Porcine Health Management最新文献

{"title":"Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis in a Swedish gilt-producing herd, a case report.","authors":"Johanna Fjelkner,&nbsp;Cecilia Hultén,&nbsp;Magdalena Jacobson,&nbsp;Erik Nörregård,&nbsp;Beth Young","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00329-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00329-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>When Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) was detected in faecal samples collected within the Swedish Salmonella surveillance program from a gilt multiplying herd in September 2020, S. Choleraesuis had not been detected in domestic pigs or wild boar in Sweden for over 40 years. This report describes the subsequent investigation, identification of possible entry routes and measures undertaken to eliminate the pathogen from the herd.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In accordance with Swedish regulations, pig movements to and from the farm were restricted, internal biosecurity measures were enhanced, and a test-and-remove strategy was implemented. Testing included repeated faecal sampling, tissue samplings from all dead or euthanized pigs, and serological sampling of replacement gilts. Epidemiological investigations included scrutinising of production records, employee interviews, analysing feed and environmental samples, faecal samples from the herd's purebred gilt supplier, and tissue and faecal samples from wild boars in the adjacent area. Testing of in-contact herds receiving gilts (n = 15) or 30-kg pigs (n = 7) from the multiplier included whole-herd faecal sampling and tissue cultures from pigs that died with signs of septicaemia. In total, S. Choleraesuis was detected in 12/4200 faecal and 5/1350 tissue samples from the herd, and the corresponding groups of pigs were euthanized. All feed and environmental samples as well as samples from the gilt supplier were negative. Testing of contact herds resulted in the identification and culling of one group of S. Choleraesuis-positive gilts. Replacement gilts introduced to the herd from January until May 2021 remained serologically negative during a surveillance-period of five months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although speculative, the epidemiological investigation identified indirect transmission from wild boar as possible source of introduction to the herd. Whole-genome sequencing of S. Choleraesuis isolates from wild boar in the area showed that they clustered with isolates from the herd. Repeated testing of the herd indicated that the test-and-remove strategy was successful. In August 2021, all restrictions were removed, and the herd was re-instated as a gilt producing herd. Compensation from the Swedish state to the farmer for production losses, culled animals and extra costs associated with the elimination cost totalled SEK 7 992 234.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10375609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9894640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar stud.","authors":"Lukas Schwarz, Sophie Dürlinger, Vera Martin, Herbert Weißenböck, Rene Brunthaler, Till Rümenapf, Angelika Auer, Igor Loncaric, Irene Zimpernik, Nicole Reisinger, Bettina Behler-Wöchtl, Dragos Scarlet, Gary Althouse, Chris Kuster, Johannes Kauffold, Joaquim Segales, Martine Laitat, Pierre Thilmant, Alexander Grahofer, Andrea Ladinig","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00313-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-023-00313-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scrotal swelling is a clinical situation which can be caused by different aetiologies. In this case report, we describe a multi-week episode of unilateral and bilateral scrotal swelling in boars at an Austrian boar stud and its diagnostic work-up.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In the summer of 2020, the herd veterinarian of an Austrian boar stud reported that over a period of six weeks, five out of 70 boars presented with unilateral severe swelling of the left scrotum and three out of 70 boars with bilateral severe swelling of the left and moderate swelling of the right scrotum, respectively. A complete history was obtained and an on-site evaluation of the facility was done. Five boars were necropsied, and a variety of samples harvested for further diagnostic investigations. Infectious differential diagnoses associated with unilateral swelling of the scrotum or the testis were excluded through serological and tissue testing. In three of the five boars, histopathology revealed complete acute haemorrhagic necrosis of the left testis concurrent with strongly congested blood vessels. Review of the collected information with a group of experts in the field of boar stud management resulted with consensus that, most likely, trauma was the etiologic event causing the clinical signs and pathology. Coincident with discussion of implementing video recording cameras in the boar housing area, no further clinical cases followed. As this case occurred during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose that the distress and travelling restrictions may have contributed to frustration among boar stud workers, which was consequently expressed as misbehaviour against boars.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Once all known infectious causes of unilateral swelling of the scrotum were excluded, a critical diagnostic work-up focused on non-infectious causes. Non-infectious causes, such as trauma, need to be carefully evaluated, as it may also include human misbehaviour against boars. Summarizing all findings of this case report, the authors hypothesize that a blunt trauma was the reason for the series of mainly unilateral swelling of the scrota of boars.