Polish Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Primary and Secondary Bile Acids on Clostridioides Difficile Infection","authors":"A. Łukawska, A. Mulak","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2022-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Primary bile acids (BAs), synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, after their secretion with bile into the intestinal lumen, are transformed by gut microbiota to secondary BAs. As natural detergents, BAs play a key role in the digestion and absorption of lipids and liposoluble vitamins. However, they have also been recognized as important signaling molecules involved in numerous metabolic processes. The close bidirectional interactions between BAs and gut microbiota occur since BAs influence microbiota composition, whereas microbiota determines BA metabolism. In particular, it is well established that BAs modulate Clostridioides difficile life cycle in vivo. C. difficile is a cause of common nosocomial infections that have become a growing concern. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of BAs on the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of C. difficile infection.","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42238349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter Pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus Co-Infection in Polish Patients with Gastric Cancer – a Pilot Study","authors":"M. Dzikowiec, Przemysław Lik, J. Kiszałkiewicz, A. Kuczyńska, Marek Mordalski, D. Nejc, J. Piekarski, E. Brzeziańska-Lasota, D. Pastuszak-Lewandoska","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2022-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The infectious agents may be the etiological factor of up to 15–20% of cancers. In stomach cancer, attention is paid to Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus, both of which cause gastritis and can lead to tumor development. In co-infection, the inflammatory process is much more intense. We assessed the seroprevalence towards H. pylori and EBV in 32 patients with diagnosed gastric cancer. H. pylori antibodies were found in 69% patients, and anti-EBV – in all of them. The study confirmed that co-infection of H. pylori and EBV seems to be important in etiopathology of gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42013649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection By Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Novel Metallo-β-Lactamase Produced By Wautersiella Falsenii Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Tunisia","authors":"Raouaa Maaroufi, Olfa Dziri, L. Hadjadj, S. Diene, J. Rolain, C. Chouchani","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2022-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wautersiella falsenii is a rarely non-fermenting Gram-negative bacterium and belongs to the Flavobacteriaceae family. This nosocomial pathogen can cause several human infections, especially among immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe the whole genome sequence of a clinical W. falsenii strain isolated from a urine sample of a 35-year-old woman with a urinary tract infection in Tunisia. We investigated its phenotype and genotype. After bacterial identification by the MALDI-TOF method, the whole-genome sequencing of this strain was performed. This isolate was not susceptible to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. However, it remains susceptible to imipenem (MIC = 0.25 mg/l), ertapenem (MIC = 0.75 mg/l), and meropenem (MIC = 0.19 mg/l). Interestingly, the E-TEST® (MP/MPI) showed a reduced MIC of meropenem +/− EDTA (0.064 μg/ml). Besides, the color change from yellow to red in the β CARBA test only after 24 hours of incubation can be interpreted in two ways. On the one hand, as a likely low expression of the gene encoding metallo-β-lactamase. On the other hand, and more likely, it may be a false-positive result because, according to the test manufacturer's recommendations, the test should be read after 30 minutes. Perhaps, therefore, this gene is not expressed in the tested strain. Moreover, the whole-genome sequence analysis demonstrated the presence of a novel chromosomally located subclass B1 metallo-β-lactamase EBR-like enzyme, sharing 94.92% amino acid identity with a previously described carbapenemase produced by Empedobacter brevis, EBR-1. The results also showed the detection of other antibiotic resistance genes and the absence of plasmids. So far, this study is the first report on the detection of W. falsenii in Tunisia. These findings prove that W. falsenii could be a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes, e.g., β-lactamases. Collaborative efforts and effective hygiene measures should be established to prevent the emergence of this species in our health care settings.","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49597620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginal Secretion Epithelium Count As a Prognostic Indicator of High Abundance of Ureaplasmas in Women with a Normal Nugent Score","authors":"M. Biernat-Sudolska, Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia, Paulina Gajda","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2022-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Genital tract ureaplasma infections are associated with numerous complications, ranging from inflammation, through infertility, to problematic pregnancy. In the course of ureaplasma infection, the risk of human papillomavirus infection increases. Diagnostic tests for urea-plasma infections are not always carried out, especially in women with the normal Nugent test results. The study attempts to check whether it is possible to find a prognostic indicator that could suggest a high abundance of ureaplasmas (≥ 104 CFU/ml) at the stage of the initial examination of vaginal discharge. Such a prognostic factor could qualify women for further tests to detect infections with these atypical bacteria. Six hundred twenty-seven white women with a score of 0–3 on the Nugent scale were tested, including 322 patients with a high abundance of ureaplasmas (≥ 104 CFU/ml) and 305 who tested negative for these bacteria. Ureaplasma infections were detected statistically significant in women who had few or no epithelial cells in the genital swab specimens compared to the results obtained for women with numerous or very numerous epithelial cells (p < 0.001). The risk of the high density of ureaplasmas was 38.7% higher with fewer or no epithelial cells than with high numbers. In patients aged 18–40 years with few or no epithelial cells, a high density of ureaplasmas (≥ 104 