Polymer Journal最新文献

{"title":"Exclusive formation of stereocomplex crystallites in PLLA/PDLA (50/50) blends by the addition of a plasticizer","authors":"Neimatallah Hosni Mohammed Mahmoud, Hideaki Takagi, Nobutaka Shimizu, Noriyuki Igarashi, Shinichi Sakurai","doi":"10.1038/s41428-024-00919-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-024-00919-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of loading amounts of a biobased plasticizer, namely, organic acid monoglyceride (OMG), on the formation of homocrystals (HCs) and stereocomplex crystals (SCs) in PLLA/PDLA (50/50) blends by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) observations. OMG at different concentrations was added to the PLLA/PDLA (50/50) blend from 0.5 to 5% in 0.5% increments. The addition of OMG was found to enhance SC formation while suppressing HC formation in both nonisothermal and isothermal experiments. The total suppression of HC formation and exclusive SC formation was achieved in the specimens with OMG contents higher than 3% after isothermal crystallization at 170 °C for 5 h. This result was confirmed by WAXD measurements of the specimens with 4 and 5% OMG, where only SC diffraction peaks were observed. In addition, the degree of crystallinity was found to be the same for the specimens with 0 and 5% OMG crystallized at 170 °C for 5 h. These findings imply that not only did the SC form exclusively but also that the presence of OMG actively accelerated its crystallization. The effects of an organic monoglyceride (OMG) plasticizer on the crystallization of the PLLA/PDLA (50/50) blend were investigated by examining the isothermal crystallization of the blend with different contents of OMG (1–5 wt%) using POM, DSC, and time-resolved WAXD. It was found that the increase of the OMG content promoted the exclusive formation of stereocomplex crystallites and enhanced its crystallinity while suppressing the formation of homocrystals.","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 9","pages":"819-831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradability of unsaturated poly(ester-thioether)s synthesized by thiol-yne reactions","authors":"Katsuhisa Yano, Akinori Takasu, Hiroshi Eguchi","doi":"10.1038/s41428-024-00916-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-024-00916-7","url":null,"abstract":"We prepared the dialkynyl monomers 1,4-butanediol dipropiolate, meso-erythritol dipropiolate, and isomannide dipropiolate (IMDP) via the reactions of 1,4-butanediol, meso-erythritol, and isomannide, respectively, with propiolic acid. The thiol-Michael polyaddition of three dialkynyl monomers with several dithiols, namely, 1,4-butanedithiol, ethylene bis(thioglycolate), 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol, D,L-dithiothreitol, and D-2,5-di-O-(2-mercaptoacetate)-1,4:3,6-dianhydromannitol (MAIM), proceeded in chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or N,N-dimethylformamide (25 °C) using triethylamine as the catalyst to give unsaturated poly(ester-thioether)s with the expected structures (Mn, 2.4 × 103 to 22.6 × 103; molecular dispersity index [Mw/Mn], 1.26–2.00). All of the poly(ester-thioester)s had single glass-transition temperature (Tg) values between −27 and 49 °C. While the rigid main chains improved the glass transition temperature, all of the poly(ester-thioester)s showed apparent enzymatic hydrolysis by lipase but low biodegradability in biodegradation tests using activated sludge. The poly(IMDP-alt-MAIM) with the highest biobased degree (55%) showed the highest biodegradability (10%) and the highest Tg (49 °C), suggesting that dianhydrosugars are suitable as biomass for improving biodegradability as well as thermal properties. The thiol-Michael polyaddition of three dialkynyl monomers with several dithiols proceeded using triethylamine as the catalyst to give unsaturated poly(ester-thioether)s with the expected structures (Mn, 2.4 × 103 to 22.6 × 103; molecular dispersity index [Mw/Mn], 1.26–2.00). All of the poly(ester-thioester)s had single glass-transition temperature values between −27 and 49 °C. While the rigid main chains improved the glass transition temperature, all of the poly(ester-thioester)s showed apparent enzymatic hydrolysis by lipase but low biodegradability in biodegradation tests using activated sludge.","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 8","pages":"725-734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41428-024-00916-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramolecular catalyst transfer on silylene group between benzene rings in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction: synthesis of σ−π conjugated cyclic polymers","authors":"Natsumi Harada, Rina Yachida, Ryusuke Shimada, Takayoshi Katoh, Sena Hashimoto, Yoshihiro Ohta, Izumi Iwakura, Tsutomu Yokozawa","doi":"10.1038/s41428-024-00913-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-024-00913-w","url":null,"abstract":"The Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of BrC6H4-SiRR’-C6H4Br 1 with phenylboronic acid 3 in the presence of tBu3PPd precatalyst 4 and CsF/18-crown-6 produced a phenyl-disubstituted product, indicating that the Pd catalyst underwent catalyst transfer on the silylene group. The polycondensation of 1 and phenylenediboronic acid 2 yielded cyclic