Polar Science最新文献_第8页

Multi-level legal protection of traditional knowledge of Arctic indigenous peoples: Decolonizing knowledge production for sustainable development 北极土著人民传统知识的多层次法律保护：促进可持续发展的非殖民化知识生产

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101135

Yota Negishi

{"title":"Multi-level legal protection of traditional knowledge of Arctic indigenous peoples: Decolonizing knowledge production for sustainable development","authors":"Yota Negishi","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article provides a comprehensive exploration of the legal protection of traditional knowledge of Arctic Indigenous Peoples, emphasizing the vital role this knowledge plays in their cultural and spiritual identity. It begins by highlighting the unique and symbiotic relationship between Arctic Indigenous Peoples and their environment, underscoring how climate change threatens this delicate balance and the very essence of their existence. Traditional knowledge, accumulated over generations, is presented as a crucial complement to scientific understanding in combating climate change. The article examines multi-level legal protections of Arctic traditional knowledge. First, at the international level, it discusses instruments like the ILO Convention No. 169 and the UNDRIP, which emphasize cultural dimensions and self-determination, respectively. The integration of traditional knowledge into human rights, environmental, and economic laws is explored. Second, regional legal frameworks are also analyzed, which are corroborated by soft law documents, in the Arctic. Third, the article further delves into national legal protections across Canada, Norway, Finland, and Sweden, detailing how each country incorporates traditional knowledge into legislation and judicial decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The one who takes your breath away in the polar region: A systematic review 在极地地区让你屏息的人：系统回顾

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101202

Norhidayah Rosman , Nur Adilla Zaini

{"title":"The one who takes your breath away in the polar region: A systematic review","authors":"Norhidayah Rosman , Nur Adilla Zaini","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Antarctic was unexplored by humans until the adoption of the Antarctic Treaty in 1961, which then was permanently designated for peaceful purposes and scientific exploration. As the Antarctic national programs and tourism operations expand, there is an increase in the chance of direct human-wildlife conflicts and adverse impacts on endemic fauna and flora, as well as the hazards of infectious disease introduction. Along with this growth, little is known about the chances of infectious disease in the polar region compared to other parts of the world. This review aims to provide a conceptual systematic review of infectious diseases and their effects on Antarctica ecosystems. We hypothesised that infectious diseases in or from Antarctica can be transmitted to researchers or visitors back to their home countries. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023400732). A literature search is done using the online databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus limited to February 2023, open access. Articles from PubMed (n = 40), Web of Science (n = 48), and Scopus (n = 89) were identified. For full-text extraction, articles from PubMed (n = 4), Web of Science (n = 5), Scopus (n = 6), and hand searching (n = 1) were assessed for eligibility, resulting in the exclusion of two duplicates. Finally, 4 out of 14 articles were found to be associated with zoonosis. Thus, this review provides details on possible zoonosis in Antarctica that may affect the ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Community perspectives inform coastal marine ecosystem research in northwestern Greenland 格陵兰西北部沿海海洋生态系统研究中的社区观点

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101112

Mayuko Otsuki , Shin Sugiyama

{"title":"Community perspectives inform coastal marine ecosystem research in northwestern Greenland","authors":"Mayuko Otsuki , Shin Sugiyama","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the world, affecting the natural environment ecosystem and society. Because human society utilizes coastal areas and relies on marine resources for living, research is needed to study human impacts on the coastal marine ecosystem as well as the influence of the changing ecosystem on society. To better understand the changing coastal environments and the impact on society, we performed multidisciplinary research in Qaanaaq, northwestern Greenland. To share and discuss our research results, we organized workshops with residents in Qaanaaq from 2016 to 2019, and in 2022 and 2023. One workshop topic of intense discussion was the summer distribution of Greenland halibut (<em>Reinhardtius hippoglossoides</em>), because of its socio-economic importance in the region. Another point of interest for the residents was the potential presence of pollution on the beach, as a result of the nearby village. Residents voiced concern about the accumulation of heavy metals in <em>Mytilus</em> spp. (blue mussel) because residents catch mussels near the dump site. Close collaboration with residents as well as co-design and direction of the research is increasingly important for researchers to contribute to a sustainable future for populations living in the Arctic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differentiating Indigenous Peoples from local communities under climate regimes in just energy transition: Implications for the Inuit and Sami Peoples 在能源转型的气候制度下区分土著人民与当地社区：对因纽特人和萨米人的影响

