecular detection of porcine RVB in faecal samples collected from pigs reared on a commercial swine farm in Poland. Since the material was obtained from clinically affected animals and RVB was proven dominant among viral reads obtained during the NGS investigation, the virus may be considered as a potential causative agent of diarrhoeal disease in suckling piglets. Moreover, our research provides the tenth porcine RVB genome in Europe. The identities and phylogenetic clustering of different segment sequences to those from North America, Asia or Europe may suggest a complex evolutionary history of the Polish strain.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12613678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145513828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide emergence and spread of highly virulent PRRSV-2 mutants in Korea.","authors":"Seung-Chai Kim, Sang Chul Kang, Hwan-Ju Kim, Jonghyun Park, Hye-Ryung Kim, Choi-Kyu Park, Won-Il Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00470-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00470-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2) continues to pose a major threat to global swine health. In South Korea, the co-circulation of endemic strains and repeated introductions of foreign variants has led to a complex viral landscape. This study analyzed 907 non-redundant ORF5 sequences from Korean field isolates (2018–2024), derived from 1,305 compiled sequences after removing near-duplicates at 99.9% identity using CD-HIT, together with 996 global reference ORF5 sequences, to refine phylogenetic classification and trace recent epidemiological patterns. A previously undefined Korean-specific clade (formerly referred to as Lineage KOR B or LKB) was proposed as Lineage 12 (L12), based on > 15% nucleotide divergence from existing lineages. In addition, we identified localized diversification within Lineage 1 sublineages (L1A and L1C), suggesting regional adaptation after foreign introduction. The most striking observation was the rapid emergence and spread of NADC34-like PRRSV (L1A). First detected in 2022, L1A rose from 11.7% to 23.3% of relative positive rates by 2024 and disseminated across major swine-producing provinces. A representative case in 2023 was associated with severe reproductive failure including severe abortion and high mortality in newborn piglets. Notably, the outbreak also demonstrated unusually high sow mortality (~ 10%), indicating high virulence of Korean NADC34-like PRRSV strains. Postmortem examinations from other outbreaks revealed consistent systemic lesions in deceased sow or gilts, indicating a reproducible pathological signature of Korean NADC34-like strains in old-aged pigs. These findings highlight the evolving virulence of PRRSV-2 in Korea and underscore the urgent need for updated lineage surveillance, strain-specific vaccines, and enhanced transboundary disease monitoring frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12606797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease-associated Streptococcus suis (DASS) in lactation: detection patterns and implications for control.","authors":"Robert Mugabi, Ana Paula S Poeta Silva, Cara Haden, Jerry Wells, Gemma G R Murray, Alex Gussak, Marisa L Rotolo, Todd Williams, Marcelo Gottschalk, Cameron Schmitt, Maria Laura Ferrando, Peter van Baarlen, Justin Brown, Lucy Weinert, Christopher Rademacher, Ganwu Li, Rebecca Robbins, Jean Paul Cano, Locke Karriker, Perry Harms, Alexander W Tucker, Maria J Clavijo","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00469-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00469-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disease-associated Streptococcus suis (DASS) refers to strains of S. suis that cause systemic infections in swine, including meningitis, septicemia, and pneumonia, resulting in significant economic losses and welfare concerns. Effective control of DASS on swine farms requires accurately detecting these pathogenic strains and identifying carrier animals and reservoirs. In this study, the dynamics of DASS colonization in clinically healthy dams, their piglets, and the surrounding environment was investigated on two commercial swine farms using novel qPCR assays: one targeting the recN gene (species-specific) and another targeting the SSU_RS01130 gene (associated with disease-causing strains). The objectives were to identify optimal sampling sites, assess the impact of dam parity, and understand the disease dynamics of DASS to provide a baseline for future studies to improve control strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gilts and their piglets consistently exhibited higher DASS colonization compared to sows, underscoring the need for parity-based interventions. Tonsil and nasal samples were the most reliable for DASS detection in dams, while udder, fecal, and the environmental sites may serve as potential reservoirs for piglet colonization. All piglets were colonized with S. suis within 24 h of birth, but not all carried DASS; notably, a substantial proportion, particularly on Farm 1, remained DASS-negative at weaning. DASS detection in piglets decreased at day 7 and rebounded by day 21, reflecting dynamic colonization patterns. Farm-specific differences highlighted the impact of management practices and strain variation, with Farm 2 showing consistently higher DASS prevalence and persistence. Notably, the consistent absence of DASS in some litters suggests that targeted management, good hygiene, and dam-related factors such as parity can effectively reduce transmission risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights how parity, sampling site selection, and environmental reservoirs may influence DASS colonization and persistence. This study generated valuable data that can inform future investigations aimed at improving DASS control strategies, including parity segregation, batch farrowing, maternal immunity enhancement, improved colostrum management, and hygiene protocols. Additionally, the findings support the potential refinement of Medicated Early Weaning (MEW) strategies, integrating antimicrobial use, hygiene improvements, and dam-focused interventions to reduce DASS prevalence. The novel qPCR assays offer a reliable, culture-independent surveillance tool for DASS detection, enabling veterinarians to develop evidence-based programs for early detection of, and to mitigate the impact of DASS in swine