WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS最新文献

{"title":"Design Guidelines for Low Power Embedded Systems using Low Power Electronics","authors":"Yashu Swami","doi":"10.37394/232017.2023.14.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2023.14.8","url":null,"abstract":"The design of Low Power Embedded Systems (LPES) and IoT products may include a variety of power management techniques, or they may incorporate sophisticated on-chip capabilities that assist in reduced power usage. The power management and low power consumption of embedded systems are also enabled by complex algorithms, and every Low Power System (LPS) may require a mix of approaches to avoid using extra battery power. There are several strategies we may use when creating an LPES that must be extremely power efficient while simultaneously offering the necessary degree of computational capability. It all depends on the design specifications that must be met. Then, if at all feasible, choose the appropriate low-power components from Low Power Electronics (LPE). After studying and reviewing multiple LPES real-time projects, we compiled a list of a few strategies we may use to approach low-power design and consumption for embedded systems. Following the analysis of numerous LPES real-time projects, we came up with a list of a few approaches to low-power design for embedded systems using LPE. There are additional benefits of LPES design. Less heat is generated through LPES, which is better for the environment. For 1000 LPES devices, one watt of power saved per device equals one KWH i.e. we can save 1 unit of electricity. Design with low power increases the component and system reliability. The embedded system's operating life is enhanced. In many instances, LPES designs may result in a reduction in production costs. The LPE components chosen are more affordable and inexpensive. Hence, the low-wattage power supply, LPES design is easier and less expensive.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Voltage Controlled Oscillator for the Applications in K-band and the Proposal of a Tunable VCO","authors":"G. Kapur","doi":"10.37394/232017.2023.14.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2023.14.5","url":null,"abstract":"The advances in wireless technology have made the transfer or sharing of information simple and efficient thereby maximizing its impact to society around the globe. Due to these advances more memory space is required to store such a large transfer of information. This can only be done by reducing the device size which means scaling of MOS transistor to deep submicron levels. The most important part of wireless technology is the wireless trans-receiver. Its role is to transmit or receive the information to (or from) the wireless device. In the wireless trans-receiver, the frequency synthesizer is responsible for generating a stable output frequency which is used further to mix the received signal down to lower frequencies and vice-versa. This stable output frequency is generated by using Phase Locked Loop (PLL). While working at high frequency at the range of 12GHz to 40 GHz, where the operation is carried out at a very high speed and the coverage is done with the multiple beams, the circuits used at high frequency should be compatible with high speed. So, in this paper one very basic component which is the heart of communication system i.e., VCO is studied and the design parameters has been listed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130764854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simplified Novel Link for A Simplified Stability Analysis of Finite Difference Time Domain Method","authors":"Osman Said Bişkin, S. Aksoy","doi":"10.37394/232017.2023.14.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2023.14.4","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical stability and numerical dispersion analyses are critical subjects for Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. To perform these analyses, first of all, an equivalency of the FDTD numerical dispersion equation for Maxwell’s equations and wave equation is proven in this study. Then, based on those calculations, a simplified version of a novel link is developed. Using this simplified version, a stability criterion and an amplification factor of the FDTD method are more easily extracted. Therefore, the FDTD stability analysis becomes simpler. The theoretical findings are validated by a numerical example of a late time simulation interval in the FDTD method. In particular, the effect of a hard FDTD source and a soft FDTD source on the growth (amplification) factor is also investigated.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122427176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Stress – Induced Subtle Magnetic Changes in a Mild Steel using Barkhausen Emission-Aided Analysis Approaches","authors":"A. Altzoumailis, V. Kytopoulos","doi":"10.37394/232017.2023.14.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2023.14.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this study magnetic Barkhausen emission – based approaches were used to reveal and characterize some interesting elastic stress - induced quantitative and qualitative subtle changes in the micromagnetic activity of steels. The quantitative changes consist in a multiplication of domain walls whereas the qualitative in the formation of two major modes of domain wall motion. Concerning the first kind of changes, it was shown that the experimentally obtained low limit of elastic stress at which such micromagnetic changes may occur is in reasonable agreement with existing theoretical as well as experimental results. Concerning the second kind of changes, it was shown by means of two types of distribution approach, that these two modes of wall motion may be related to the grain boundaries as well as the grain interior micromagnetic activity. In this context, it was also shown that an increase in the supplied elastic strain leads to a broadening of both distribution modes.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123808414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Accurate Technique for CO-OFDM Channel Estimation Technique Using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM)","authors":"N. Joseph, P. C.","doi":"10.37394/232017.2023.14.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2023.14.2","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless systems, channel estimation is considered a problematic technology, due to the fact of the difference in time between wireless channels and the noise effect. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising candidate for future optical communications and has received wide concern. The article proposed a Coherent Optical (CO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, which gives a scalable and flexible solution for increasing the transmission rate, being extremely robust to chromatic dispersion as well as polarization mode dispersion. Nevertheless, both coherent detection and OFDM are prone to phase noise due to the phase mismatch between the laser oscillators at the transmitter and receiver sides and the relatively long OFDM symbol duration compared to that of single carrier communications. An Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with Pilot Assisted Equalization (PEM) is proposed for compensation of impairments caused by fibre nonlinearity in coherent optical communication systems. Channel estimation using ELM and the value of distortion is sent to the OSTBC receiving end based on the distortion information the data is decoded and pilot data is removed. FFT is applied to the data and QPSK demodulation is done in the data to get its original form. In addition, the article utilized a free-space optical communication system of multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) with a modified receiver structure. Simulation reveals that the proposed model exhibits significant BER (0.0112) performance and provides better spectral efficiency as compared with conventional systems and less computational complexity. This suggested that the proposed method shows better performance by using the CO-OFDM-FSO-MIMO-ELM-based channel estimation technique for high-speed data communication networks in real-time scenarios respectively.