Plant Cell Reports最新文献

{"title":"Functional characterization of the grape VvCAD15-like gene in enhancing cold tolerance via regulation of lignin biosynthesis.","authors":"Xiaoyan Sun, Han Wang, Fanwei Zeng, Ning Wang, Baozhen Zeng, Jianwei Zhao, Jianxiang Gao, Shixiong Lu, Guoping Liang, Juan Mao, Baihong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03977-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-03977-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, but its role in grapevine cold tolerance is not well understood. Here we identified 23 VvCAD members from the 'Pinot Noir' genome and focused on VvCAD15-like, a Group II member whose expression was induced by cold. Transient overexpression of this gene in grape calli and plantlets increased lignin content, antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POD, SOD), and proline level, while decreased MDA, H₂O₂, and membrane permeability. It also upregulated VvCBF1/3 and VvICE1a. Transcriptome data implied potential links between VvCAD15-like and phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and hormone signaling pathways. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified three transcription factors-VvbHLH112, VvbHLH95, and VvNF-YA7-that could bind and activate the VvCAD15-like promoter under cold treatment. Among them, VvbHLH112 had transcriptional activation activity, and VvbHLH95 was closely related to AtICE1. Together, these data indicate that VvCAD15-like promotes cold tolerance possibly through cell wall reinforcement, ROS scavenging, and CBF pathway activation. This is the first report on VvCAD15-like function in grape cold tolerance, revealing its non-canonical role beyond lignin biosynthesis. It should be noted, however, that these results came from transient expression systems, and stable transgenic lines are needed to confirm its function in whole plants. Our work provides useful gene resources for cold tolerance breeding in grapevines.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The OsRhoGAP2-OsRAC5 complex regulates rice seed germination via modulating aleurone layer development and α-amylase activity.","authors":"Chaowei Fang, Yuanqing Nie, Xin Zhang, Xiaozhu Tian, Siduo Wang, Yiqing Han, Taotao Zhu, Weihong Liang","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03993-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-03993-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Seed germination is a key agronomic trait that underpins seedling establishment in rice. Here, we show that the OsRhoGAP2-OsRAC5 protein complex positively regulates rice seed germination through modulating aleurone layer development and α-amylase activity. This study uncovers the role of Rho-GTPase signaling in controlling cereal seed germination and identifies candidate genes for molecular breeding of rice. The aleurone layer (AL) is a pivotal tissue controlling cereal seed germination, which governs hydrolytic enzyme synthesis and endosperm reserve remobilization in rice. Rho small GTPases and GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) play crucial roles in plant development; however, their specific functions in rice seed germination remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that OsRAC5, a Rho GTPase, acts as a key positive regulator of rice seed germination by controlling AL development. CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-generated loss-of-function rac5 mutants displayed delayed germination, accompanied by a thinner AL and reduced α-amylase activity. Protein-protein interaction assays including Y2H, LCA, and BiFC confirmed that OsRAC5 physically interacts with OsRhoGAP2. Consistently, rhogap2 mutants phenocopied rac5 defects in AL formation, germination performance and α-amylase activity. Collectively, we uncovered that the OsRhoGAP2-OsRAC5 complex orchestrates rice seed germination via coordinating AL development and α-amylase-mediated reserve mobilization. This complex provides valuable gene resources and a mechanistic basis for molecular improvement of seedling establishment in rice breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative genomics resolves rice loci associated with acidic soil-related aluminum, cadmium, and manganese stress responses.","authors":"Sandeep Jaiswal, Anita Kumari, Binay K Singh, Kuldeep Kumar, Saurav Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Simardeep Kaur, Nitish Ranjan Prakash, Pankaj Baiswar, Alka Bharati, Manjeet Talukdar, Sanjay Behera","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03989-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-03989-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Meta-QTL and transcriptomic integration prioritized transport, redox, and hormonal modules, while contrasting genotypes revealed coordinated differences in metal partitioning, cell-wall-associated spectral profiles and gene expression under combined stress. Rice in acidic and metal-affected soils may encounter aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), and manganese (Mn), whose distinct toxicities have partially overlapping effects on ion and redox homeostasis. We combined meta-quantitative trait locus (M-QTL) analysis with 14 public RNA-sequencing datasets and experimental evaluation of contrasting genotypes to