Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone最新文献

{"title":"DYNAMICS OF SOIL STRUCTURE PARAMETERS IN LOAMY SOILS OF SLOVAKIA","authors":"V. Šimanský","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V14I1.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V14I1.515","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the structure of loamy soils were carried out in several fields located on loamy calcaric Chernozem, loamy haplic and mollic Fluvisols in the north-west part of the Danube lowland (Slovakia). The aims of the studies were to evaluate: (1) the overall and dynamics of the soil structure parameters with dependence on soil types, and (2) the relationships between soil parameters and soil structure parameters. The results showed that soil structure parameters varied in time and soil types. Overall, the best soil structure according to vulnerability coefficient (Kv), index of aggregate stability (Sw) and crusting index (Ic) was in mollic Fluvisol > haplic Fluvisol > calcaric Chernozem. The results of the dynamics of structural parameters such as: Kv, Sw and Ic were very similar. The most favourable soil structure evaluated according to the percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD) was in mollic Fluvisol > calcaric Chernozem > haplic Fluvisol. When all soils were assessed together, the negative significant correlations were observed between the Kv and contents of soil organic carbon (r = -0.634, P ≤ 0.01, n = 18), hot- (r = -0.732, P ≤ 0.001, n = 18) and cold-water soluble carbon (r = 0.670, P ≤ 0.01, n = 18) as well as C HA :C FA ratio (r = 0.615, P ≤ 0.01, n = 18). The same trend was observed between Ic and soil organic matter (SOM) parameters. Higher stability of SOM positively affected stabilization of macroaggregates (r = 0.520, P ≤ 0.05, n = 18). If all loamy soils were assessed separately, we detected negative significant correlations between Ic and soil organic carbon (calcaric Chernozem: r = -0.998, P ≤ 0.001, n = 6; haplic Fluvisol: r = -0.997, P ≤ 0.001, n = 6; mollic Fluvisol: r = -0.995, P ≤ 0.001, n = 6). In mollic Fluvisol, values of Kv and Ic increased with higher labile carbon contents as well as higher stability of SOM positively affected stabilization of macroaggregates.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123432245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARTICULARITIES OF SOIL FORMING PROCESSES IN STEMNIC (BUDA) BASIN","authors":"Ioan Bojoagă","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V14I1.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V14I1.517","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes the study of pedogenetic processes in Stemnic (Buda) basin in close connection with natural factors (rocks, relief, water, vegetation) to which is added human activity. In order to understand the distribution of the soil types in the study area is analysed the distribution and intensity of the pedogenetic processes. Representative pedogenetic factors have acted at the same time, resulting processes such as bioaccumulation, cambization, salinization and alkalization, gleyzation and stagnogleyzation, carbonation and last but not least shrinking-swelling. Bioaccumulation is omnipresent in the basin, being represented by an Am horizon with humus accumulation in the first 25 cm, on 44% of the carted surface, and an Ao horizon with a reduced content of organic matter. Clay illuviation is specific for luvisols, appearing on 31.8% of the mapped surface, then cambization on 12%, following in decreasing order of the surfaces by alkalization and salinization, gleyzation and stagnogleyzation and with only 2% vertisoils.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127429142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSING SOIL ERODABILITY FACTOR FOR RUSLE2 IN BAHLUIEȚ CATCHMENT, EASTERN ROMANIA","authors":"Cristian Todosi, Mihai Niculiță","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V14I1.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V14I1.520","url":null,"abstract":"In Romania, there is a lack of methodology for soil erosion estimation, in the sense that although a soil loss estimation equation similar with USLE is used, the factor estimation is not comprehensively covered. That is why we have turned to RUSLE2 methodology to compute soil erodability factor (K) for Bahluieț catchment (Eastern Romania). We have used a soil profile and soil unit legacy database for estimating K values from granulometry sand, silt and clay values. We tested the two equations proposed by the RUSLE2 methodology, but we have chosen to use the values from only one of them, because for the other the estimated value were incomprehensibly high. For comparison, we have used also an estimation made by the EUROSOIL JRC and based on the same equation for which the estimation failed. The majority of the soils from the study area are from the clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam and loamy texture classes. The mean K factor value is 0.0181, corresponding to soils with low erodability. The K values stretch from 0.01 to 0.03, the majority of the soils in the study area having K values in the range between 0.01 and 0.022. We observed a spatial pattern in K values distribution which is explained by the lithology of the study area, the central, southern and eastern areas having bigger soil erodability, because of the loamy texture, while western areas have a sandy loam texture, which give lower soil erodability values. Our result is lower than the estimation of EUROSOIL JRC modelling, which for our study area has a mean of 0.043, and the majority of values falling in the 0.026-0.054 range. Our opinion is that these values are too big, since the texture of the soils is clayey to sandy loam. This conclusion seems to be sustained also by the soil erosion values and sediment yields obtained using our estimated K values, which are consistent with the soil losses and sediment yields reported in the study area, conclusion which cannot be drawn for the estimation of EUROSOIL JRC data (which will give overestimated soil erosion and sediment yield values).","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123746036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATIC DROUGHT OF THE SOILS FROM THE ROMANIAN PLAIN","authors":"A. Stănilă, M. Toti, M. Mușat","doi":"10.15551/fppzt.v13i1.