PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Promoting language and literacy through shared book reading in the NICU: A scoping review.","authors":"Lama K Farran, Sharon L Leslie, Susan N Brasher","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0318690","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0318690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at a heightened risk for language and literacy delays and disorders. Despite the well-established empirical support for early shared reading, the available evidence to date has been scant, revealing mixed results. This study sought to characterize current research on shared reading in the NICU using a scoping review methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were peer-reviewed, written in the English language, focused on human infants in the NICU, and published between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2023. No population age range was applied, and quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods designs were considered. Database searches yielded 338 articles with only eight articles meeting eligibility criteria for inclusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In spite of a modest number of studies on this topic, utilizing limited methodologies, the evidence from this scoping review shows the benefits of shared reading for infants and their caregivers during their NICU stay. Expanding such efforts by embedding shared reading as part of standard practice is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0318690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dealing with radiation risks in systemic cancer treatment: Perspectives of practitioners and patients in French hospitals.","authors":"Solenn Thircuir, Héloïse Pillayre, Johannes Starkbaum, Erich Griessler","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316998","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic radionuclide therapy (SRT) using substances such as 177Lu is an approach in cancer treatment that aims to destroy malign tissues by injecting radionuclides directly into patients' bodies via the bloodstream. This treatment connects benefits of care with risks related to radioactivity. Our research conducted in French hospitals shows that managing risk is an integral part of SRT, spanning from implementation, hospitals' protocols, specific management, hospital settings, and training, to the individual experiences of health professionals and patients who are both exposed to radioactivity. This article argues that understanding how risks are managed in SRT not only requires making them identifiable, quantifiable, and calculable through medical devices in the context of evidence-based medicine, but also necessitates fostering trust throughout the treatment. This article explores and provides insights into three intertwined dimensions of trust in risk management: epistemic, (inter)-organizational, and interpersonal.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0316998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinopenia as a predictor of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Wigdan Farah, Zhen Wang, Ognjen Gajic, Yewande E Odeyemi","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0314336","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0314336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eosinopenia has been reported as a predictor of unfavorable outcomes and a marker of severity in bacterial infections. We describe the association between eosinopenia and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with CAP. We conducted a retrospective study of hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia at a large US academic medical center from January 2009 to December 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, disease severity, comorbidities, smoking history, inflammatory markers, blood eosinophil levels, mortality, length of hospital stay, and need for intensive care unit (ICU) or mechanical ventilation. According to blood eosinophil count, patients were grouped as eosinopenic (<50/μL) and non-eosinopenic (≥50/μL) based on prior studies. Analysis was performed using nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. A logistic regression analysis with robust standard errors was used to assess the associations between eosinopenia and patient centered outcomes (in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, length of hospital stay, need for mechanical ventilation support, vasopressor support and ICU admission). Of the 3285 patients with CAP infection included in our analysis, 1304 (39.70%) were eosinopenic. Age, gender, race, and smoking status were similar between the two groups. The eosinopenic group had significantly higher inflammatory markers as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), and higher disease severity scores., After adjusting for disease severity, chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD), and CRP there was no significant difference in hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-6.8), ICU admission (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.83-1.79), invasive and non-invasive ventilatory support (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.52-2.81). Contrary to previously published data, our analysis did not demonstrate an association between eosinopenia and increased mortality risk in hospitalized patients with CAP highlighting the complexity of CAP prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0314336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The integration of health equity into policy to reduce disparities: Lessons from California during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Ada T Kwan, Jason Vargo, Caroline Kurtz, Mayuri Panditrao, Christopher M Hoover, Tomás M León, David Rocha, William Wheeler, Seema Jain, Erica S Pan, Priya B Shete","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316517","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racial and ethnic minoritized groups and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities experience longstanding health-related disparities in the United States and were disproportionately affected throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. How departments of public health can explicitly address these disparities and their underlying determinants remains less understood. To inform future public health responses, this paper details how California strategically placed health equity at the core of its COVID-19 reopening and response policy, known as the Blueprint for a Safer Economy. In effect from August 2020 to June 2021, \"the Blueprint\" employed the use of the California Healthy Places Index (HPI), a place-based summary measure of 25 determinants of health constructed at the census tract level, to guide activities. Using California's approach, we categorized the state population by HPI quartiles at the state and within-county levels (HPIQ1 representing the least advantaged, HPIQ4, the most advantaged) from HPI data available to demonstrate how the state monitored crude COVID-19 test, case, mortality, and vaccine rates and unadjusted rate ratios (RR) using equity metrics developed for the Blueprint. Notable patterns emerged. Testing disparities disappeared during the summer and winter surges but resurfaced between surges. Monthly case RR peaked in May 2020 for HPIQ1 compared to HPIQ4 (RR 6.61, 95%CI: 6.41-6.81), followed by mortality RR peaking in June 2020 (RR 5.06, 95% CI: 4.34-5.91). As the pandemic wore on, disparities in unadjusted case and mortality RRs between lower HPI quartiles relative to HPIQ4 reduced but remained. Utilizing a place-based index, such as HPI, enabled a data-driven approach that used a determinants of health lens to identify priority communities, allocate resources, and monitor outcomes based on need during a large-scale public health emergency.