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10347806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystoisospora suis in Portugal: an observational study of prevalence, management, and risk factors.","authors":"Tiago Nunes,&nbsp;Vassilis Skampardonis,&nbsp;Francisco Costa,&nbsp;Maria Antónia da Conceição,&nbsp;Daniel Sperling","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00328-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00328-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal coccidiosis is a common and important disease of suckling piglets in modern farming caused by Cystoisospora suis. Prevalence rates are high, namely, in Portugal, although no recent data are available. The metaphylactic administration of a single dose of toltrazuril and hygienic measures are the backbone of control strategies on positive farms. However, several studies have shown that these programs are not always effective, underlining the need to revise the risk factors and control strategies currently applied. The present study evaluated C. suis prevalence on Portuguese farms and assessed the risk factors associated with facilities and farm rearing practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 27 tested farms, 23 were positive to Cystoisopora suis (85.2%). In total, 258 litters were sampled (accounting for 516 samples-2 samples per litter), with an average of 59.7% of positive litters per positive farm. Faecal pools from litters, in which liquid faeces predominated had a higher probability of containing oocysts than litter pools with mainly solid (Odds Ratio: 9.87; p < 0.0001) or pasty faeces (OR: 7.05; p = 0.001), and samples obtained from younger animals had higher oocyst counts (coefficient: - 0.0720; 95% CI - 0.125; - 0.019). No significant effect of toltrazuril administration was observed on the positivity rate, and none of the tested farms used disinfectants with official claims against parasites and known anticoccidial effects (e.g., cresol-based products).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The C. suis prevalence on Portuguese swine farms appears to be similar to the prevalence found in other European countries. Repeated sampling of the same litter and the use of autofluorescence microscopy after a modified Ritchie technique seems to have increased sensitivity and consequently the detection rate of positive litters. Finally, despite the common use of oral toltrazuril, C. suis control programs appear to not always be effective (based on the detection of oocysts in faecal samples), suggesting the need to revise the control strategies applied in the field, including management factors and choices of disinfectant products.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9871418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational field study of porcine post-weaning diarrhea: clinical and microbiological findings, and fecal pH-measurements as a potential diagnostic tool.","authors":"Esben Østergaard Eriksen, Egle Kudirkiene, Kristiane Barington, Nicole Bakkegård Goecke, Sophie Amalie Blirup-Plum, Jens Peter Nielsen, John Elmerdahl Olsen, Henrik Elvang Jensen, Karen Pankoke, Lars Erik Larsen, Gang Liu, Ken Steen Pedersen","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00325-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40813-023-00325-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, in-feed medicinal zinc has been phased out in pig production in the European Union. This makes updated knowledge about porcine post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) crucial. The objectives of the present study were to investigate (i) the clinical presentation of PWD in pigs housed in Danish herds that did not use medicinal zinc, specifically the prevalence of diarrhea and whether PWD was associated to clinical signs of dehydration or altered body temperature; (ii) which microorganism are associated to PWD; and iii) whether measurements of the fecal pH have a potential to be used diagnostically to differentiate between infectious etiologies in cases of PWD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of diarrhea varied considerably between the outbreaks in the nine studied herds (median = 0.58, range = 0.10; 0.94). In a cross-sectional design (n = 923), diarrhea was associated with reduced rectal temperature and alkaline feces. Diarrhea was also associated with observably reduced skin elasticity, possibly indicating dehydration. In both diarrheic case pigs (n = 87) and control pigs (n = 86), the presence of Brachyspira pilosicoli, Clostridium perfringens, Cryptosporidium spp., Cystoisopora suis, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Lawsonia intracellularis, porcine circovirus types 2 and 3, rotavirus A, B, C, and H, Samonella enterica spp. enterica, and Trichuris suis was described. PWD was associated with high levels of enterotoxigenic E. coli shedding (odds ratio versus no E. coli detection = 4.79 [CI 1.14; 12.62]). Diarrhea was associated with high levels of rotavirus A shedding (odds ratio versus no/low rotavirus A = 3.80 [CI 1.33; 7.97]). The association between microbiological findings in diarrheic pigs and fecal pH was negligible.