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/fppzt.v13i1.513","url":null,"abstract":"Given the climate, soil and geographic conditions, approximately one third of our\u0000 country area is affected by drought, which translates into a very low bioproductivity and a decrease in the\u0000 capability of using the land under sustainable exploitation of soil resources. In this way are induced some\u0000 restrictions regarding land use in territorial economy. The phenomenon is affecting large areas and periods\u0000 in most of the Romanian Plain.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133945303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LAND USE TENDENCIES IN THE DEPRESSION BASIN OF MOLDOVA BETWEEN SADOVA AND PRISACA DORNEI","authors":"T. M. Piticar, E. Rusu","doi":"10.15551/fppzt.v13i1.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/fppzt.v13i1.514","url":null,"abstract":"The statistical data in 2000 and 2010 reveal some recent tendencies on land use in the study area.\u0000 In the last twenty years there has been a progressive reduction of areas with agricultural use, for areas under forests and\u0000 land occupied by buildings. In most of the cases, this decrease was recorded on the background of the diminution the areas\u0000 occupied by grasslands and meadows, doubled by the increase of non-agricultural areas, by increasing the area covered by\u0000 forest (mostly by natural reforestation), coupled with the expansion of the built-up area, the ways of communication and \u0000 unproductive lands. Other features have been the higher increase of the built area (Câmpulung Moldovenesc town), the transformation\u0000 of the unproductive areas and a little bit less of the forests in grazing area, the local reduction of the forest area by\u0000 windfalls and irrational exploitation. The statistical data show more substantial changes in the grasslands (whatever category of use),\u0000 whose area recorded substantial decreases (over 200 ha).","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122593250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ACID ROCK FROM CĂLIMANI MOUNTAINS ON MAKING UP A NUTRITIVE SUPPORT FOR PLANTS, BASED ON RED MUD","authors":"R. Lăcătuşu, V. Stroe, T. Marușca, N. Rizea, M. Lungu, Mihaela Monica Stanciu-Burileanu, R. Lazăr","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V12I2.494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V12I2.494","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of an experiment carried out in controlled conditions, regarding triticale plants growth on a nutritive layer consisting of a mixture of red mud, acid rock and compost, in different proportions. The analytical results highlighted the strongly alkaline reaction of the layer, high organic carbon, mobile phosphorus and potassium contents and low nitrogen contents. The layer has a high salinity and sodium salts are predominant. The total microelements and heavy metals contents are generally acceptable. The triticale plants grew in these conditions up to 10-15 cm height, when the experiment was stopped. The plants accumulated normal nitrogen, calcium and magnesium quantities, low potassium ones, high phosphorus and very high sodium contents. The metallic microelements (copper, iron, manganese, zinc) accumulated at relatively normal levels, but the heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, lead) concentrated up to values several tens of times higher than the normal contents.\u0000Introducing the obtained vegetal mass in the nutritive layer will contribute to enhancing its fertility for the next vegetation cycles.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127845767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVOLUTION OF SOIL CHEMICAL VARIABLES IN AN ORGANIC CELERY CROP DURING THE CONVERSION PERIOD TO ORGANIC FARMING","authors":"A. Sánchez-Navarro, M. A. Blanco-Bernardeau, M. C. Salas-Sanjuán, J. Sánchez-Romero","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V12I1.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V12I1.478","url":null,"abstract":"For this study two fertilisation assays were carried out in an experimental field. The first assay (F1) used a sheep manure amendment, following the stipulations of European regulations concerning organic agriculture practices, and the second assay (F2) followed conventional agricultural practices of the area using inorganic fertilizers (313; 37 and 566 kgha-1 of N, P and K, respectively). Over a three-year period, samples of the arable soil layer were taken monthly in order to analyse the soil properties as indicators of soil quality (organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, C:N ratio, Olsen P, electrical conductivity, pH in water and 1M KCl, cation exchangeable capacity, and exchangeable bases (Mg, K and Na).\u0000The experimental plot managed using organic agriculture techniques showed significantly better conditions for crop development than the conventionally managed plot: higher quantities of organic matter (22.4 and 17.4 gkg-1, respectively) and nitrogen ( 3.0 and 2.5 gkg-1, respectively), a higher cation exchange capacity(14.4 and 12.2 cmol(+)kg-1, respectively) and greater availability of phosphorus ( 45.4 and 27.1 mgkg-1). No significant differences were observed as regards pH (8.0 in both plots) or the C/N ratio (7.7 and 7.1, respectively). Despite the short trial period of only three years, these results suggest that the agronomic model based on organic agriculture has a beneficial effect on soil properties and contributes to the function of soil as C sink.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134105139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering properties of vertisols.","authors":"G. Rogobete, A. Grozav, D. Țărău, R. Bertici","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V12I1.