Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone最新文献

{"title":"ISOLATION OF NEW PROBIOTIC MICROORGANISMS FROM SOIL AND SCREENING FOR THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY","authors":"G. Matei, S. Matei, V. Mocanu","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V1I15.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V1I15.524","url":null,"abstract":"Soil represents an extraordinary rich source of microorganisms responsible for its most important functions in terrestrial ecosystems. An important property certain of these microorganisms confer to soil is the suppressiveness, the property of soils to inhibit the development of pathogenic agents. Recent research focused on soil beneficial microbial strains reported the favourable effect of probiotic consortia of fungi, actinomycetes and other various bacteria, when applied, on increasing soil suppressiveness against soil-borne plant pathogens, plant resistance and growth improvement. The present paper presents the results of research with the aim to isolate new strains of soil microorganisms and to screen them for the capacity to inhibit or limit the development of fungal soil-borne pathogens from genera Fusarium and Phytophtora, previously isolated from soils under anthropic influence. Four fungal strains and one actinomycete have been isolated in pure culture by plating on PDA culture medium soil dilutions from two suppressive soils from Tulcea region, nearby Enisala and Visterna. The strains taxonomically identified as belonging to species Trichoderma viride (strains D4, CD2 and CF2), Verticillium tenerum (strain V1) and actinomycetal strain CG4A have been screened for their antifungal activity by dual culture method. All Trichoderma viride strains presented growth inhibition percent over 50% for Fusarium and Phytophtora pathogens. The other strains were less active in pathogen inhibition. The paper presents micrographs obtained by optical microscopy to reveal the aspects of antagonism zone between the strains and the mechanisms of biochemical interactions or the hiperparasitism evidenced during the research.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"12 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114045410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAUZELE DEGRADĂRII TERENURILOR ÎN VRANCEA. MĂSURI SILVICE DE AMELIORARE A TERENURILOR DEGRADATE","authors":"Cristinel Constandache, Lucian Dincă, Sanda Nistor, Vlad-Emil Crișan","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V1I15.529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V1I15.529","url":null,"abstract":"In lucrarea de faţă sunt prezentate principalele cauze care au dus la degradarea terenurilor in timp si măsurile silvice de ameliorare si valorificare a acestor terenuri, cu referire specială la zona Vrancei. Reducerea suprafeţei pădurilor la inceputul sec. XX, in condiţiile naturale specifice zonei, dintre care: constituţia litologică foarte variată, predominant alternanţe de marne si gresii, structura cutată a stratelor sedimentare, fragmentarea accentuată a reliefului si energia ridicată a acestuia, au condus la degradarea unor importante suprafeţe de teren si torenţializarea reţelei hidrografice, in zona Vrancei - zonă tipic forestieră in trecut, unde pădurea dispunea de condiţii favorabile de vegetaţie. In zonele puternic afectate de degradare, terenurile au devenit neproductive sau slab productive, determinând grave dezechilibre economico – sociale si imprimând peisajului aspect de semidesert. Problema restaurării Vrancei a preocupat incă din 1913, când profesorul Simion Mehedinţi a adus in discuţia Camerei Deputaţilor chestiunea despăduririlor din Vrancea, ajungându-se la „soluţia impăduririi locurilor degradate, care cere multă inimă, inţelegere, muncă, bani si timp”. Mai târziu s-a constatat că problema este mult mai complexă, rezolvarea ei fiind condiţionată atât de fondurile bănesti, cât mai ales de aplicarea unor tehnologii corespunzătoare. După anii ´50 au fost experimentate si aplicate tehnologii de consolidare si de impădurire a terenurilor degradate si de reimpădurire a zonei montane, astfel incât rezultatele obţinute sunt foarte bune si reprezintă fundamente stiinţifice pentru măsurile de reconstrucţie ecologică viitoare.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121906734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELEMENTS OF EVOLUTION OF THE BIO-ENERGETIC STATUS OF THE CHERNOZEMS IN SPACE BETWEEN THE PRUT AND NISTRU RIVERS IN ANTHRO-PEDO-GENESIS CONDITIONS","authors":"G. Jigau, Elena Cernolev, O. Tabără, Ana-Maria Barsan, V. Botnaru","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V1I15.526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V1I15.526","url":null,"abstract":"The anthropedogenesis of chernozems involves a complex of processes of degradation evolution of their bio-energetic resources. In the anthropized evolution of the bio-energetic resources of chernozems increases the share of the mineralization processes associated with the reduction their consumption efficiency in pedogenesis. This development occurs in stages with transfers energy and structural-functional conditions. By knowing the stages of anthropized staggered evolution of the chernozems, it provides conceptual and methodological support of assurance of their bioenergetical resources sustainability.