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0316517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the digital revolution: Catalyzing total factor productivity in agriculture.","authors":"Jing He, Zhuangyu Wei, Xiaokai Lei","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0318333","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0318333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drawing upon panel data spanning the years 2011 to 2022 and encompassing 30 provinces across China, this research employs empirical methodologies, specifically the difference GMM and system GMM methods, to scrutinize the impact of the digital economy on the total factor productivity (TFP) within the agricultural sector. The study reveals a significant augmentation of China's agricultural TFP attributable to the digital economy, a finding robust to various methodological examinations. Notably, the influential role of the digital economy on agricultural TFP is more conspicuous in the central and western regions, as well as in locales characterized by lower productivity levels. Mechanistic analysis underscores that the digital economy exerts a positive influence on agricultural TFP through the stimulation of innovation and marketization effects. Furthermore, strategic recommendations emerge from this study, advocating for the reinforcement of institutional and mechanistic reforms to cultivate an enabling external milieu for the digital economy to propel agricultural TFP. It is posited that regional development strategies should be tailored based on individual resource endowments and the extent of digital economic development. Additionally, there is a call to refine mechanisms promoting high-quality development in agriculture, with an overarching goal of comprehensively elevating agricultural TFP. The implications of this research extend to the imperative need for a nuanced and context-specific approach to advancing agricultural productivity across diverse regions in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0318333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrality nearest-neighbor projected-distance regression (C-NPDR) feature selection for correlation-based predictors with application to resting-state fMRI study of major depressive disorder.","authors":"Elizabeth Kresock, Bryan Dawkins, Henry Luttbeg, Yijie Jamie Li, Rayus Kuplicki, B A McKinney","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0319346","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0319346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nearest-neighbor projected-distance regression (NPDR) is a metric-based machine learning feature selection algorithm that uses distances between samples and projected differences between variables to identify variables or features that may interact to affect the prediction of complex outcomes. Typical tabular bioinformatics data consist of separate variables of interest, such as genes or proteins. In contrast, resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data are composed of time-series for brain regions of interest (ROIs) for each subject, and these within-brain time-series are typically transformed into correlations between pairs of ROIs. These pairs of variables of interest can then be used as inputs for feature selection or other machine learning methods. Straightforward feature selection would return the most significant pairs of ROIs; however, it would also be beneficial to know the importance of individual ROIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We extend NPDR to compute the importance of individual ROIs from correlation-based features. We introduce correlation-difference and centrality-based versions of NPDR. Centrality-based NPDR can be coupled with any centrality method and can be coupled with importance scores other than NPDR, such as random forest importance scores. We develop a new simulation method using random network theory to generate artificial correlation data predictors with variations in correlations that affect class prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We compared feature selection methods based on detection of functional simulated ROIs, and we applied the new centrality NPDR approach to a resting-state fMRI study of major depressive disorder (MDD) participants and healthy controls. We determined that the areas of the brain that have the strongest network effect on MDD include the middle temporal gyrus, the inferior temporal gyrus, and the dorsal entorhinal cortex. The resulting feature selection and simulation approaches can be applied to other domains that use correlation-based features.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0319346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Location estimation of UWB-based wireless capsule endoscopy using TDoA in various gastrointestinal simulation models.","authors":"Sruthi Krishnan, Mohammed Abdel-Hafez, Matti Hämäläinen","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0319167","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0319167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a revolutionary field that aids in treating gastrointestinal disorders. For the development of a futuristic endoscopic capsule, identifying the location of abnormality is challenging yet a crucial step in determining the treatment procedure. Though the present-day wireless capsule endoscopes certified for endoscopic procedures predominantly work on the Medical Implant Communication System (MICS) band, the applications based on the Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) are gaining popularity for their immense possibilities. While received signal strength, time of arrival, phase of arrival, and angle of arrival are the basic parameters applied in research for location estimation of WCE, this paper uses a time difference of arrival (TDoA) approach using the Chan algorithm. To test the effectiveness of the algorithm, a series of UWB propagation experiments are performed utilizing human voxel models to find out the variance in distance error using an advanced electromagnetic simulation environment, which is then applied as the error to the distance estimate of the Chan algorithm, and the performance is analysed using different cases. Positioning receivers in three rows reduces the estimation error by 44%, and positioning the reference receiver in the middle row reduces it by 33%. The algorithm performance is observed for different variances in the distance estimation using different numbers of receivers, and the results are compared to the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The calculated error in thickness from the different sections of abdominal tissues of the individual voxel models is applied to the distance estimates from the corresponding receiver sections prior to the WCE location estimation. The RMSE in WCE location estimation is found for individual voxel models, and the error is observed to reduce approximately from 4 mm to 1 mm, with variations in individual models, when the number of receivers are increased from 9 to 33.