CFU/ml) was observed significantly more frequently (p = 0.003). Determining the number of epithelial cells in Gram-stained slides may be the prognostic indicator of ureaplasma infection. Testing for genital ureaplasma infection should be considered, especially in women of childbearing age (18–40 years), even if the Nugent test value is normal and pH ≤ 4.6.","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43840786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relation Between Host TLR9 -1486T/C, Rs187084 Gene Polymorphisms and Helicobacter Pylori CagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA Virulence Genes Among Gastric Cancer Patients","authors":"A. Sultan, R. Shenouda, A. Sultan, A. Shehta, Y. Nabiel","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2022-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To identify the associations between different genotypes of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) with gastric cancer patients and reveal their relation to Helicobacter pylori virulence genes (cagA, sodB, hsp60 and vacA). Patients with gastric cancer were recruited to our study, diagnosed both endoscopically and histopathologically. H. pylori were isolated from gastric samples by culture and PCR amplification of the glmM gene. Virulence genes cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA were detected by multiplex PCR. Blood samples were used for genotyping of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) by PCR-RFLP. Out of 132 patients with gastric cancer, 106 (80.3%) were positive for H. pylori. A similar number of healthy participants was recruited as controls. The prevalence of cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA genes among H. pylori was 90.6%, 70.8%, 83.0%, and 95.3%, respectively. The vacA gene alleles had a prevalence of 95.3% for vacAs1/s2, 52.8% for vacAm1, and 42.5% for vacAm2. The CC genotype of TLR9 -1486T/C had a significantly higher frequency in gastric cancer patients when compared to healthy participants (p = 0.045). Furthermore, the CC genotype demonstrated a significant association with H. pylori strains carrying sodB, hsp60, and vacAm1 virulence genes (p = 0.021, p = 0.049, and p = 0.048 respectively). Patients with CC genotype of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) might be at higher risk for the development of gastric cancer, and its co-existence with H. pylori strains carrying sodB, hsp60, or vacAm1 virulence genes might have a synergistic effect in the development of gastric cancer. Further studies on a wider scale are recommended.","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44572782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Polymorphisms of Pneumocystis Jirovecii in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Patients in Northern China","authors":"Ting Xue, W. Du, W. Dai, Yi-Shan Li, Shufang Wang, Jun-ling Wang, Xin-Ri Zhang","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2022-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus that can cause severe and potentially fatal Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunodeficient patients. In this study, we investigated the genetic polymorphisms of P. jirovecii at eight different loci, including six nuclear genes (ITS, 26S rRNA, sod, dhps, dhfr and β-Tub) and two mitochondrial genes (mtLSU-rRNA and cyb) in three PCP cases, including two patients with HIV infection and one without HIV infection in Shanxi Province, P.R. China. The gene targets were amplified by PCR followed by sequencing of plasmid clones. The HIV-negative patient showed a coinfection with two genotypes of P. jirovecii at six of the eight loci sequenced. Of the two HIV-positive patients, one showed a coinfection with two genotypes of P. jirovecii at the same two of the six loci as in the HIV-negative patient, while the other showed a single infection at all eight loci sequenced. None of the three drug target genes (dhfr, dhps and cyb) showed mutations known to be potentially associated with drug resistance. This is the first report of genetic polymorphisms of P. jirovecii in PCP patients in Shanxi Province, China. Our findings expand our understanding of the genetic diversity of P. jirovecii in China.","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42044627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should Bacteriophages Be Classified As Parasites Or Predators?","authors":"G. Węgrzyn","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2022-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacteria and propagating in bacterial cells. They were discovered over 100 years ago, and for decades they played crucial roles as models in genetics and molecular biology and as tools in genetic engineering and biotechnology. Now we also recognize their huge role in natural environment and their importance in human health and disease. Despite our understanding of bacteriophage mechanisms of development, these viruses are described as parasites or predators in the literature. From the biological point of view, there are fundamental differences between parasites and predators. Therefore, in this article, I asked whether bacteriophages should be classified as former or latter biological entities. Analysis of the literature and biological definitions led me to conclude that bacteriophages are parasites rather than predators and should be classified and described as such. If even more precise ecological classification is needed, bacteriophages can perhaps be included in the group of parasitoids. It might be the most appropriate formal classification of these viruses, especially if strictly virulent phages are considered, contrary to phages which lysogenize host cells and those which develop according to the permanent infection mode (or chronic cycle, like filamentous phages) revealing features of classical parasites.","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41463765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> Effects of Prebiotics and Synbiotics on <i>Apis cerana</i> Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Mingkui Lv,&nbsp;Qingzhi Lei,&nbsp;Huajuan Yin,&nbsp;Tiannian Hu,&nbsp;Sifan Wang,&nbsp;Kun Dong,&nbsp;Hongbin Pan,&nbsp;Yiqiu Liu,&nbsp;Qiuye Lin,&nbsp;Zhenhui Cao","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2021-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate <i>in vitro</i> effects of the selected prebiotics alone, and in combination with two potential probiotic <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains on the microbial composition of <i>Apis cerana</i> gut microbiota and acid production. Four