Porcine Health Management最新文献

{"title":"Pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication outbreaks in fattening pigs associated with drought-related feed contamination.","authors":"M Leiva-Forns, À Cobos, L Martino, S I Loscertales, S Bosco, B Serrano, A Rodríguez-Largo, M Cid-Cañete, N Valiente, D Carrión, M Marcos-Cienfuegos, R Pagola, J Martínez, M Domingo, J Segalés","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00457-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00457-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) intoxication is a well-documented condition in livestock, resulting from the ingestion of forage and grain contaminated with PA-producing plants. These phytotoxins primarily affect the liver and can lead to severe clinical and pathological disorders, particularly in highly susceptibility species such as pigs. Although sporadic cases of chronic PA toxicosis have been reported in swine, extensive outbreaks affecting large geographic areas have not been previously documented. This report describes a large-scale PA intoxication event affecting multiple intensive fattening pig farms in central Spain.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Between September and December 2023, 21 pig production companies, representing more than 200,000 fattening pigs in Castilla y León and Castilla-La Mancha autonomous communities (central Spain), reported up to 80% of animals showing prostration, apathy and, occasionally, dark-coloured urine. Mortality during this period ranged 20-40% of affected pigs. At necropsy, animals exhibited variable discoloration of the livers and bleeding gastroesophageal ulcers. Microscopically, hepatic lobes showed an intense interstitial fibrosis and hepatocyte changes including megalocytosis, karyomegaly and canalicular cholestasis. These findings were compatible with chronic toxic hepatopathy. Toxicological analyses ruled out mycotoxins, heavy metals, and pesticides. However, PA contamination was confirmed in a high proportion of compound feed samples associated with contaminated barley with Europine-N-oxide, Heliotrine-N-oxide, and Lasiocarpine-N-oxide. Preventive measures such as changing the source of cereals, reformulating the feed, and using a toxin binder and detoxifying additives allowed resolution of the outbreak.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This report documents a large-scale outbreak of PA intoxication in swine, associated with the use of barley contaminated with PA-producing plants, most likely Heliotropium europaeum, in central Spain. Environmental factors, such as drought followed by humid conditions and reduced herbicide application, likely facilitated PA-containing weed growth and subsequent contamination of cereal crops. This case underscores the growing risk of toxicoses linked to climatic and agronomic factors, emphasizing the need for enhanced monitoring and control of feed sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurrence of sudden feeding behaviour deviations and welfare issue onsets in growing-finishing pigs.","authors":"Jacinta D Bus, Rudi M de Mol, Laura E Webb, Eddie A M Bokkers, Iris J M M Boumans","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00456-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00456-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern sensor technologies and algorithms have the potential to continuously monitor indicators of individual animal welfare, but in growing-finishing pigs the validity of such welfare monitoring remains low for unclear reasons. This study explored how sudden deviations in individual pig feeding behaviour, detected as alerts by a dynamic linear model with Kalman filter, relate to the onset of welfare issues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alerts frequencies varied across feeding behaviour components, with higher occurrences for feed intake, feeding duration, feeding rate and night intake (approximately 14.5% of days with an alert) than for feeding frequency and circadian rhythm strength (approximately 7.7% of days with an alert). Limited temporal overlap was observed between feeding components (mean co-occurrence: 18 ± 2%, range 8-47%). Alert prevalence was lower in the first month of the growing-finishing phase for all feeding components except frequency and night intake, which showed opposing patterns. Substantial inter-individual variation in alert prevalence was observed (range: 1.1 - 22.2% alert days). The co-occurrence of alerts and welfare issue onsets, i.e. the sensitivity, was poor and not better than expected by chance (health issues: 2.0 - 48.7%, heat stress: 6.4 - 23.2%). Highest sensitivities were obtained for combinations of coughing, ear tip damage, lameness, rectal prolapse, or tail damage with feed intake, feeding duration or night intake. Sensitivities dropped further when only positive (range: 0.0 - 30.8%) or negative (range: 1.0 - 33.3%) alerts were considered. Sensitivities beyond chance expectations were obtained for feed intake, feeding duration and/or night intake in lame or tail-bitten pigs with specific feeding strategies (range: 4.6 - 66.