herds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12595806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145471843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first detection of swine orthopneumovirus in a pig farm in Sweden: a case report.","authors":"Eveliina Breukers, Hyeyoung Kim, Fereshteh Banihashem, Kristofer Andersson, Mikael Leijon, Rebecka Westin, Marie Sjölund, Siamak Zohari","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00473-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00473-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory diseases are globally a major challenge in today's pig production. Despite the efforts to manage the disease, the number of pigs affected is still increasing, indicating gaps in the current knowledge. In 2016, a novel pneumovirus, swine orthopneumovirus, was detected in the USA. Since then, the virus has been detected in a few European countries and in South Korea. However, the wider distribution of the virus is still greatly unknown, as well as its clinical relevance.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This report describes the first detection of swine orthopneumovirus in a Swedish pig herd. The virus was detected as the result of an investigation conducted between September 2023 to June 2024, where all clinical samples (n = 682) sent to the Swedish Veterinary Agency for diagnostic purposes from 112 Swedish pig farms exhibiting clinical signs of respiratory disease were screened for the presence of swine orthopneumovirus. The virus was detected in one piglet producing farm that had a respiratory disease outbreak in autumn 2023, which presented with cough and nasal discharge. In November 2023, 11 nasal swabs were collected, of which 9 were PCR-positive for swine orthopneumovirus. In addition, each sample was also PCR-positive for Mesomycoplasma hyorhinis and Pasteurella multocida, and 2 samples were PCR-positive for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, indicating a polymicrobial respiratory infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This report emphasises the importance of ongoing efforts to identify emerging pathogens and determine their clinical significance. Therefore, further research is needed to assess the distribution and potential clinical relevance of swine orthopneumovirus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12590822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145452652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRRS management by European swine veterinarians: a descriptive insight into practices and profiles.","authors":"Charlotte Teixeira Costa, Arnaud Lebret, Stéphanie Bougeard, Nicolas Rose","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00467-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00467-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Despite extensive research on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), herd-level management strategies vary considerably according to geographical area and depend significantly on many factors. Swine veterinarians play a key role in PRRS management; however, their practices, perceptions, and decision-making processes remain insufficiently described. This study aimed to characterize distinct profiles of European swine veterinarians and explore how these profiles relate to their experience with PRRSV stabilization programmes. RESULTS: A cross-sectional online survey targeting swine veterinarians in 22 European countries was conducted between 2023 and 2024 (600 sent questionnaires). The questionnaire covered sociodemographic data, professional interactions, engagement with evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM), PRRS management strategies, and stabilization programme experience. Multivariate analysis and hierarchical clustering on principal components were used to identify practitioner profiles and explore their associations with PRRS control-related variables. Among 108 respondents, five thematic blocks revealed a significant heterogeneity in veterinary profiles. Three distinct clusters were identified per thematic which were related to two PRRS context profiles and four stabilization outcome groups (“total success”, “partial success due to farmer limitations”, “partial success due to technical limitations” and “never implemented”). Successful implementation of PRRSV stabilization programmes was more frequently associated with veterinarians with long-lasting experience, open to EBVM, well-integrated in collaborative networks, and who had reliable access to diagnostic tools and vaccines. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the diversity of European swine veterinarians in their approach to PRRS control, and the profile of veterinarians most likely associated with successful PRRS management. These profiles can help inform more effective training, policy, and communication interventions aimed at improving disease control outcomes in swine production systems. </p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12587695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145452746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and impact of Rotavirus A and C in suckling piglets from Spanish farms: an epidemiological study.","authors":"Marcial Marcos-Cienfuegos, Francisco Javier Martínez-Lobo, M Teresa Tejedor, Jaime Castillo-Pérez, Cinta Prieto","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00468-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00468-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rotaviruses (RVs) are a leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in mammals, including pigs. Infection with porcine RVs can result in a range of clinical outcomes, from asymptomatic cases to severe acute disease. The prevalence of RVs is high in major pork-producing countries but varies by region, age group, and overall animal health. Several studies have assessed Rotavirus A (RVA) and Rotavirus C (RVC) prevalence in suckling piglets in Spain and other regions; however, systematic sampling studies remain limited. This study aimed to determine the true prevalence of RVA and RVC in suckling piglets across Spanish regions and to identify potential risk factors associated with infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 563 fecal samples were collected from 106 farms, 84.5% from piglets with diarrhea and 15.5% from healthy piglets from farms without neonatal enteric disorders. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that RVA is a widespread pathogen in suckling piglets, with 43.7% of the samples and 74.5% of the farms testing positive. Conversely, RVC was detected in 25.4% of samples and 44.3% of the farms. The prevalence of RVA was higher in diarrheic piglets than in non-diarrheic ones (46.6% vs. 27.6%). Similarly, RVC prevalence was markedly higher in diarrheic compared to non-diarrheic piglets (29.2% vs. 4.6%). While RVA was detected throughout the lactation period, RVC was more frequently identified during the first week of life. For both viruses, higher viral load and proportion of positive animals were associated with enteric disorders during lactation, while RVC infection specifically correlated with increased mortality. Co-infections of RVA and RVC were relatively rare, suggesting that the presence of one virus may reduce the likelihood of detecting the other. Several risk factors were associated with rotavirus infection, including farm production type, farm size, and the duration of downtime in farrowing units.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RVA and RVC are highly prevalent among suckling piglets, with a clear association between infection and diarrhea, particularly when viral loads are high. Farm production type, farm size, and management practices strongly influenced infection risk. These findings provide valuable epidemiological insights into RV infection in piglets and support the development of improved prevention and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12573817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145409927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of ELISA kits and expanded antigen panels for hemagglutination inhibition assays in pig herds enzootically infected with porcine Influenza A viruses.","authors":"J Stadler, K Grau, K Lillie-Jaschniski, S Pesch, A Graaf-Rau, T Harder, S Zoels, R Fux, M Ritzmann, M Eddicks","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00464-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00464-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: A combined approach using both indirect and direct detection methods can improve the diagnostic efficiency of swine Influenza A virus (swIAV) infections. Despite its importance, limited research has been conducted on the diagnostic performance of serological tests commonly used for routine swIAV surveillance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare different serological assays, including hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests using antigen panels of different breadth and three commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to evaluate their suitability as screening tools for identifying herds enzootically infected with swIAV. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ELISAs were assessed under field conditions, using the HI test as the reference standard. RESULTS: The HI test panel expanded with various swIAV pandemic strains of regional provenience (HI 3) demonstrated the highest sensitivity (97.77%), while the HI panel including only the four major swIAV subtypes (HI 1) showed the lowest sensitivity (93.74%) and negative predictive value (40.00% compared to HI 4 (incorporating all tested strains)). The level of agreement between the HIs and ELISA tests varied considerably, with the indirect ELISA exhibiting the highest concordance with HI assays. Among the ELISA assays, the indirect ELISA (ELISA 1) achieved the highest sensitivity (95.69%) and overall accuracy (94.26%), albeit with lower specificity (60.00%) when compared with the HI including all strains (HI 4). In contrast, the competitive ELISA (ELISA 2) and the blocking ELISA (ELISA 3) showed lower sensitivity (81.36% and 82.89%) but higher specificity (83.33% and 76.67%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the value of combining different diagnostic tools to improve swIAV surveillance in enzootically infected herds. The indirect ELISA offered high sensitivity and was well suited for broad herd-level screening, while ELISAs based on competitive or blocking formats and HI assays offered higher specificity for confirmatory testing. Among all evaluated methods, the HI assay including locally circulating strains demonstrated the best overall performance and proved useful in detecting additional subtype-level information not identified by PCR. The integration of these approaches enhanced diagnostic precision and supported more effective surveillance strategies, albeit at the cost of increased resource demands. </p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145377940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe claw lesions in pregnant sows reduce prolificacy and increase litter heterogeneity.","authors":"Henar Gonzalez-Ramiro, Adelina López-Jara, Josep M Cambra, Alejandro Gonzalez-Plaza, Manuela Garcia-Canovas, Marina Lopez-Arjona, Maria Botia, Maria A Gil, Cristina Cuello, Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez, Emilio A Martinez, Inmaculada Parrilla","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00462-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00462-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Claw lesions (CLs) are highly prevalent in sow herds, affecting animal welfare and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of CLs in pregnant sows and their impact on litter performance. Additionally, we assessed hair cortisol, cortisone, and oxytocin levels to determine whether CLs cause any stress in sows. The study involved 693 hyper-prolific sows, initially assessed for CLs at farrowing. After weaning, they were housed in individual AI crates, where their hair was shaved. At 28 days post-insemination, pregnant sows were moved to group pens. One week before expected farrowing, sows (n = 507) were transferred to individual farrowing crates where newly grown hair samples were collected, and CLs reassessed. Claw lesion severity was scored from 0 to 3 (SS0: no lesions, SS1: mild, SS2: moderate, SS3: severe). Sows were then classified into 3 categories (CAT): CAT1 (SS0 + SS1), CAT (SS1 + SS2, not SS3), and CAT3 (SS1 + SS2 + SS3). The total number of CL per sow and the final sow score were calculated as the sum of CLs observed on the claws and the sum of all CL severity scores, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 4,1% of sows had no CLs, while 66.5% exhibited moderate to severe lesions (CAT2+CAT3). Sows from CAT3 had the highest CL number and final sow score (p < 0.05) and presented the worst values for total piglets born, piglets born alive, low-weight piglets born ( < 1 kg), proportion of low-weight piglets born per litter, and mean litter weight at birth. However, stress biomarker levels did not differ among categories and were not associated with litter performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that severe CLs impair litter performance and increase litter heterogenicity, particularly the incidence of low-weight piglets born. These effects do not appear to be directly linked to stress biomarker levels but may result from behavioral and physiological disruptions affecting animal well-being derived from the presence of severe CLs. Given the significant economic and welfare implications of severe CLs, further research is needed to elucidate their impact on reproduction and to develop effective protocols to better detect stress and pain in affected sows.