identify recurrent regions without assuming a common tolerance mechanism. From 681 QTLs and marker-trait associations across 53 studies, 493 were projected onto a consensus map; 79 M-QTLs were retained, reducing the mean confidence interval from 6.90 to 1.85 cM. Ten intervals contained loci from all three combined metal datasets, indicating positional recurrence across heterogeneous traits. Integration of positional, transcriptomic, and functional evidence across 4702 interval genes prioritized 98 candidate genes spanning membrane transport, glutathione-dependent detoxification, redox regulation, and hormone signaling. M-QTL 10.9 contained a glutathione S-transferase-rich cluster, whereas M-QTL 9.5 included candidates associated with transport and transcriptional regulation. Shahsarang maintained greater root-system integrity than IR64 under several Al-containing treatments, whereas metal accumulation and translocation remained genotype-, metal-, and treatment-dependent. Qualitative FTIR profiles showed genotype- and treatment-associated spectral differences, while RT-qPCR revealed genotype-, tissue-, and treatment-dependent expression of selected candidates. Together, these findings identify recurrent intervals containing complementary, rather than identical, components of rice responses to Al, Cd, and Mn. The intervals and the candidate genes provide focused resources for functional validation and allele mining; breeding utility remains to be established experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant metabolites in nanotechnology: are we missing the link to stress resilience and sustainability?","authors":"Gayatri Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-04003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-04003-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Plant metabolites used in green nanoparticle synthesis are biologically active compounds whose functions may be retained or altered during nanoparticle formation, with important implications for plant stress resilience, plant-environment interactions, and environmental sustainability. Plant-derived metabolites are increasingly used in green nanoparticle synthesis, primarily for their reducing, capping, and stabilising properties. However, their biological functions within plants are rarely considered when evaluating nanoparticle-mediated effects on plant stress responses or environmental sustainability. This comment highlights a key mechanistic gap: whether the biological functions of plant metabolites are retained, modified, or lost following nanoparticle synthesis, and whether subsequent responses arise from nanoparticle properties, metabolite-derived surface chemistry, or their interactions. Recent evidence of physiological and rhizosphere responses to green-synthesised nanoparticles further underscores the need to resolve these relationships. Integrating plant metabolite function, physiology, and plant-environment interactions into nanotechnology research could provide a stronger biological basis for evaluating stress resilience and determining whether plant-derived nanomaterials can genuinely support environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H₂S enhances drought resistance by orchestrating alternative splicing and persulfidation of ETFQO.","authors":"Jiao Zhang, Xin Wang, Xiaofeng Zhang, Liping Zhang, Yanxi Pei, Zhuping Jin","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-04006-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-04006-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Identifies ETFQO as a central target, showing H₂S induces its alternative splicing to generate functionally distinct isoforms that are differentially persulfidated, coordinating stomatal and respiratory responses for drought adaptation. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an important gasotransmitter known to enhance plant stress tolerance, but its specific role in reprogramming energy metabolism under drought remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that electron transfer flavoprotein: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETFQO) functions as a significant target through which H₂S enhances drought tolerance via transcriptional and post-translational regulation. At the transcriptional level, both H₂S and drought stress induce the expression of ETFQO. Transcriptome sequencing further revealed that H₂S modulates alternative splicing (AS) of ETFQO under stress conditions, resulting in the accumulation of three distinct transcripts (ETFQO.1, ETFQO.2, and ETFQO.3). Physiological analyses in Arabidopsis overexpressing these isoforms revealed that OE-ETFQO.3 improved drought tolerance, whereas OE-ETFQO.1 and OE-ETFQO.2 did not confer enhanced tolerance; nevertheless, both OE-ETFQO.1 and OE-ETFQO.3 participated in H₂S-modulated stomatal closure and mitochondrial respiration and exhibited higher responsiveness to H₂S than OE-ETFQO.2. Mechanistically, this functional specificity stems from H₂S-induced persulfidation of ETFQO.1 and ETFQO.3, a modification absent in ETFQO.2. Thus, our findings reveal a coordinated transcriptional and post-translational mechanism by which H₂S regulates energy metabolism and stomatal responses via ETFQO. This model, integrating AS with persulfidation to optimize