polymers even when excess 1 was used. The obtained cyclic polymers containing the silylene group showed stronger fluorescence in solution than did the methylene counterpart.","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 8","pages":"777-781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in crystal morphology induced by lanthanide doping into diacetylene lamellar crystals","authors":"Michinari Kohri, Sojiro Isomura, Kyoka Tachibana, Ryota Hikichi, Yuya Oaki, Hiroki Wadati, Hirofumi Kanoh, Keiki Kishikawa","doi":"10.1038/s41428-024-00917-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-024-00917-6","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we show that doping lanthanides into lamellar crystals reorganizes the lamellar structure and dramatically changes the crystal morphology. Azo-DA, a compound with azobenzene derivatives and carboxylic acids at both ends of the diacetylene moiety, formed plate-like lamellar crystals. The doping of holmium (Ho), a lanthanide, into the film obtained by stacking Azo-DA lamellar crystals, promoted a dramatic change in crystal morphology, resulting in the formation of an Azo-DA/Ho film with a radial lamellar crystal structure. A detailed investigation of the crystal growth process revealed that Azo-DA/Ho, which is slightly formed in the solution phase during Ho doping, acts as a pseudonucleating agent and dramatically changes the morphology of the lamellar crystals. Additionally, the morphological changes in the lamellar crystal films significantly changed the surface properties of the films, such as their appearance and water repellency. Similar morphological changes in lamellar crystals were induced when other lanthanide elements were used instead of Ho, and the type of lanthanide dopant can affect the magnetic properties of the films. Doping lanthanides into lamellar crystals of diacetylene derivatives with terminal carboxylic acids reorganized the lamellar structure and dramatically changed the crystal morphology. Detailed investigation of the crystal growth process revealed that the complexes of lanthanide and diacetylene derivatives, which are slightly formed in the solution phase during lanthanide doping, may act as a pseudonuclear agent and change the morphology of the lamellar crystals. Furthermore, the morphology changes of the lamellar crystal films significantly altered surface properties such as film appearance and water repellency.","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 8","pages":"765-775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41428-024-00917-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ring-opening polymerization of six-membered cyclic hybrid dimers composed of an oxoester and thioester","authors":"Mao Hirata, Tomoki Yoshimatsu, Shin-ichi Matsuoka, Susumu Kawauchi, Masato Suzuki","doi":"10.1038/s41428-024-00915-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-024-00915-8","url":null,"abstract":"Three cyclic oxoester-thioester hybrid monomers, 1 (3-methyl-1,4-oxathiane-2,5-dione), 2 (6-methyl-1,4-oxathiane-2,5-dione), and 3 (3,6-dimethyl-1,4-oxathiane-2,5-dione), were studied for anionic and cationic ring-opening polymerizations. These monomers are six-membered cyclic cross-dimers corresponding to combinations of glycolic and lactic acids with their thiol analogs. Anionic polymerizations using thiol as the initiator and 2,6-lutidine as the base catalyst were successful for the chemoselective cleavage of the thioester with the thiol propagating end. The polymerizability increased in the order of 3 < 1 < 2, which was in good agreement with the increasing ring strain order evaluated by Density Functional Theory calculations. The living character, to some extent, was suggested by the postpolymerization reactions, which involved a two-stage feed of the monomers and a thiol-ene terminal coupling reaction to form a block copolymer with PEG. Additionally, it was found that the polymerization took place in 2,6-lutidine without a thiol initiator and produced macrocyclic polymers. The cationic polymerizations took place with the aid of CF3SO3H and benzyl alcohol but involved side reactions with low chemoselective ring cleavage. The thioester unit caused the polymers to exhibit a lower Tg with greater thermal and photo degradability. Three cyclic oxoester-thioester hybrid monomers were studied for anionic and cationic ring-opening polymerizations. Anionic polymerizations using thiol with 2,6-lutidine were successful for the chemoselective cleavage of the thioester with the thiol propagating end, exhibiting the living character to some extent. The polymerization in 2,6-lutidine without an initiator produced macrocyclic polymers. The cationic polymerizations occurred with the aid of CF3SO3H and benzyl alcohol but involved side reactions with low chemoselective ring cleavage. The thioester unit caused the polymers to exhibit a lower Tg with greater thermal and photo degradability.","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 8","pages":"711-723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41428-024-00915-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesis of acrylamide derivative copolymers with side urethane groups for systematic variation of the thermoresponsive behavior","authors":"Shohei Ida, Ryu Hashiguchi, Yusuke Murai, Kaito