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V12I1.482","url":null,"abstract":"Vertisols are deep clayey soils, with more than 45% clay, dominated by clay minerals such as smectites, which expand upon wetting and shrink upon drying. The most important physical characteristics of Vertisols are a low hydraulic conductivity and stickiness when wet and high flow of water through the cracks when dry. They become very hard when dry and in all the time are difficult to work. During the rainy season, the cracks disappear and the soil becomes sticky and plastic with a very slippery surface which makes Vertisols hardly trafficable when wet. Water movement in soil that change volume with water content is not well understood and the management of swelling soil remains problematic. Swelling or shrinking result in vertical displacement of the wet soil, which involves gravitational work and contributes to an overburden component to the total potential of the soil water. Many swelling soils crack and the network of cracks provides pathways for rapid flow of water, which prejudice application of theory based on Darcian flow. One – dimensional flow of water in a swelling system requires material balance equation for both the aqueous and solid phases. The analytical data offers some values of particle – size distribution, compression, swelling degree and pressure, plasticity index, elastic modulus, triaxial shear, angle of shear and load carrying capacity in order to realize a foundation study for some constructions. ©2012 Author(s) CC Attribution 3.0 Unsuported License.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126693710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOIL SURVEY AND MAPPING USING QGIS IN THE SPECIFIC METHODOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF ROMANIA","authors":"R. Bogdan, P. Radu, N. Mihai, N. Iuliana","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V12I1.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V12I1.483","url":null,"abstract":"Researches have been carried out with medicinal herbs in the frame of a National project financed by CNCSIS through the Partnership Program. Ecologic and conventional technologies were applied. The project aimed to implement a standardization system of the vegetal raw materials which can be used in the cosmetic industry. Sage, basilicum, and savory were subject of the experiments, at Jucu, Cluj County, Ungureni – Butimanu, Dâmboviţa County, and Secuieni, Neamţ County. The dominant soils in these areas are Fluvisols and Haplic Chernozems in the Jucu area, Chromic Luvisol in the Ungureni – Butimanu area, and Calcic Chernozem in the Secuieni area. The agrochemical analysis of the soils from the experimental fields highlighted soil fertility properties conservation both under ecologic and conventional growing technologies.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130031960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND RATES OF SOME ORGANIC MANURE ON CONTENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN DIFFERENT SOILS AND PLANTS GROWN THEREIN: I. EFFECT ON SPINACH PLANTS","authors":"H. Kandil, M. I. El-Kherbawy, S. A. Ibrahim, A. Abd-Elfattah, M. A. El-Moez, S. Badawy","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V11I1.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V11I1.464","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted to study the influence of different sources and rates of some organic manure on growth and heavy metals concentration in spinach plants grown on two different soils. \u0000The important results could be summarized in the following:\u0000Results show that values of dry weight (DW) of roots, shoots and total plant of corn grown on Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils significantly increased by using all the organic manure sources (sewage sludge(SS), banana and cotton composts (BC and CC) and rates (11, 22, and 44 t/fed)) as compared with control treatment. There is no significant effect between all the used organic manures (SS, BC, and CC) on dry weight production of roots, shoots and total plant of corn grown on Abou-Rawash sandy soil, but in El-Nobaria sandy calcareous soil, the SS and BC treatments significantly increased dry weight of roots, shoots and total plant of corn in comparison with those obtained by using CC treatment. Furthermore, there is no any significant effect between sewage sludge (SS) and (BC) on the production of the dry weight of different organs of corn plant grown on El-Nobaria soil. Dry weight of corn plants grown on both soils significantly increased by increasing the application rate from all the used organic manures up to 44 t/fed. The highest DW of corn plants grown on both soils were obtained by using BC and rate of 44 t/fed, while the lowest values were attained by using CC and rate of 11 t/fed.\u0000All the organic manures (SS, BC and CC) led to more significantly increases in the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in both roots and shoots of corn plants grown on both soils as compared with control. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in corn plants grown on Abou-Rawash significantly increased when BC was applied as compared with CC. Moreover, there is no clear difference could be found between BC and CC used in sandy calcareous soil of El-Nobaria, and the concentration of all the heavy metals in corn plants followed the order of SS > BC > CC in decreasing order. All the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in corn plants grown on both soils were within the normal range of heavy metals in plants and did not reach phytotoxic studies in the literature. \u0000Application of organic manures (SS, BC and CC) resulted in significantly increases of the extractable DTPA and the total metals of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in both used soils after corn plantation as compared with untreated control. Application of SS significantly increased both extractable and total heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni) in Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils after plantation of corn as compared with CC and BC. Also, the addition of banana compost to Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils significantly increased the extractable as well as the total heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni) after corn plantation when compared with addition of cotton compost.\u0000Generally, the highest values of extractable and total heavy metals in the two tested soi","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128630053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}