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101123

Hitomi Kimura

{"title":"Differentiating Indigenous Peoples from local communities under climate regimes in just energy transition: Implications for the Inuit and Sami Peoples","authors":"Hitomi Kimura","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distinction between Indigenous peoples and local communities under climate regimes was initially addressed under the UNFCCC and has recently garnered renewed attention owing to energy policy changes to cope with rapid climate change such as in Alaska. The Montana climate litigation demonstrates the possibility of harmonizing Indigenous peoples and local communities by clearly identifying the unique climate-related indigenous culture and avoiding unintentional confrontation, given the difficulty of making clear distinctions in modern society and garnering sympathy from the local community against litigations that solely seek indigenous rights, but Indigenous peoples themselves may not see the need for harmony. Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs) is one approach to achieve a 30 by 30 target under the CBD by designating Indigenous peoples' original land but may not be beneficial to assert inherent rights or the best way to achieve harmony if they work with local communities. The local community of Finnish non-Sami reindeer herders will not receive protection under the ICCPR unlike Sami herders in Norway, if a case similar to Norway's Fosen case occurs. As just energy transition alone does not automatically reflect the perspectives of Indigenous peoples, green colonialism could easily occur when their rights are not considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of the indigenous exceptions in international economic law for effective protection of indigenous peoples’ rights and interests: A case study of Mexico – GE corn dispute under the USMCA 国际经济法中土著例外在有效保护土著人民权益中的作用：以美墨加协定下墨西哥-转基因玉米争端为例

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101163

Tomohiko Kobayashi

{"title":"Role of the indigenous exceptions in international economic law for effective protection of indigenous peoples’ rights and interests: A case study of Mexico – GE corn dispute under the USMCA","authors":"Tomohiko Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines an ongoing trade dispute initiated by the US in 2023 over Mexico's nationwide prohibition on using GE corn for human consumption, focusing on the volume of the legal arguments related to the indigenous exception clause under Article 32.5 USMCA that allows state parties to deviate from all other treaty obligations, if they deem it necessary to fulfill legal obligations to indigenous peoples. By analyzing this case, the paper aims to illuminate the legal impacts and limitations of indigenous exception clauses in trade agreements. Our research found that, throughout the adversarial panel proceedings, both the Mexican and US sides devoted minimal attention to the indigenous exception, constituting no more than 4% of their legal arguments. As arguments related to SPS compatibility decreased, emphasis on exception clauses increased, primarily focusing on general exceptions despite their recognized difficulty. Mexico did not increase its reliance on the indigenous exception, which, though offering broader discretion, was ostensibly not considered a major defense for justifying the measures under the USMCA. We discuss that while balancing values and interests is crucial to mitigate trade disputes, indigenous exception clauses should not be used for protectionist purpose and hinder indigenous participation in world trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shear Wave Velocity Structure beneath Maitri station in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica from Joint Inversions of Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity, Multimode Surface Waves and Diffused Wave Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios 基于瑞利波椭圆度、多模面波和扩散波纵横谱比联合反演的东南极洲drning Maud地Maitri站横波速度结构

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101208

K. Sivaram , M. Shekar , Satish Saha

{"title":"Shear Wave Velocity Structure beneath Maitri station in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica from Joint Inversions of Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity, Multimode Surface Waves and Diffused Wave Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios","authors":"K. Sivaram , M. Shekar , Satish Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dronning Maud Land (DML) in East Antarctica, a stable cratonic block, is explored to understand the evolution of the Gondwana supercontinent. This study investigates the capabilities of the Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity (RWE) and the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR), assuming equipartitioned phases or diffused field assumption (DFA) of ambient noise field (ANF), to assess shallow crustal shear velocity. Using data from India's permanent broadband seismic station at Maitri (MAI) in DML, we analyse the crustal and shallow shear velocity in the frequency range 0.02 Hz (50 s period) to 10 Hz (0.1 s period) from 2013 to 2017, excluding disturbance periods. The RWE is extracted with two different methods, and the geometric mean of RWE and HVSR is compared. Both RWE and HVSR curves show a stable shape with a low-frequency peak around ∼0.03 Hz, indicating a deep velocity contrast. A peak near ∼6 Hz is observed but with wide variations and smaller peak amplitudes, possibly due to ice thickness or permafrost variations. Using a reference shear velocity model from a previous receiver function (RF) study at MAI, we apply non-linear inversions on RWE and HVSR (DFA) curves for crustal velocity profiles up to ∼50 km. Joint inversions with multimodal surface-wave dispersion curves minimize inversion non-uniqueness, yielding a good match with RF model. The derived shear velocity models show a distinct velocity contrast at 30–35 km depth (possibly the Moho) and a shallow, low-velocity sedimentary layer at 150–800 m depth, with a possible high-velocity, densified layer at ∼3 km depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fragmented Arctic science: Permafrost as a salient feature in the divergence between geopolitical and chronopolitical perspectives 支离破碎的北极科学：永久冻土是地缘政治和时间政治观点分歧的一个显著特征