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that sudden deviations in feeding behaviour co-occur poorly with onsets of health issues and heat stress, and that current achievements may be largely based on statistical probabilities. However, mild sensitivities were identified for certain health issues and feeding components, especially for pigs with specific feeding strategies. In addition, the results imply that different types of deviations exist, which differ in suddenness and persistence across the welfare issues' duration. Considering the importance of individual feeding strategies and basal feeding behaviour, stimulating more consistent basal behaviour by improving pigs' housing conditions may reveal new avenues for continuous welfare monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of sponge sampling for real-time PCR detection of Cystoisospora suis from environmental and faecal samples from piglet-producing farms.","authors":"Hendrik Loesing, Stefanie Bartelt, Vojislav Cvjetkovic, Christina Soeckler-Lionetti, Larissa Bechmann, Kerstin Kipschull, Thomas Blondel, James Mills, Nicolas Guerra, Daniel Sperling","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00454-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00454-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystoisospora suis (C. suis) infects piglets in their first week of life and can subsequently lead to diarrhoea and production losses. The detection of C. suis oocysts relies mostly on the collection of piglet faeces as sampling material and analysis through flotation and autofluorescence microscopy, which involves repeated sampling. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of sponges for environmental sampling for the detection of C. suis via real-time PCR and its suitability for surveillance programs applied on farms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All farms included in the study were positive for C. suis according to qPCR, with positivity rates ranging from 20 to 100%. The frequency of positive cases was 68% for faecal samples and 67% for samples collected by sponges. The alignment between the different sampling protocols was 100% achieved at the farm level. In the case of the individual pair samples, a difference in 27 samples was observed (10.8%). Considering the faecal sampling strategy as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the sampling protocol with sponges was 91.2%, and the specificity was 84.8%. Compared with the sponge-collected samples, the faecal samples presented slightly greater DNA masses, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.51, indicating a moderate positive relationship between the two sampling methods. An influence towards a higher DNA load with samples with a pasty and semiliquid consistency was observed, mainly in the case of the sponge technique.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that the collection of faecal samples at the litter or farm level and comparisons with environmental samples yield similar detection rates when sampling is combined with qPCR. From that perspective, the use of sponges for the detection of C. suis in organic material from the farrowing crate environment can be considered a good alternative to the more laborious and time-consuming collection of faecal samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in seroprevalence of influenza A virus infections in pigs in France (2008-2022).","authors":"Séverine Hervé, Nicolas Rose, Nicolas Barbier, Stéphane Quéguiner, Stéphane Gorin, Roselyne Fonseca, Gaëtan Pinsard, Gautier Richard, Agnès Jardin, Gaëlle Simon","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00455-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00455-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the enteric virome of clinically healthy pigs around weaning on commercial farms in the Netherlands using next generation sequencing and qPCR.","authors":"M A R Schyns, R van den Braak, J Peijnenborg, S Coppens, M Deijs, M G J M Burggraaff, W I Kuller, S Theuns, L van der Hoek, A de Groof","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00446-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00446-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteric virus infections around time of weaning have always been related to pig diseases such as postweaning diarrhea. Little, however, is known about the virus infection pattern (species, timing and viral load) in clinically healthy pigs. Virus infections may help to train and shape the immune system and presumably only lead to clinical disease when uncontrolled. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a relatively new technique that can uncover the composition of the enteric virome. This study describes the dynamics of the enteric virome in clinically healthy pigs using NGS and qPCR until 10 weeks of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven farms were selected based on the following criteria: diarrhea after weaning was visible in less than 5% of the pens, piglets reached 25 kg of body weight before 10 weeks of age and no antimicrobial batch treatment had been used on the farm for the last six months. Rectal swabs were taken in five different age groups: 2, 3.5, 5, 7 and 10 weeks of age, 10 piglets per age group, in a cross-sectional setup. Two NGS platforms were used to detect enteric viruses. Eleven virus-specific qPCRs were used to corroborate the results of the NGS analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rotavirus A, Porcine Kobuvirus, Enterovirus G and Porcine Astrovirus 3 and 4 were first detected at two weeks of age, followed by detection of Porcine Astrovirus 5 at 3.5 weeks of age, just before weaning. One week after weaning, at 5 weeks of age, Porcine Astrovirus 3 was undetectable, but now Porcine Astrovirus 1 and 2 had successively made their entry. Although Rotavirus B & C, Porcine Sapelovirus and Porcine Sapovirus were already detected just before weaning, the amount of virus peaked one week after weaning. Rotavirus H was first detected one week after weaning and peaked at 7 weeks of age. Many viruses were cleared by the age of 10 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The timing and magnitude of subclinical enteric virus infections across farms were remarkably similar. Our study offers insight into the dynamics of enteric virome development in healthy pigs and provides essential context to NGS-based diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autogenous Streptococcus suis serotype 1 bacterin: immunogenicities of sow and gilt vaccination protocols.","authors":"Georg Freymüller, Silke Lehnert, Christine Unterweger, Thomas Voglmayr, Christoph G Baums, Leonie