{"title":"Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: An updated systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.","authors":"Iwan Dakota, Muhamad Fajri Adda'i, Rido Maulana, Ignatius Ivan, Renan Sukmawan, Bambang Widyantoro","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0314886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension (EH) remains controversial. We searched databases (Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE, LILACS, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer) for studies on VDR gene polymorphisms and EH until May 30, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. RevMan 5.4.1 provided pooled odds ratio (OR) under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium based on allele, additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. Meta-regression was performed using Comprehensive Meta Analysis V3. Twenty-two studies from thirteen countries were analyzed. The recessive model suggested lower EH risk in individuals with the recessive allele (bb) of BsmI (OR: 0.81; 95%CI, 0.69 to 0.94, p = 0.007; I2 = 35%, p = 0.13). No significant associations were found for FokI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms. Methodological quality significantly influenced EH risk associated with the FokI polymorphism across allele, additive, and dominant models (All p<0.0005). Male proportion influenced EH risk in the additive model for the FokI polymorphism (p = 0.0235), while age impacted risk in the recessive model (p = 0.0327). FokI polymorphism's influence on EH risk varies by sex, age, and study quality. BsmI polymorphism is independently associated with lower EH risk in recessive homozygotes, with no significant associations found for ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0314886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS ONEPub Date : 2024-12-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315762
Dinh Viet Cuong, Branislava Lalić, Mina Petrić, Nguyen Thanh Binh, Mark Roantree
{"title":"Adapting physics-informed neural networks to improve ODE optimization in mosquito population dynamics.","authors":"Dinh Viet Cuong, Branislava Lalić, Mina Petrić, Nguyen Thanh Binh, Mark Roantree","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0315762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physics informed neural networks have been gaining popularity due to their unique ability to incorporate physics laws into data-driven models, ensuring that the predictions are not only consistent with empirical data but also align with domain-specific knowledge in the form of physics equations. The integration of physics principles enables the method to require less data while maintaining the robustness of deep learning in modelling complex dynamical systems. However, current PINN frameworks are not sufficiently mature for real-world ODE systems, especially those with extreme multi-scale behavior such as mosquito population dynamical modelling. In this research, we propose a PINN framework with several improvements for forward and inverse problems for ODE systems with a case study application in modelling the dynamics of mosquito populations. The framework tackles the gradient imbalance and stiff problems posed by mosquito ordinary differential equations. The method offers a simple but effective way to resolve the time causality issue in PINNs by gradually expanding the training time domain until it covers entire domain of interest. As part of a robust evaluation, we conduct experiments using simulated data to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach. Preliminary results indicate that physics-informed machine learning holds significant potential for advancing the study of ecological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0315762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allelopathic effects of six alfalfa varieties at three stubbles on the germination, seedling and root growth of green foxtail and barnyardgrass.","authors":"Meixuan Li, Xiaohan Gai, Qian Bai, Fanru Xu, Shipu Cheng, Fuhong Miao, Qingwei Liang, Juan Sun, Yufang Xu","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is known to release allelopathic substances to affect the germination and growth of other plants, which have the potential to be applied in controlling weeds. Green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), as malignant weeds worldwide, also pose a serious threat to alfalfa in northern China. In this study, the sensitivity of the two weeds to the extracts from the first, second, and third stubbles of six varieties were investigated to further reveal the allelopathic interference of different varieties of alfalfa on notorious weeds. The germination rate, the length and fresh weight of seedlings, the length and fresh weight of roots were measured to elucidate the allelopathy of alfalfa extracts on the two weeds. The results suggested that: (1) The allelopathy of six alfalfa varieties tested showed obvious intraspecific differences, the inhibition of Zhongmu No.3 on green foxtail and barnyardgrass was weaker than other varieties, with the values of synthetical allelopathic effect (SAE) were -0.55 and -0.29, respectively. (2) The inhibitory effect of alfalfa extracts on green foxtail was enhanced with the increase of stubbles, while the differences between three stubbles on barnyardgrass were not clear, especially between the first and second stubbles. (3) Compared with barnyardgrass (SAE = -0.39 ~ -0.29), green foxtail (SAE = -0.65 ~ -0.52) was generally more susceptible to the extracts. (4) The inhibitory effect of alfalfa extracts on root was stronger than seedling in the same weed. For example, the third stubble extracts of Baoding variety inhibited 88.00% of the roots at the concentration of 0.01 g mL-1, but did not affect the seedlings of green foxtail. The study may help to comprehensively reveal the allelopathic effect of different alfalfa varieties in the first three stubbles on green foxtail and barnyardgrass, providing scientific evidence for weed control based on natural plant extracts in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0316137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS ONEPub Date : 2024-12-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314978
Paolo Gatti, Carolin Nymark, Fredrik Gadler
{"title":"Health-related quality of life in a large cohort of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices A registry-based study.","authors":"Paolo Gatti, Carolin Nymark, Fredrik Gadler","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0314978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The association of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), namely pacemaker (PM), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy with (CRT-D) or without defibrillator (CRT-P) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Data from the Swedish Pacemaker and ICD Registry collected from January 2019 to February 2022 was used to analyze the responses to the European Quality of Life-5 Dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) before and after one year of the CIED implant. Descriptive analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square test, the analysis of variance ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test when appropriate. A multivariable regression analysis was used to compare the EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS variation after 1 year. Of 1,479 who completed the EQ-5D, 80% had a PM, 10% an ICD, 