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101207

Florian Vidal , Louna Saas

{"title":"Fragmented Arctic science: Permafrost as a salient feature in the divergence between geopolitical and chronopolitical perspectives","authors":"Florian Vidal , Louna Saas","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Russia’s war in Ukraine has drastically affected the Arctic governance, freezing institutional mechanisms established in the post-Cold War period. Among the lasting consequences, scientific cooperation between Western and Russian research communities has been impaired involving international projects on critical environmental issues in the polar region. Although joint research activities have been curtailed since February 2022, efforts have been made to revive Arctic scientific dialogue to address the pressing concerns related to rapid climate change in the polar region. Monitoring permafrost conditions is a key feature in anticipating the future trajectory of the planet. However, about 65% of Russia’s territory is covered by permafrost, which represents a serious blind spot for the Western scientific community without data access. Given the current geopolitical breakdown, this situation could jeopardize climate modeling and ultimately pose a threat to international security. At the same time, Russia is pursuing and developing Arctic scientific cooperation with non-Western partners, including China and India. These countries are now becoming competitors with the Western research community, thereby creating alternative channels for the flow of scientific knowledge. Using the example of permafrost research, this article examines the long-term implications of the decoupling of Russia and the West in the domain of polar science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of long-term monitoring of Antarctic moss banks to recent climate changes 南极苔藓库对近期气候变化的长期监测进展

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101174

Anton Puhovkin , Taras Kazantsev , Miloš Barták , Yuriy Shepeta , Artem Dzhulai , Natalia Miryuta , Josef Hájek , Ivan Parnikoza

{"title":"Development of long-term monitoring of Antarctic moss banks to recent climate changes","authors":"Anton Puhovkin , Taras Kazantsev , Miloš Barták , Yuriy Shepeta , Artem Dzhulai , Natalia Miryuta , Josef Hájek , Ivan Parnikoza","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The parameters of four moss banks in Argentine Islands were studied. Using unmanned aerial vehicle, we distinguished green and non-green color classes of moss in order to evaluate interannual changes. Spectral reflectance data were recorded and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were calculated for each color class. Interannually, NDVI of green class cover increased, indicating a possible positive impact of integrate environmental factors. Laboratory measurements revealed a significant difference in chlorophyll content and shape of spectral reflectance curves (380–790 nm) for color classes of two dominant species of the moss communities, <em>Polytrichum strictum</em> and <em>Sanionia georgicouncinata</em>. The analysis of spectral indices revealed color-dependent differences in NDVI and other indices; photochemical reflectance index and NDVI were discovered to be the most sensitive to detect color classes. Chlorophyll fluorescence transients (OJIPs) and OJIP-derived parameters decreased in both species from green to non-green class due to the progressive decline in chlorophyll content and its ability to perform Photosystem II related photosynthetic processes. Thus, the green color class is healthy with a high chlorophyll content while the non-green is unhealthy, that can be used as an indicator of changes in the state of moss bank for the long-term monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable development in the Arctic for Indigenous peoples 土著人民在北极的可持续发展

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101217

Yuko Osakada

引用次数: 0

Predictability and applicability evaluation of winter temperatures in China based on Eurasian Arctic sea ice concentrations in autumn 基于欧亚北极海冰秋季浓度的中国冬季气温可预测性及适用性评价

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101133

Y. Ma , L. Zhao , J.-S. Wang , Q. Wu , X. Li , Q. Li , W. Cheng , T. Yu , L. Sun

{"title":"Predictability and applicability evaluation of winter temperatures in China based on Eurasian Arctic sea ice concentrations in autumn","authors":"Y. Ma , L. Zhao , J.-S. Wang , Q. Wu , X. Li , Q. Li , W. Cheng , T. Yu , L. Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current trends of a warming Arctic and a reduction in Arctic sea ice lead to remote effects on climate anomalies in mid-latitude regions. We investigate the predictability of winter temperatures in China using an empirical regression model to forecast those temperatures based on the Eurasian Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) in autumn and explore the applicability of this prediction method. Result shows the September Eurasian SIC achieves a highly skilled seasonal prediction of winter temperature anomalies in China. A cross-validated hindcast for the leading principal component of winter temperatures in China using the September SIC within the region (40–150° E, 65–85° N) yields a correlation skill of 0.47 from 1979 to 2018. This suggests that 22% of winter temperature variance in China can be predicted by the Eurasian SIC two months in advance. Winter temperature hindcast/forecast results indicate that September SIC demonstrates a positive temporal anomaly correlation coefficient at most stations in China, with a spatial average reaching 0.32/0.29. However, its forecasting ability for the magnitude of temperature anomalies is relatively weak. Lower tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures, a weak polar vortex, and a strong Ural blocking (UB) in autumn could improve Eurasian SIC's predictive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0