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122309182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF EXOMETABOLITES BIOSYNTHESIZED BY SOIL MICROORGANISMS AS THE MAIN SOURCE OF HUMIC PRECURSORS","authors":"S. Matei, G. Matei, A. Anghel","doi":"10.15551/fppzt.v1i15.523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/fppzt.v1i15.523","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of humus enhances and stimulates the growth of micro- and macro-level biodiversity of flora and fauna. It also appears consisting of organic residues and by-products which contain microbial type bio-synthesized substances as prehumic substances. Prehumic compounds are made up of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids, DNA, etc. Their importance appears well highlighted while the balance between formation and microbial decomposition of humus is disrupted, their concentration being strongly influenced by the dynamics of soil processes mediated by microorganisms. To assess exometabolites of the edaphic microflora, as the main source of biosynthetic precursors of humus, 66 microorganisms were initially isolated to set up a base wide enough for analysis and selection. Microorganisms belonging to 11 genera have been identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical tests. Strains producing colouring exometabolites were selected and isolated on PDA and Topping media (yellow, yellow-green by bacterial isolates of genera Streptomyces, Azotobacter and Xanthomonas, or green-orange, red by bacterial isolates of genera Pseudomonas and Streptomyces). Isolates 7 and 5 of Bacillus spp. had the highest content of brown compounds. Indole test performed on bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, and Xanthomonas were positive for the 3 bacterial isolates of Azotobacter (10, 11 and 12). Isolates belonging to the genus Pseudomonas (8 and 9) had nitrate reductase activity, those belonging to the genera Bacillus and Azotobacter had a variable response on this activity, and isolates of genera Streptomyces and Xanthomonas showed no nitrate reductase activity. The highest content of polysaccharide compounds was synthesized by isolates 9 of Pseudomonas sp., 12 of Azotobacter sp. and 5 of Bacillus sp. Polyphenolic compounds were excreted in large quantities by isolates 6 (Bacillus sp.), 8 (Pseudomonas sp.) and 11 (Azotobacter sp).  Among isolates tested, the isolate 9 of Pseudomonas sp. was the most active in biosynthesis of protein compounds. Understanding the complexity of soil microorganisms extracellular matrix will allow better management for humus regeneration, the biologically-mediated nutrient circuit and soil health.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115354736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SOIL TAXONOMY STUDY OF IASI METROPOLITAN AREA","authors":"Viorel Filer, F. Stătescu","doi":"10.15551/fppzt.v1i15.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/fppzt.v1i15.528","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims the classification of three types of soil according to the taxonomic unit depending on changes in vertical corresponding to physical properties of soils in Breazu, Dancu and Tatarasi study areas which composing Iasi Metropolitan Area. Samples were taken from four depths of the study contained in the section of the soil profile with a height of 80 cm (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and 60-80 cm). The physical properties were determined in this study: the soil density, soil bulk density, the soil porosity and the soil texture.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121424197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONTRIBUTIONS FOR DESIGNING A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGIC RESEARCH AGENDA ON SOIL, LAND-USE AND LAND MANAGEMENT","authors":"S. Ştefănescu, M. Dumitru, M. Dumitrașcu, A. Vrînceanu","doi":"10.15551/fppzt.v1i15.522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/fppzt.v1i15.522","url":null,"abstract":"An EU HORIZON 2020 project including partners from 17 Member States is currently seeking to establish and promote the adoption of a strategic research agenda for land use, land-use changes and soil management in the light of current and future societal challenges. The paper presents part of the outcomes of a National Workshop held within the frame of the project in Romania, the results of a questionnaire and interviews based study held with the Romanian key stakeholders and a desk exercise performed by the project National Focal Point established in Romania. The three areas of issues discussed during the National Workshop were connected with the main (“top three”) societal challenges and options, as perceived by the respondents to the questionnaire. Finally, three related important topics/research needs were selected, prioritized and accordingly submitted for the Project Consolidated Report. The Romanian topics relate with the need for more practical tools for farmers regarding soil and water management environmentally oriented practices, organic farming and the need to maintain and improve soil fertility under the increased demand of higher yields and increased rates of nutrients export. The Romanian key stakeholders emphasized the importance of issuing an EU Soil Directive to back a comprehensive research agenda on soil-sediment-water system.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121292731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION OF MICROBIOTA FROM TWO HISTORICAL SITES FROM IASSY","authors":"G. Matei, S. Matei","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V1I15.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V1I15.525","url":null,"abstract":"There are few scientific literatures dedicated to the study of taxonomic composition of microbial communities in soils from archaeological sites or walls surface of historical monuments, especially in our country. In the paper are presented the results of a study on taxonomic composition of soil microbiota nearby the Trei Ierarhi Church and the Orthodox Cathedral from Iassy, as well as of microbiota on the walls of the Cathedral. Soil dilutions plated on PDA and Topping culture media revealed after incubation low to moderate numbers of bacteria and fungi, similar for both sites but less biodiversity was recorded in soil near the Cathedral. The bacterial communities were dominated by representatives of genus Bacillus accompanied by pseudomonads and various actinomycetes at Trei Ierarhi and mainly by bacillaceae at Orthodox Cathedral. Various ubiquitorious species belonging to genera Aspergillus (including Aspergillus fumigatus), Penicillium and Fusarium were identified in both soils. Analysis by optic microscopy of slides from soils and Cathedral walls revealed the presence of numerous species of algae from Chlorophyta, Xantophyta (in soils) and also from Cyanophyta, Phaeophyta and Bacillariophyta (on wall surface). Among Protozoa, species belonging to classes Rhizopoda, Ciliata and Flagellata were present in soils from both sites. Ciliates from genera Colpoda, Paramoecium and Spathidium, as well as few non-testacean amoebas from class Rhizopoda represented the protozoa identified on the Cathedral walls.