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enterotoxigenic E. coli was confirmed to be a cause of PWD; however, cases of PWD where enterotoxigenic E. coli was not detected in high levels occurred commonly, and this adds to the increasing evidence suggesting that PWD is not necessarily a result of enteric colibacillosis. Rotaviral enteritis might be a differential diagnosis of PWD. pH-measurements cannot be used to differentiate between differential diagnoses for PWD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10334583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9814444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of small peptide chelated iron on growth performance, immunity and intestinal health in weaned pigs.","authors":"Limei M Sun,&nbsp;Bing Yu,&nbsp;Yuheng H Luo,&nbsp;Ping Zheng,&nbsp;Zhiqing Huang,&nbsp;Jie Yu,&nbsp;Xiangbing Mao,&nbsp;Hui Yan,&nbsp;Junqiu Luo,&nbsp;Jun He","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00327-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00327-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Small peptide chelated iron (SPCI), a novel iron supplementation in pig diets, owns growth-enhancing characteristics. Although a number of researches have been performed, there is no clear-cut evidence to show the exact relationship between the dose and effects of small peptide chelated minerals. Therefore, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of SPCI at different doses in the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal health in weaned pigs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty weaned pigs were randomly assigned into five groups and feed with basal diet or the basal diet containing 50, 75, 100, or 125 mg/kg Fe as SPCI diets. The experiment lasted for 21 d and on day 22, blood samples were collected 1 h later. The tissue and intestinal mucosa samples were collected following.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our results showed that the feed to gain ratio (F:G) decreased with different levels of SPCI addition (P &lt; 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) (P &lt; 0.05) and digestibility of crude protein (P &lt; 0.01) decreased with 125 mg/kg SPCI addition. With dietary different levels of SPCI addition, the serum concentrations of ferritin (quadratic, P &lt; 0.001), transferrin (quadratic, P &lt; 0.001), iron content in liver (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05), gallbladder (quadratic, P &lt; 0.01) and fecal (quadratic, P &lt; 0.01) increased quadraticly. While the iron content in tibia (P &lt; 0.01) increased by 100 mg/kg SPCI supplementation. Dietary 75 mg/kg SPCI addition increased the serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) (P &lt; 0.01) and SPCI (75 ~ 100 mg/kg) addition also increased the serum content of IgA (P &lt; 0.01). The serum concentrations of IgG (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) and IgM (quadratic, P &lt; 0.01) increased quadraticly by different levels of SPCI supplementation. Moreover, different levels of SPCI supplementation decreased the serum concentration of D-lactic acid (P &lt; 0.01). The serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P &lt; 0.01) elevated but the malondialdehyde (MDA) (P &lt; 0.05) decreased by 100 mg/kg SPCI addition. Interestingly, SPCI supplementation at 75 ~ 100 mg/kg improved the intestinal morphology and barrier function, as suggested by enhanced villus height (P &lt; 0.01) and villus height/crypt depth (V/C) (P &lt; 0.01) in duodenum, as well as jejunum epithelium tight-junction protein ZO-1 (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, SPCI supplementation at 75 ~ 100 mg/kg increased the activity of duodenal lactase (P &lt; 0.01), jejunal sucrase (P &lt; 0.01) and ileal maltase (P &lt; 0.01). Importantly, the expression levels of divalent metal transporter-1(DMT1) decreased with different levels of SPCI addition (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, dietary SPCI supplementation at 75 mg/kg elevated the expression levels of critical functional genes such as peptide transporter-1(PePT1) (P = 0.06) and zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1) (P &lt; 0.01) in ileum. The expression levels of sodium/glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) in ileum (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) increased quadraticly by different ","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10329338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9798143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of commercial growing-finishing pigs fed supplemental isoquinoline alkaloids: a statistical process control analysis.","authors":"V Artuso-Ponte,&nbsp;T Steiner,&nbsp;F Neher,&nbsp;Emilio L Cano,&nbsp;A Morillo-Alujas","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00311-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00311-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a powerful statistical tool that can be used in animal production to evaluate the evolution of production parameters overtime in response to the implementation of a specific strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing growing-finishing pigs with isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) on growth performance parameters by using the SPC method. IQ are natural secondary plant metabolites which have been extensively investigated in food animals due to their efficacy in supporting growth performance and the overall health status. Performance parameters and medication usage were collected from 1,283,880 growing-finishing pigs fed the same basal diet, 147,727 of which were supplemented with IQ from day 70 of life until slaughter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation with IQ improved feed conversion ratio, while feed intake and daily gain were maintained.