drought adaptation, advances our understanding of gasotransmitter function in stress responses and suggests new strategies for crop improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary divergence and regulatory landscapes of benzoxazinoid metabolism in monocot crops.","authors":"Su Chen, Yuan Wang, Mengtian Wen, Qianshu Wei, Danqiu Zhang, Feilong Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-04005-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-04005-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout their evolutionary trajectory, plants have orchestrated a sophisticated repertoire of defense mechanisms to counteract pathogenic threats. Central to this chemical arsenal in monocotyledonous lineages is the benzoxazinoid (BX) metabolic pathway, a quintessential secondary metabolic route that dictates plant resilience. While the biosynthetic blueprint of BXs has been extensively mapped in models such as maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), the regulatory logic and evolutionary divergence within rice (Oryza sativa) remain largely enigmatic. This review provides a high-resolution synthesis of the BX landscape, critically contrasting the canonical maize model with the emerging, yet distinct, metabolic signatures observed in rice. We contend that a comparative analysis of BX diversity is fundamental to decrypting metabolic evolution and harnessing its potential for precision crop protection. Furthermore, we evaluate the multifunctional roles of BX compounds-positioning them not merely as direct biocidal toxins, but as pivotal signaling rheostats that modulate plant defense networks and multi-trophic ecological interactions. Collectively, this synthesis establishes a robust theoretical framework for the genetic fortification of crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockout of mitochondrial dicarboxylate carriers AtDIC1 and AtDIC3 affects germination, biomass accumulation, and carbon partitioning in Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Mariana de Lara Campos Arcuri, Pedro Barreto, Andressa Nagatani Marinho, Luís Paulo Benetti Mantoan, Ilara Gabriela Frasson Budzinski, Felipe Girotto Campos, Ivan G Maia","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-04000-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-04000-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>AtDIC1 and AtDIC3 make distinct, partially overlapping contributions to mitochondrial metabolism, influencing germination performance, carbon allocation, and redox balance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier (DIC) is essential for the exchange of dicarboxylic acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although three DIC homologues (AtDIC1-3) are present in Arabidopsis thaliana, the functional roles of AtDIC1 and AtDIC3 remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized atdic1 and atdic3 single and double mutants to elucidate their physiological significance. Loss of either isoform delayed seed germination under both control and abiotic stress conditions. This delay was more pronounced in atdic1, particularly on sucrose-free medium, suggesting a requirement for AtDIC1 in the mobilization of endogenous carbon reserves. During vegetative development, the atdic3 mutant showed reduced primary root elongation under salt and osmotic stress, whereas atdic1 displayed normal or enhanced root growth under salinity, revealing distinct stress-response roles. Notably, all mutant lines exhibited increased shoot biomass compared to the wild type, supported by enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, improved chlorophyll re-oxidation, and a shift in carbon allocation toward starch at the expense of sucrose. Double mutant analysis showed no additive effects, suggesting that these isoforms do not act synergistically. Metabolomic and redox profiling demonstrated that atdic3 disruption specifically decreased the NADH/NAD+ ratio and increased NADPH/NADP+ levels, coupled with amino acid accumulation. Conversely, atdic1 mutants showed more substantial disruptions in sugar and ascorbate metabolism. Although AtDIC2 was upregulated in all mutant backgrounds, it provided only partial functional compensation. Our findings indicate that AtDIC1 and AtDIC3 fulfill distinct yet partially overlapping roles in coordinating mitochondrial metabolism with plant growth and environmental adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome profiling and functional analysis of GmRAMOSA1 as a key regulator of adventitious shoot regeneration in soybean.","authors":"Yuhan Liu, Xinxin Zhang, Hengke Jiang, Dewei Mu, Qingyu Qin, Weiting Wu, Yang Zhou, Yanpeng Zhang, Jun Gu, Hui Yang, Jiaxian He, Yi Huang, Xin Sun, Junbo Du","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03996-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-03996-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>This study identifies GmRAMOSA1 as a key regulator of adventitious shoot regeneration in soybean and uncovers its regulatory network via comparative transcriptome profiling, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of soybean shoot organogenesis. Soybean genetic transformation is strongly constrained by genotype-dependent in vitro regeneration capacity, particularly in adventitious shoot formation. Here, we compared the highly regenerable cultivar Dongnong 50 (DN50) with the low regenerative capacity Sichuan landrace Gongqiudou 5 (GQD5) using a cotyledonary node-based adventitious shoot induction system. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed at multiple stages post-induction. Hormone-related pathways were significantly enriched, and genes involved in auxin and cytokinin signaling exhibited distinct temporal dynamics between DN50 and GQD5. Integration of co-expression network analysis and promoter motif enrichment prioritized GmRAMOSA1 (GmRA1) as a candidate regulator. Overexpression of GmRA1 in the GQD5 background significantly increased adventitious shoot regeneration and was associated with elevated expression of several meristem-identity and hormone-responsive genes. This study highlights a promising molecular target for enhancing soybean regeneration and transformation efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas13-based amplification-free detection of three quarantine-significant sugarcane viruses.","authors":"Joseph Lagner, Anna Paulson, Taylor Schulden, Bishwo Adhikari, Julian Koob, Christopher Vakulskas, Yiping Qi","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03994-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-03994-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crop losses from viral pathogens cost billions of dollars annually, and sugarcane is particularly vulnerable. Sugarcane is the most cultivated crop in the world by volume; therefore, significant yield losses result in large dollar losses for farmers and trade economies. In some cases, viruses contribute to more than half of the yield reduction. Three quarantine-significant pathogens-Sugarcane mosaic virus (ScMV), Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (ScSMV), and Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV)- pose major threats to global sugarcane production because of their rapid spread, asymptomatic infections, and delayed symptom expression. Effective management of these pathogens requires robust, rapid, and accurate detection methods that can distinguish among these viruses, even at low titers. Here, we report the development of an amplification-free CRISPR-Cas13-based assay with a limit of detection (LOD) of ~1.5 pM. The assay allows for simultaneous screening of all three viruses directly from bulk RNA extracts of plant material. Our approach leverages LwaCas13a specificity to detect and differentiate viral targets in a single assay. Compared with conventional multi-step assays, this strategy significantly reduces time and contamination risk. Validation on naturally infected material demonstrated its sensitivity and reliability. This platform provides a powerful tool for early and accurate diagnosis of ScMV, ScSMV, and ScYLV, with strong potential for integration into sugarcane virus surveillance and management programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149063979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative splicing-dependent T218 phosphoregulation controls SR45.1 nuclear organization and salt stress responses in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Mohammed Albaqami","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03999-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-026-03999-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Alternative splicing creates an SR45.1-specifi c phosphoregulatory region in which threonine 218 (T218) contributesto nuclear speckle organization, RNA regulatory responses, and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Alternative splicing expands protein and functional diversity in plants, yet the mechanistic basis by which closely related splice isoforms acquire distinct biological functions remains poorly understood. In our previous work, we showed that AS of the Arabidopsis splicing factor SR45 generates two isoforms with contrasting roles in salt stress response, where SR45.1, but not SR45.2, restores salt tolerance in the sr45 mutant background. The molecular basis underlying this isoform-specific functional divergence remained unclear. Here, we investigated the role of two conserved phosphosites, threonine 218 (T218) and serine 219 (S219), within the unique C-terminal region of SR45.1, a sequence absent from SR45.2. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate phospho-disruptive SR45.1 variants, which were then expressed in the sr45 mutant background. Functional analyses revealed that substitution of T218, but not S219, abolished the salt-tolerance function of SR45.1. Mechanistically, disruption of T218 altered SR45.1 nuclear speckle organization, resulting in fewer enlarged nuclear speckles compared with the numerous small speckles observed in functional lines. T218 disruption was further associated with altered AS of stress-related targets, including SOS4 and RD20, as well as reduced transcript accumulation of salt-responsive genes, including RD29A, RD29B, ADH1, and DREB2A. Together, our findings identify T218 phosphoregulation as a critical determinant of SR45.1 function, linking AS-generated isoform diversity to post-translational regulation, nuclear organization, and plant salt stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}