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0319167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a new patient navigator model of care within the emergency department for older adults in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Grace Liu, Amanda Knoepfli, Tracey DasGupta, Naomi Ziegler, Emma Elliot, Mahala English, Sander L Hitzig, Sara J T Guilcher","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0315641","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0315641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A Patient Navigator (PN) role was introduced in the Emergency Department (ED) in a large metropolitan hospital in Southern Ontario (Canada) to assist with care transitions. The purpose of this study was to describe the new PN program and type of services provided for older adults in the ED. Given the novelty of the program, it is critical to better understand how a PN ED model of care may help improve the discharge process and ED-community transitions for older adults. This retrospective observational cohort study includes data between November 2020 and October 2021. In this study, the clinical data collected by the PN were analyzed to describe the patient socio-demographics, types of services provided, and outcomes. The PN contacted 95% patients (n = 125) referred to the service in which the median age was 80 (SD = 9.0) consisting of mostly females (74%; n = 92). The PN provided consultations to 79 patients (≤7 days) and 46 patients were admitted to the PN's caseload. For the 46 admitted cases, the PN connected to 52% of the patients on the same day, facilitated 83% of the patients in returning home or supportive setting and provided follow-up care (i.e., phone calls or home visits) for 67 days (median) in the community. This study provides a preliminary depiction of the scope of practice of a PN within an ED setting, and important considerations for decision-makers and/or administrators interested in implementing a PN role in the ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0315641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased galanin-galanin receptor 1 signaling, inflammation, and insulin resistance are associated with affective symptoms and chronic fatigue syndrome due to long COVID.","authors":"Wasim Talib Mahdi Al Masoodi, Sami Waheed Radhi, Habiba Khdair Abdalsada, Mengqi Niu, Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Michael Maes","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316373","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with Long COVID (LC) often experience neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), collectively referred to as the physio-affective phenome of LC. Activated immune-inflammatory pathways and insulin resistance significantly contribute to the physio-affective phenome associated with LC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cohort of 90 individuals, categorized into those with and without LC, we evaluated, 3-6 months following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, the correlations between the Hamilton Depression (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety (HAMA), and Fibro-Fatigue (FF) Rating Scale scores, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), galanin-galanin receptor 1 (GAL-GALR1) signaling, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HAMD, HAMA, FF scores, CRP, PGE2, GAL-GALR1 signaling, insulin resistance, PAI1, NSE, and S100B are all higher in people with LC compared to those without LC. The HAMD/HAMA/FF scores were significantly correlated with PGE, CRP, GAL, GALR1, insulin resistance, and PAI1 levels, and a composite score based on peak body temperature (PBT) - oxygen saturation (SpO2) (PBT/SpO2 index) during the acute infectious phase. A combination of biomarkers explained a large part of the variance in CFS and affective scores (33.6%-42.0%), with GAL-GALR1 signaling, PGE2, and CRP being the top 3 most important biomarkers. The inclusion of the PBT/SpO2 index increased the prediction (55.3%-67.1%). The PBT/SpO2 index predicted the increases in GAL-GALR1 signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that the CFS and affective symptoms that are linked to LC are the consequence of metabolic aberrations, activated immune-inflammatory pathways, and the severity of inflammation during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0316373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of clozapine concentration and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"Sang-In Park, Seoyoung Kim, Kwanwoo Park, Uijeong Yu, Yunjeong Jang, Bo-Hyung Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Euitae Kim","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0319037","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0319037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clozapine has superior efficacy to other antipsychotics, especially in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics vary largely among patients. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and genetic factors associated with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clozapine in patients with schizophrenia. Blood samples for clozapine pharmacokinetic assessment were collected from patients with schizophrenia at weeks 2 (visit 2), 8 (visit 3), and 18 (visit 4) from the initiation of clozapine treatment. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score was assessed at baseline (visit 1) and visits 3 and 4. Linear mixed models were used to identify the clinical and genetic variables associated with the clozapine concentration and total PANSS score. A total of 45 patients were included in the pharmacogenomic analysis. Owing to the small sample size, we categorized concomitant medications into four groups. However, individual drugs may have different effects on clozapine concentration. Clozapine concentration was significantly associated with smoking status and cumulative clozapine dose. Clozapine concentration was significantly associated with five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three genes (rs28371726 and rs202102799 in CYP2D6, rs4148323 and rs34946978 in UGT1A1, and rs2011404 in UGT1A4). Furthermore, follow-up time, body mass index, and total bilirubin levels were significantly associated with the total PANSS scores. The PANSS score was significantly associated with four SNPs in two genes (rs7787082 and rs10248420 in ABCB1 and rs2133251840 and rs762502 in DRD4). This study suggests potential clinical and genetic predictors of clozapine concentration and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine. With further investigations in diverse populations, our findings may provide important information on variables to be considered in individualized clozapine treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 3","pages":"e0319037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}