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SPC methods are useful statistical tools to evaluate the effect of using a new feed additive in the feed of pigs on growth performance at a commercial level. Additionally, IQ supplementation improved growth performance and it can be considered as a good strategy to reduce feed conversion in growing-finishing pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10320952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10117050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value of simplified lung lesions scoring systems to inform future codes for routine meat inspection in pigs.","authors":"Joana Pessoa,&nbsp;Conor McAloon,&nbsp;Laura Boyle,&nbsp;Edgar García Manzanilla,&nbsp;Tomas Norton,&nbsp;Maria Rodrigues da Costa","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00324-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00324-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Across the European Union (EU), efforts are being made to achieve modernisation and harmonisation of meat inspection (MI) code systems. Lung lesions were prioritised as important animal based measures at slaughter, but existing standardized protocols are difficult to implement for routine MI. This study aimed to compare the informative value and feasibility of simplified lung lesion scoring systems to inform future codes for routine post mortem MI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data on lung lesions in finisher pigs were collected at slaughter targeting 83 Irish pig farms, with 201 batches assessed, comprising 31,655 pairs of lungs. Lungs were scored for cranioventral pulmonary consolidations (CVPC) and pleurisy lesions using detailed scoring systems, which were considered the gold standard. Using the data collected, scenarios for possible simplified scoring systems to record CVPC (n = 4) and pleurisy (n = 4) lesions were defined. The measurable outcomes were the prevalence and (if possible) severity scoring at batch level for CVPC and pleurisy. An arbitrary threshold was set to the upper quartile (i.e., the top 25% of batches with high prevalence/severity of CVPC or pleurisy, n = 50). Each pair of measurable outcomes was compared by calculating Spearman rank correlations and assessing if batches above the threshold for one measurable outcome were also above it for their pairwise comparison. All scenarios showed perfect agreement (k = 1) when compared among themselves and the gold standard for the prevalence of CVPC. The agreement among severity outcomes and the gold standard showed moderate to perfect agreement (k = [0.66, 1]). The changes in ranking were negligible for all measurable outcomes of pleurisy for scenarios 1, 2 and 3 when compared with the gold standard (rs ≥ 0.98), but these changes amounted to 50% for scenario 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The best simplified CVPC scoring system is to simply count the number of lung lobes affected excluding the intermediate lobe, which provides the best trade-off between value of information and feasibility, by incorporating information on CVPC prevalence and severity. While for pleurisy evaluation, scenario 3 is recommended. This simplified scoring system provides information on the prevalence of cranial and moderate and severe dorsocaudal pleurisy. Further validation of the scoring systems at slaughter and by private veterinarians and farmers is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10311700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9743799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathobiological analysis of african swine fever virus contact-exposed pigs and estimation of the basic reproduction number of the virus in Vietnam.","authors":"Sang-Ik Oh,&nbsp;Ngoc Anh Bui,&nbsp;Vuong Nghia Bui,&nbsp;Duy Tung Dao,&nbsp;Ara Cho,&nbsp;Han Gyu Lee,&nbsp;Young-Hun Jung,&nbsp;Yoon Jung Do,&nbsp;Eunju Kim,&nbsp;Eun-Yeong Bok,&nbsp;Tai-Young Hur,&nbsp;Hu Suk Lee","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00330-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00330-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a fatal disease affecting wild and domestic pigs. Since China reported the first ASF outbreak in August 2018, ASFV has swept over the neighbouring Asian countries. However, studies involving experimental pig-to-pig ASFV transmission in Vietnam are lacking. The main objective of this experimental study was to demonstrate the pathobiological characteristics of ASFV contact-exposed pigs and estimate their basic reproduction number (R₀) in Vietnam. Fifteen pigs were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n = 10) and negative control (n = 5) groups. One pig in the experimental group was intramuscularly inoculated with ASFV strain from Vietnam in 2020 and housed with the uninoculated pigs during the study period (28 days).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inoculated pig died 6 days post-inoculation, and the final survival rate was 90.0%. We started observing viremia and excretion of ASFV 10 days post-exposure in contact-exposed pigs. Unlike the surviving and negative control pigs, all necropsied pigs showed severe congestive splenomegaly and moderate-to-severe haemorrhagic lesions in the lymph nodes. The surviving pig presented with mild haemorrhagic lesions in the spleen and kidneys. We used Susceptible-Infectious-Removed models for estimating R₀. The R₀ values for exponential growth (EG) and maximum likelihood (ML) were calculated to be 2.916 and 4.015, respectively. In addition, the transmission rates (β) were estimated to be 0.729 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.379-1.765) for EG and 1.004 (95% CI: 0.283-2.450) for ML.