Mayer","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00453-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00453-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial use in sows in Finland and its association with herd characteristics.","authors":"Kristina Ahlqvist, Camilla Munsterhjelm, Anna-Riia Holmström, Minna Kujala-Wirth, Vera Talvitie, Anna Valros, Mari Heinonen","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00447-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00447-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of PCV2 vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy using ELISpot to detect virus-specific memory B cells.","authors":"Jie Fan, Fangcheng Fan, Zhixiong Chen, Ping Chen, Yanli Zhu, Xin Li, Tiantian Liu, Runcheng Li, Wei Dong, Meng Ge","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00452-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00452-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). Nevertheless, pig farms face significant challenges in evaluating vaccination efficacy due to the inability of PCV2 vaccines to achieve sterilizing immunity and the variability among vaccine manufacturers. These challenges are further compounded by the limitations of conventional antibody detection methods, which fail to distinguish between maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) and vaccine-induced antibodies. The accurate evaluation and selection of PCV2 vaccines is critical for the swine industry. The present study aimed to develop an Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay for directly detecting PCV2-specific memory B cells. This approach was used to assess the presence of PCV2-specific memory B cells in piglets with high levels of MDA vaccinated with different PCV2 vaccines, thus enabling the evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity at the cellular level. Furthermore, antibody levels and the viremia status were analyzed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) respectively to provide a comprehensive assessment of the ELISpot assay potential for evaluating the vaccine immunogenicity of PCV2 vaccines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings revealed that the optimal conditions for the developed ELISpot assay included stimulation with R848 at a final concentration of 1 µg·mL⁻¹ for three days, a PCV2 Cap protein coating concentration of 1.25 µg·mL⁻¹, a biotinylated goat anti-pig IgG antibody concentration of 5 µg·mL⁻¹, and an HRP-streptavidin concentration of 0.25 µg·mL⁻¹. In high MDA piglets immunized with different vaccines, serum antibody detection showed that PCV2 antibody levels declined continuously over time in all vaccinated and saline-injected control groups, demonstrating similar trends. In contrast, ELISpot analysis demonstrated a significant increase in PCV2-specific memory B cell levels in all three vaccinated groups compared to the saline-injected group. Among the vaccines tested, Vaccine A induced the highest levels of specific memory B cells, followed by Vaccine B. This was consistent with the lower PCV2 infection rates and viremia levels observed in Vaccine A and Vaccine B groups, compared to Vaccine C and saline-injected control groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;We established an ELISpot assay to quantify PCV2-specific memory B cells, revealing that vaccinated piglets with high MDA levels developed robust memory B cell responses. However, levels of PCV2 IgG antibodies in vaccinated piglets remained statistically indistinguishable from control piglets. These findings demonstrate that ELISpot-based profiling of PCV2-specific memory B cells overcomes the confounding effects of MDA in vaccine efficacy assessments. This approach reliably reflects the humoral immune response induced by vaccination and its re","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of Galactooligosaccharides improves growth performance and intestinal barrier function of offspring.","authors":"Jichang Zheng, Haibo Shen, Bi'e Tan, Yulong Yin, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00437-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00437-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to investigate the effects of maternal supplementation with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on intestinal digestion, absorption, and barrier function of offspring. Twenty four late-pregnant Ningxiang sows were randomly assigned into 3 treatments, including basic diet, basic diet with 0.5% GOS, basic diet with 100 mg/kg aureomycin, 20mg/kg ciprofloxacin and 10mg/kg vancomycin. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation of GOS increased the body weight and average daily gain, reduced the diarrhea score of piglets, and increased the activities of digestive enzymes including maltase and α-amylase. Maternal GOS improved the intestinal barrier integrity and function of piglets, which exhibiting with increased ileal ratio of villus to crypt, and higher expressions of secretory immunoglobulin A, tight junction protein and mucin-2 in ileum. Maternal GOS treatment increased the contents of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β, but decreased the contents of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 in the ileum and colon of piglets. In addition, piglets in maternal GOS treatment had increased abundance of probiotics in the colonic contents, as well as higher short-chain fatty acids concentrations in the colonic and cecal contents. Overall, this study provides data support for the nutritional regulation of maternal supplementation with 0.5% GOS to promote intestinal health of offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: from Brambell to beyond: advancing pig welfare through the five freedoms framework.","authors":"Mari Heinonen, Elisabeth Grosse Beilage","doi":"10.1186/s40813-025-00449-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-025-00449-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}