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12553223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145368672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of human-pig interactions in modulating gut microbiota, stress, and performance.","authors":"Lucas Venegas, Catalina Araya, Rocio Palomo, Nicolás Galarce, Daniela Siel, José Manuel Yáñez, Florencia Correa-Fiz, Javiera Calderón-Amor, Daniel Cartes, Maria Camila Ceballos, Agustín Piña, Sergio Guzmán-Pino, Daniela Luna","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00465-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00465-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The microbiota‒gut‒brain axis modulates pigs' stress response, behavior, and overall welfare. Stressful management practices can disrupt gut microbiota (GM), negatively impacting pigs' health and welfare. This study evaluated how the quality of human handling influences stress-related physiological responses, productive performance, and gut microbiota (GM) composition in pigs during the nursery phase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female pigs (n= 36, 21 days old) were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (12 pigs/group, four pens per treatment): positive human handling (PHH), negative human handling (NHH), and a control group (CG). The PHH group experienced gentle tactile interactions, whereas the NHH group was subjected to chronic intermittent stress through acute stressors, and the CG group received minimal handling for routine practices. Hair cortisol concentrations were measured as an indicator of chronic stress (days 15 and 64). Productive performance was assessed through body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion (FC). Fecal samples were collected at baseline (T0, day 16), mid-study (T1, day 37), and end of the study (T2, day 65) and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess GM changes over time. Pigs in the PHH group showed a significant reduction in cortisol levels from baseline to post-treatment (P < 0.0001), while no significant changes were observed in the NHH group (P = 0.26). A smaller but significant decrease was also detected in the CG group (P = 0.001). PHH pigs had higher BW (P = 0.0009) and ADG (P = 0.03) during the later growth phase compared to NHH pigs. At T2, PHH pigs exhibited greater diversity and richness compared to NHH pigs, indicating a restorative effect on GM composition. Differential abundance analyses identified four bacterial genera that distinguished treatment groups: Blautia, Megasphaera, and Subdoligranulum were enriched in PHH pigs, while Terrisporobacter was enriched in NHH pigs. Additionally, bacterial interaction networks exhibited the least complex network in the NHH group, with ecological associations primarily involving Clostridium and Terrisporobacter.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The quality of human handling influenced stress physiology, performance, and gut microbiota in pigs. Positive handling reduced cortisol levels, improved growth, and promoted microbial diversity, while negative handling was linked to decreased performance and reduced microbial network complexity. These results highlight the potential of positive interactions to enhance welfare and productivity, and identify specific bacterial genera as potential biomarkers differentiating negative and positive handling conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12548226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145355841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking the fight against pig-related human salmonellosis in the European union.","authors":"Raúl C Mainar-Jaime, A Casanova-Higes, María Bernad-Roche, Juan P Vico, S Andrés-Barranco","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00460-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00460-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of human salmonellosis associated with pork products remains a significant concern for public health authorities within the European Union. Despite the implementation of national programs in some member states with the objective of controlling the infection of Salmonella in farms, the proportion of human cases involving swine-associated Salmonella serotypes has remained constant in recent years, and the majority of these programs were either discontinued or reduced to biosecurity guidance. This article discusses the reasons for the lack of success of these programs, including the focus on the growing-finishing period without consideration of earlier stages of production, the structure of the pig sector, the limited and unrepresentative sampling carried out in the programs, and the use of imperfect serological tests, which have likely resulted in biased estimates of the true health status of the herds. A potential comprehensive approach is proposed, based on predicting the risk of Salmonella shedding prior to the arrival of pigs at the slaughter. This knowledge would be combined with the administration of on-farm additives (i.e. organic acids, bacteriophages) during the days prior to slaughter. It would help to reduce shedding in those batches with a high risk of shedding and decrease slaughter environmental contamination. Furthermore, this approach would contribute to obtain more accurate information regarding the Salmonella status of the pig farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12538873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}