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130751152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Implementation of Painting and Replacement Automation Robot System in Spindle Line for Smart Manufacturing","authors":"oung-Jae Kim, Yohan Han, Jongpil Jeong","doi":"10.37394/232017.2023.14.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2023.14.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of painting the surface of injection products, the spray trajectory and speed are very important and have a very important effect on productivity and quality. However, since it is very difficult to standardize and quantify each product, it was difficult to apply automation to the painting process, so there were many cases where people directly operated it. Recently, with the development of robot technology, many manufacturing processes performed by humans are being replaced. To automate painting in the spindle line of the painting process, we design Painting and Replacement Automation Robot System in Spindle Line. By implementing it in an actual production line, we have greatly improved productivity and reduced paint replacement time.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117042350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Minimization of Mutual Coupling Steered Array Lens Antenna for 5G Communication","authors":"Roopashree D., S. K. N., R. Bhagyalakshmi, C. K. N.","doi":"10.37394/232017.2022.13.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2022.13.20","url":null,"abstract":"Examining and evaluating the improved microstrip patch antenna to enhance the performance by the initial objectives are the main contribution of this paper. To achieve multiband operation, the patch's shape is first adjusted later microstrip patch with the slot presented. With the help of the Ansoft HFSS antenna simulator, functional analysis has been shown to examine the impact on antenna resonant frequency. A probe-driven microstrip patch antenna imprinted on FR4 epoxy substrate with 1.6mm thickness and a dielectric constant of 4.4 is developed in this work via the HFSS tool for wireless applications operating between 2 to 5GHz. To achieve multiband operation, the structure of the patch is varied. The impacts on antenna resonant frequency are examined through numerical simulations. The length, as well as the width of a traditional patch antenna, is initially computed, and further, an appropriate patch dimension of 28.3mm x 36.9mm has been determined. For multiband operation over the frequency ranging between 2 and 5GHz wireless applications, a probe-driven microstrip patch antenna imprinted on FR4 epoxy substrate with 1.6mm thickness and a dielectric constant of 4.4 is built via the HFSS tool. The proposed architecture of a traditional microstrip patch antenna is imprinted on an FR4 epoxy substrate with a 1.6mm thickness and a 4.4 dielectric constant. The proposed antenna design is illustrated for the 3D structure of the Mutual Coupling Steered Array-Lens Antenna System (MPA) with an improved patch. To achieve multiband operation, two slots are inserted on the edges of the patch, and both the slots are 2mm wide, as well as the depth of the slots is modified to see how it corresponds to the resonant frequency. This work is mainly concentrated on (i) Examining as well as evaluating the improved microstrip patch antenna to enhance its performance, (ii) Examining, evaluating, as well as assessing the performance of an improved split ring resonator metamaterial, and (iii) Exploring, analyzing, as well as evaluating the performance of dielectric lens base patch array antennas and (iv) Developing as well as analyzing the transmission line phase shifter. The groundwork for developing this work is being carried out, and a comparative study is made on (i) techniques for improving the antenna's performance through the application of a modified patch antenna, a Modified split ring resonator, a Dielectric lens structure, and Transmission line phase shifter.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129814394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Simulation of ETL-Free Perovskite/Si Tandem Cell with 33% Efficiency","authors":"Ahmed Saeed, M. Mousa, M. Salah, A. Zekry, M. Abouelatta, A. Shaker, F. Amer, Roaa I. Mubarak","doi":"10.37394/232017.2022.13.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2022.13.18","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-junction (tandem) cell using MAPbI3-xClx and silicon as absorbers has been designed and\u0000simulated in this paper. The thickness of the silicon layer in the bottom cell is 2 μm allowing it to absorb the\u0000transmitted spectrum from the perovskite subcell as much as possible. The thickness of the MAPbI3-xClx layer is\u0000optimized using a proposed algorithm. The output metrics show that the optimum thickness of the MAPbI3-xClx\u0000layer was 205 nm. The simulation outputs showed that the proposed tandem cell has an efficiency of 33.09% with\u0000an open circuit voltage of 1.9 V and a short circuit current of 19.95 mA/cm2\u0000.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121316811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cube Satellite Battery Charger Regulator Design","authors":"F. Metehri, M. Bensaada, M. Beldjehem","doi":"10.37394/232017.2022.13.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2022.13.19","url":null,"abstract":"Battery Charger Regulator (BCR) circuit used on spacecraft power systems, are usually switching regulators to provide maximum power for current operation mode and fixed voltage for voltage mode. In this article, we present detailed design procedures for BCR implemented on Cube-satellite. We will show small-signal analysis of a battery charger, to perform the control loop design of the maximum power point detection step and also voltage mode control loop to detecte battery Endof- charge. We present also a simulation of tow loops to verify our design.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"380 1-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120898896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Implementation of Real-time Anomaly Detection System based on YOLOv4","authors":"Doohwan Kim, Yohan Han, Jongpil Jeong","doi":"10.37394/232017.2022.13.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232017.2022.13.17","url":null,"abstract":"To solve the problem of high-wage employment and unemployment that is constantly occurring in industrial sites, we designed a real-time anomaly detection system based on YOLOv4 to automate the detection of defective products at actual manufacturing sites. This contributes to reducing labor costs and increasing work efficiency in the field. It also contributes to manufacturing data collection and smart factory system construction by utilizing the established system.","PeriodicalId":202814,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122689088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}