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed pathobiological and epidemiological information in about pig-to-pig ASFV transmission. Our findings suggested that culling infected herds within a brief period of time may mitigate the spread of ASF outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10311738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and genetic characterization of enteric viruses in diarrhoea outbreaks from swine farms in Spain.","authors":"Héctor Puente,&nbsp;Héctor Arguello,&nbsp;Martí Cortey,&nbsp;Manuel Gómez-García,&nbsp;Oscar Mencía-Ares,&nbsp;Lucía Pérez-Perez,&nbsp;Ivan Díaz,&nbsp;Ana Carvajal","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00326-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00326-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and distribution of Porcine astrovirus (PAstV), Porcine kobuvirus (PKoV), Porcine torovirus (PToV), Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) and Porcine mastadenovirus (PAdV) as well as their association with widely recognized virus that cause diarrhoea in swine such as coronavirus (CoVs) and rotavirus (RVs) in diarrhoea outbreaks from Spanish swine farms. Furthermore, a selection of the viral strains was genetically characterized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PAstV, PKoV, PToV, MRV and PAdV were frequently detected. Particularly, PAstV and PKoV were detected in almost 50% and 30% of the investigated farms, respectively, with an age-dependent distribution; PAstV was mainly detected in postweaning and fattening pigs, while PKoV was more frequent in sucking piglets. Viral co-infections were detected in almost half of the outbreaks, combining CoVs, RVs and the viruses studied, with a maximum of 5 different viral species reported in three investigated farms. Using a next generation sequencing approach, we obtained a total of 24 ARN viral genomes (> 90% genome sequence), characterizing for first time the full genome of circulating strains of PAstV2, PAstV4, PAstV5 and PToV on Spanish farms. Phylogenetic analyses showed that PAstV, PKoV and PToV from Spanish swine farms clustered together with isolates of the same viral species from neighboring pig producing countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although further studies to evaluate the role of these enteric viruses in diarrhoea outbreaks are required, their wide distribution and frequent association in co-infections cannot be disregard. Hence, their inclusion into routine diagnostic panels for diarrhoea in swine should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10286445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10089085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of supplementation with dihydroxylated vitamin D₃ on performance parameters and gut health in weaned Iberian piglets under indoor/outdoor conditions.","authors":"Carmen Álvarez-Delgado,&nbsp;Inés Ruedas-Torres,&nbsp;José M Sánchez-Carvajal,&nbsp;Feliciano Priego-Capote,&nbsp;Laura Castillo-Peinado,&nbsp;Ángela Galán-Relaño,&nbsp;Pedro J Moreno,&nbsp;Esperanza Díaz-Bueno,&nbsp;Benito Lozano-Buenestado,&nbsp;Irene M Rodríguez-Gómez,&nbsp;Librado Carrasco,&nbsp;Francisco J Pallarés,&nbsp;Jaime Gómez-Laguna","doi":"10.1186/s40813-023-00307-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00307-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D may improve innate antimicrobial response and the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier representing an alternative to antibiotics for improving pig health. Therefore, benefits of dietary supplementation with a product based on vitamin D₃ metabolite-rich plant extracts were assessed in 252 purebred Iberian piglets for a period of 60 days. The study group received 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D) (100 ppm) in the conventional feed, which already included vitamin D (2000 IU in the starter and 1000 IU in the adaptation diets, respectively). Average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and coefficient of variation of body weight (CV-BW) were assessed along the study. Blood samples, from 18 animals of the study group and 14 animals of the control group, were collected at selected time points to determine white blood cell count, concentration of vitamin D₃ and its metabolites, and IgA and IgG in serum. Histopathology, morphometry, and immunohistochemistry (IgA and FoxP3) from small intestine samples were performed on days 30 and 60 of the study from 3 animals per group and time point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ADG (493 vs 444 g/day) and FCR (2.3 vs 3.02) showed an improved performance in the supplemented animals. Moreover, the lower CV-BW indicated a greater homogeneity in the treated batches (13.17 vs 26.23%). Furthermore, a mild increase of IgA and in the number of regulatory T cells in the small intestine were observed in treated pigs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight the benefits of this supplementation and encourage to develop further studies along other production stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":20352,"journal":{"name":"Porcine Health Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10266876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9642712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}