Nakamura, Kazuki Yano, Shokyoku Kanaoka","doi":"10.1038/s41428-024-00914-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-024-00914-9","url":null,"abstract":"A simple method to finely control the thermoresponsive properties of polymers over a wide range of temperatures is to enhance the versatility of the thermoresponsive polymers. One such useful technique is the radical copolymerization of two types of monomers with similar copolymerization reactivities, which allows the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity balance in the polymer structure to be easily tuned. In this study, we focused on a urethane-containing monomer as the key compound, which can be easily obtained by the reaction between an isocyanate and a hydrophilic precursor monomer containing a hydroxy group. A variety of urethane-embedded acrylamide monomers with different alkyl side chains (ethyl: EtUAAm, n-butyl: BuUAAm, and n-hexyl: HexUAAm) were synthesized from 2-hydroxyethylacrylamide (HEAAm) and alkyl isocyanates. Copolymers of HEAAm and EtUAAm with different compositions were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The obtained copolymer with a high urethane composition (>67%) exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type thermoresponse in water due to the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding derived from the urethane side groups. The response temperature could be widely varied by altering the composition, molecular weight, end groups and alkyl side chains of the urethane monomer. Simple control of the thermoresponsive properties of polymers in water over a broad range is achieved by using a designed urethane-containing acrylamide monomer in combination with a hydroxy-containing precursor monomer, which forms a statistical sequence due to its similar backbone. The copolymers exhibited a lower critical solution temperature-type responsive behavior in water, and the effects of structural factors such as composition, molecular weight, end groups and side-chain structure in urethane monomers were systematically evaluated.","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 8","pages":"735-743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of polymer concentration on molecular alignment behavior during scanning wave photopolymerization","authors":"Takuto Ishiyama, Yoshiaki Kobayashi, Hirona Nakamura, Miho Aizawa, Kyohei Hisano, Shoichi Kubo, Atsushi Shishido","doi":"10.1038/s41428-024-00912-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-024-00912-x","url":null,"abstract":"Molecularly aligned liquid-crystalline (LC) polymer films hold great promise for next-generation high-performance photonics, electronics, robotics, and medical devices. Photoalignment methods capable of achieving precise molecular alignment in a noncontact manner have been actively studied. Recently, we proposed the concept of using spatiotemporal photopolymerization to induce molecular diffusion and the resulting alignment, termed scanning wave photopolymerization (SWaP). The spatial gradient of the polymer concentration is the dominant factor in inducing the molecular diffusion and alignment of LCs. However, the effect of polymer concentration on molecular alignment behavior remains unclear. In this study, we performed SWaP at different exposure energies to modulate the polymer concentration during polymerization. We found that a certain polymer concentration was required to initiate the alignment. Furthermore, the phase diagram of the polymer/monomer mixtures and real-time observations during SWaP revealed that phase emergence and unidirectional molecular alignment occurred simultaneously when the polymer concentration exceeded 50%. Since SWaP achieves molecular alignment coincident with photopolymerization, it has the potential to revolutionize material fabrication by consolidating the multiple-step processes required to create functional materials in a single step. Schematic illustrations of the alignment behavior induced by SWaP. Photopolymerization was conducted with a scanned UV slit light. Uniaxial molecular alignment was induced when the polymer concentration in the exposure area was high, while it was random when the polymer concentration was low.","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 8","pages":"745-751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41428-024-00912-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisit of crystal orientation in a vulcanizate of natural rubber under planar elongation","authors":"Ruito Tanaka, Tomohiro Yasui, Hideaki Takagi, Nobutaka Shimizu, Noriyuki Igarashi, Hiroyasu Masunaga, Yuji Kitamura, Katsuhiko Tsunoda, Thanh-Tam Mai, Kenji Urayama, Shinichi Sakurai","doi":"10.1038/s41428-024-00910-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-024-00910-z","url":null,"abstract":"The orientation of the crystalline lattice formed as a consequence of strain-induced crystallization (SIC) was revisited for a natural rubber (NR) sheet undergoing planar elongation by being stretched in one direction while keeping the other dimension unchanged. For this purpose, two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns were measured by changing the inclination angle of the incident X-ray beam to the specimen sheet. The intensity of the reflection from the (120) plane