prebiotics, inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, and isomalto-oligosaccharides were chosen, and glucose served as the carbon source. Supplementation of this four prebiotics increased numbers of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and lactic acid bacteria while decreasing the pH value of <i>in vitro</i> fermentation broth inoculated with <i>A. cerana</i> gut microbiota compared to glucose. Then, two potential probiotics derived from <i>A. cerana</i> gut at different dosages, <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> KM7 and <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> LP4 were added with isomalto-oligosaccharides in fermentation broth inoculated with <i>A. cerana</i> gut microbiota, respectively. The most pronounced impact was observed with isomalto-oligosaccharides. Compared to isomalto-oligosaccharides alone, the combination of isomalto-oligosaccharides with both lactobacilli strains induced the growth of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, LAB, and total bacteria and reduced the proliferation of <i>Enterococcus</i> and fungi. Consistent with these results, the altered metabolic activity was observed as lowered pH in <i>in vitro</i> culture of gut microbiota supplemented with isomalto-oligosaccharides and lactobacilli strains. The symbiotic impact varied with the types and concentration of <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains and fermentation time. The more effective ability was observed with IMO combined with <i>L. helveticus</i> KM7. These results suggested that isomalto-oligosaccharides could be a potential prebiotic and symbiotic with certain lactobacilli strains on <i>A. cerana</i> gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/70/cf/pjm-70-4-049.PMC8702607.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39775316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological Analysis of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Lung Infection in a Mouse Model.","authors":"Shigeru Tansho-Nagakawa,&nbsp;Yoshinori Sato,&nbsp;Tsuneyuki Ubagai,&nbsp;Takane Kikuchi-Ueda,&nbsp;G O Kamoshida,&nbsp;Satoshi Nishida,&nbsp;Yasuo Ono","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2021-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is the main causative pathogen of nosocomial infections that causes severe infections in the lungs. In this study, we analyzed the histopathological characteristics of lung infection with two strains of <i>A. baumannii</i> (ATCC 19606 and the clinical isolate TK1090) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO-1 in C3H/HeN mice to evaluate the virulence of <i>A. baumannii</i>. Survival was evaluated over 14 days. At 1, 2, 5, or 14 days postinfection, mice of C3H/HeN were sacrificed, and histopathological analysis of lung specimens was also performed. Histopathological changes and accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the lungs after infection with <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were analyzed. Following intratracheal inoculation, the lethality of ATCC 19606- and TK1090-infected mice was lower than that of PAO-1-infected mice. However, when mice were inoculated with a sub-lethal dose of <i>A. baumannii</i>, the lung bacterial burden remained in the mice until 14 days post-infection. Additionally, histopathological analysis revealed that macrophages infiltrated the lung foci of ATCC 19606-, TK1090-, and PAO-1-infected mice. Although neutrophils infiltrated the lung foci of ATCC 19606- and TK1090-infected mice, they poorly infiltrated the lung foci of PAO-1-infected mice. Accumulation of these cells in the lung foci of ATCC 19606- and TK1090-infected mice, but not PAO-1-infected mice, was observed for 14 days post-infection. These results suggest that <i>A. baumannii</i> is not completely eliminated despite the infiltration of immune cells in the lungs and that inflammation lasts for prolonged periods in the lungs. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of <i>A. baumannii</i> infection, and novel drugs and vaccines should be developed to prevent <i>A. baumannii</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a2/77/pjm-70-4-044.PMC8702610.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39913667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Genetic Variants of Human Papillomavirus in a Group of Mexican HIV/AIDS Patients and Their Possible Association with Cervical Cancer.","authors":"Felipe Ortiz-Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Lilia Sánchez-Minutti,&nbsp;José F Martínez-Herrera,&nbsp;Indiana D Torres-Escobar,&nbsp;Elias B Pezzat-Said,&nbsp;Luis Márquez-Domínguez,&nbsp;Amado I Grandes-Blanco","doi":"10.33073/pjm-2021-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) cause thousands of deaths worldwide each year. So far, there has been no consensus on whether there is a direct relationship between the incidence of neoplasms and the immunosuppression caused by HIV that could help understand if coinfection increases the likelihood of cervical cancer. The objective of the study was to identify the presence of genetic variants of HPV in a group of HIV-positive women and their possible association with cervical cancer. Cervical samples were taken from HIV-positive patients for cytological analysis to identify the HPV genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The most prevalent L1 capsid protein mutations in the HPV genotype were analyzed <i>in silico</i>. Various types of HPV were identified, both high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR). The most prevalent genotype was HPV51. Analysis of the L1 gene sequences of HPV51 isolates showed nucleotide variations. Of the samples analyzed in Puebla, Mexico, HPV51 had the highest incidence (17.5%, 7/40). Different mutations, which could be used as population markers, were detected in this area, and they have not been reported in the L1 databases for HPV51 in Mexico. Genotypes 6, 14, 86, 87, 89, and 91, not detected or reported in samples from patients with HPV in Mexico, were also identified. Data from the population analyzed suggest no direct relationship between HIV immunosuppression and cervical cancer, regardless of the high- or low-risk HPV genotype. Furthermore, it is possible to develop regional population markers for the detection of HPV based on the mutations that occur in the sequence of nucleotides analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20272,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/1f/pjm-70-4-047.PMC8702602.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39913669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}