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"523 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132658341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER RETENTION CAPACITY OF SOILS FROM BREAZU AND DANCU AREAS THROUGH SIMULATION AND LABORATORY TECHNIQUES","authors":"Viorel Filer, F. Stătescu","doi":"10.15551/fppzt.v1i15.527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/fppzt.v1i15.527","url":null,"abstract":"This study has suggested to conducting a comparative retention capacity analysis type for two types of soil collected from the Tatarasi study area part of the Iasi Metropolitan Area of - Romania. In achieving this research primarily has focused on determining the suction through by two methods: laboratory method applied using a series of installations composed from three devices with different operation regime (sand box: pF 0 - 1.8, sand / kaolin box: pF 2.0 - 2.7 and the pressure membrane apparatus: pF 3.0 - 4.2) and through simulations conducted by the Soil Parameter Estimator software.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126544089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARTICULARITIES OF THE SOIL COVER IN THE CATCHMENT OF STEMNIC (BUDA)","authors":"P. Chelaru, Ioan Bojoagă","doi":"10.15551/FPPZT.V14I1.521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/FPPZT.V14I1.521","url":null,"abstract":"Stemnic (Buda) river is a right side affluent of Bârlad river, having a surface of the catchment basin of 15662.5 ha. Situated in the central part of the Central Moldavian Plateau, the catchment of the Stemnic is characterized by an oblong form (30.5 km, respectively 8.5 km), having a lithologic homogeneity, but also by a diversity of the upper deposits (eluvia, diluvia, colluvia and proluvia, alluvia). The fields in the catchment of Stemnic have been analyzed from the point of view of the soils’ quality that have been classified into five quality classes. Besides the intrinsic characteristics of the soils, their classification included also the pedo-chemical properties of the lands, geomorphologic or climatic properties of the area. First, second and the third quality classes are predominant in the lower half of the basin, less fragmented, with prolonged cuesta reverses, corresponding to the distribution area of chernosols. The lands that form part of the fourth quality class are distributed, in a great percentage, on the same types of soil, but present greater constrains because of high slopes. The fourth class is made up of lands with severe limitations that reduce the range of agricultural crops or that need special measures in order to protect and ameliorate the soil resources. This class cumulates a percentage of 9%, being characteristic for the area affected by landslides, mainly in the north-west part of the catchment. In the fifth class are included soils with major constrains for agricultural use. From this perspective, in the catchment are dominant the soils in the third quality class (37%), being followed by the second class (26%) and the first class (23%). The main limitative factors for the agricultural production of the lands in the catchment of Stemnic are surface erosion, landslides, humidity excess and the small quantity of nutritive elements.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123556438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QUANTITATIVE METHODS OF PEDOLOGICAL DROUGHT ANALYSIS IN THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF ROMANIA (1961 – 2006)","authors":"Ioana Dicu, I. Stângă, C. Rusu","doi":"10.15551/fppzt.v14i1.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15551/fppzt.v14i1.516","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of desertification and climate changes, under the pressure of a growing need for food all over the world, the increasing frequency and severity of droughts becomes an intensely debated subject by a great number of stakeholders, scientists, planners and decision makers. The aims of this study are to establish a good correlation between the atmospheric and soil pedological within the northeastern part of Romania, by modeling the role of different soil properties on drought propagation. Here, the authors present the results of Standardized Precipitation Index, Palfai Aridity Index and Palmer Drought Severity Index, indices that were computed using data of temperature and precipitation from four meteorological stations, evenly spread within the study area. Significant correlations were found between the above mentioned indices, hence the Palmer Drought Severity Index was modified by replacing the standard soil available water content with the real value obtained from 7 soil profiles (Chernozem, Phaeozem, Luvisol, Preluvisol, Vertisol and Gleysol) situated within the study area. Finally, based on a diagram between the water content and the wilting point the results of the study led to the identification of the most susceptible soil to drought, as an important preliminary step to drought risk management.","PeriodicalId":202276,"journal":{"name":"Soil Forming Factors and Processes from the Temperate Zone","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117046571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}