of the orthorhombic crystal increased with increasing inclination angle from the normal direction of the specimen sheet; this result indicated that the orientation of the (120) planes was parallel to the surface of the specimen sheet. Moreover, the intensity of the (200) plane reflection reached a maximum at a slightly inclined angle from the normal of the specimen surface. WAXD measurements were also conducted using different X-ray wavelengths (0.06, 0.10, and 0.15 nm) to evaluate the inclined angle of the ac plane with respect to the surface of the specimen. By changing the X-ray wavelength, the distribution of reciprocal lattice points was altered such that the inclined angle of the incident X-ray beam to the specimen sheet needed to be changed to meet the diffraction condition. The inclined angle at the maximum intensity of the (200) reflection increased as a function of the X-ray wavelength. Based on this result, the preferential orientation of the ac planes was determined, whereby the ac plane was not completely parallel to the surface of the specimen sheet but was slightly inclined by 6.4°. Thus, a dual orientational state was deduced. Therefore, the preferential orientation of the ac plane was nearly parallel to the surface of the specimen sheet, with the inclined angle ranging from 6.4° to 19.6° within the volume of the specimen irradiated by the incident X-ray beam. Natural rubber exhibits the strain-induced crystallization (SIC). By using WAXD, the orientation of NR crystal formed by SIC under planar elongation was revisited. We found that the orientational state of the crystal lattice possesses a continuous margin of the orientation angle between 6.4 and 19.6° for the ac plane with respect to the surface of the specimen sheet in the real NR specimen. This orientational state could be accomplished as a result of balancing the preferential parallel orientation of (120) planes (the slip planes) and C = C planes with respect to the surface of the specimen sheet.","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 8","pages":"753-763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140609503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue: Polymer degradation for a sustainable future","authors":"Makoto Ouchi, Reika Katsumata, Eriko Sato, Keiji Tanaka","doi":"10.1038/s41428-023-00882-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-023-00882-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 4","pages":"221-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41428-023-00882-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140348876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A highly crystalline face-on π-conjugated polymer based on alkoxythiophene-flanked benzobisthiazole for organic photovoltaics","authors":"Shuhei Doi, Tsubasa Mikie, Kodai Yamanaka, Yuki Sato, Hideo Ohkita, Masahiko Saito, Itaru Osaka","doi":"10.1038/s41428-024-00906-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41428-024-00906-9","url":null,"abstract":"The use of noncovalent intramolecular interactions constitutes a powerful design strategy for preparing π-conjugated polymers featuring high backbone coplanarities and thereby high crystallinities. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of an alkoxythiophene-flanked benzobisthiazole (BBTz) as a new building unit for π-conjugated polymers, which was subsequently copolymerized to give a simple BBTz-bithiophene copolymer with alkyl and alkoxy groups (PDBTz2). Owing to the S···O noncovalent intramolecular interactions between the alkoxy oxygens and thiazole sulfurs in BBTz, PDBTz2 showed greater coplanarity and crystallinity than its alkyl counterpart, PDBTz1. Interestingly, the backbone orientation was completely altered from the edge-on orientation observed for PDBTz1 to a face-on orientation for PDBTz2, which is preferable for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In addition, the electron-donating nature of the alkoxy group increased the HOMO energy level of PDBTz2 compared to that of PDBTz1, which enabled photoinduced hole transfer from a nonfullerene acceptor, Y6, to the polymer. As a result, the short-circuit current density of an organic photovoltaic cell based on PDBTz2 and Y6 was significantly greater than that of a cell based on PDBTz1 and Y6. This study confirmed that alkoxythiophene-flanked BBTz is a promising building unit for high-performance π-conjugated polymers. We synthesized a new benzobisthiazole (BBTz) containing building unit in which two alkoxythiophenes were attached to the BBTz moiety so as to induce oxygen–sulfur noncovalent intramolecular interactions and thereby interlock the linkage. As a result, the π-conjugated polymer incorporating the new building unit, PDBTz2, had a more coplanar and rigid backbone than the alkyl counterpart, PDBTz1. Interestingly, the backbone orientation was completely altered from the edge-on orientation (PDBTz1) to the face-on orientation (PDBTz2), which is preferable for organic photovoltaics. Accordingly, PDBTz2 showed a much higher photovoltaic performance than PDBTz1.","PeriodicalId":20302,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Journal","volume":"56 11","pages":"1051-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41428-024-00906-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}