5% a CRT-P and 6% a CRT-D. The median age was 77 years with females constituting 38% of the PM group and 17% of the ICD group. The EQ-VAS and the EQ-5D index significantly increased after one year from the PM and CRT-P implant (EQ-VAS +2.8, standard deviations (SD) 23 and +5.8, SD 24.9; EQ-5D index +0.019, SD 0.114 and +0.051, SD 0.125) while only the EQ-5D index increased after one year from the ICD implant (+0.002, SD 0.104). After adjusting for age, sex and HRQoL at baseline, the presence of defibrillator was associated with lower EQ-VAS (ICD EQ-VAS variation: -3.4, 95% confidence intervals (CI) -6.7; -0.1 and CRT-D EQ-VAS variation -4.8, 95% CI -8.8;-0.7) and EQ-5D index (ICD EQ-5D index variation: -0.018, 95% CI -0.035; -0.0003 and CRT-D EQ-5D index variation -0.025 95% CI 0.046;0.004) after one year compared to PM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings, showing the HRQoL associated with CIED, are important to support physicians' and pacemaker nurses' care after device implantation by embracing the patients' perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0314978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS ONEPub Date : 2024-12-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315853
Emily N Stark, Terece L Turton, Jonah Miller, Elan Barenholtz, Sang Hong, Roxana Bujack
{"title":"Toward the validation of crowdsourced experiments for lightness perception.","authors":"Emily N Stark, Terece L Turton, Jonah Miller, Elan Barenholtz, Sang Hong, Roxana Bujack","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0315853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crowdsource platforms have been used to study a range of perceptual stimuli such as the graphical perception of scatterplots and various aspects of human color perception. Given the lack of control over a crowdsourced participant's experimental setup, there are valid concerns on the use of crowdsourcing for color studies as the perception of the stimuli is highly dependent on the stimulus presentation. Here, we propose that the error due to a crowdsourced experimental design can be effectively averaged out because the crowdsourced experiment can be accommodated by the Thurstonian model as the convolution of two normal distributions, one that is perceptual in nature and one that captures the error due to variability in stimulus presentation. Based on this, we provide a mathematical estimate for the sample size needed to produce a crowdsourced experiment with the same power as the corresponding in-person study. We tested this claim by replicating a large-scale, crowdsourced study of human lightness perception with a diverse sample with a highly controlled, in-person study with a sample taken from psychology undergraduates. Our claim was supported by the replication of the results from the latter. These findings suggest that, with sufficient sample size, color vision studies may be completed online, giving access to a larger and more representative sample. With this framework at hand, experimentalists have the validation that choosing either many online participants or few in person participants will not sacrifice the impact of their results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0315853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS ONEPub Date : 2024-12-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312527
Eric Agyemang, Kwadwo Ofori-Dua, Peter Dwumah, John Boulard Forkuor
{"title":"Towards responsible resource utilization: A review of sustainable vs. unsustainable reuse of wood waste.","authors":"Eric Agyemang, Kwadwo Ofori-Dua, Peter Dwumah, John Boulard Forkuor","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0312527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abundant wood waste is generated globally, but the literature lacks a framework distinguishing sustainable versus unsustainable reuse practices. This gap hinders policy makers and stakeholders from effectively supporting responsible resource utilization. As such, this scoping review aimed to address this gap by evaluating wood waste reuse practices through ecological, financial, and social sustainability lenses. A comprehensive database search yielded 1,150 records, narrowed to 106 included studies through eligibility screening. Data on study details and sustainability factors was extracted without a formal quality appraisal. The protocol ensures a rigorous evidence-mapping approach. The findings revealed that sustainable uses included renewable energy, adsorbents, construction materials, and composting applications. However, toxic preservatives, uncontrolled emissions from burning, intensive harvesting impacts, and contamination risks from uncontrolled mulching perpetuate ecological, social, and financial challenges. Preventing contamination and managing sustainability trade-offs are key priorities. Research innovations, stringent quality control, and supportive policies are imperative to distinguish practices aligned with sustainability principles from those inadvertently causing harm. This review provides a comprehensive framework for making informed decisions to progress wood waste systems toward responsible resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0312527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS ONEPub Date : 2024-12-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315849
Agata Skorupka
{"title":"Detecting anomalies in graph networks on digital markets.","authors":"Agata Skorupka","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0315849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study examines different graph-based methods of detecting anomalous activities on digital markets, proposing the most efficient way to increase market actors' protection and reduce information asymmetry. Anomalies are defined below as both bots and fraudulent users (who can be both bots and real people). Methods are compared against each other, and state-of-the-art results from the literature and a new algorithm is proposed. The goal is to find an efficient method suitable for threat detection, both in terms of predictive performance and computational efficiency. It should scale well and remain robust on the advancements of the newest technologies. The article utilized three publicly accessible graph-based datasets: one describing the Twitter social network (TwiBot-20) and two describing Bitcoin cryptocurrency markets (Bitcoin OTC and Bitcoin Alpha). In the former, an anomaly is defined as a bot, as opposed to a human user, whereas in the latter, an anomaly is a user who conducted a fraudulent transaction, which may (but does not have to) imply being a bot. The study proves that graph-based data is a better-performing predictor than text data. It compares different graph algorithms to extract feature sets for anomaly detection models. It states that methods based on nodes' statistics result in better model performance than state-of-the-art graph embeddings. They also yield a significant improvement in computational efficiency. This often means reducing the time by hours or enabling modeling on significantly larger graphs (usually not feasible in the case of embeddings). On that basis, the article proposes its own graph-based statistics algorithm. Furthermore, using embeddings requires two engineering choices: the type of embedding and its dimension. The research examines whether there are types of graph embeddings and dimensions that perform significantly better than others. The solution turned out to be dataset-specific and needed to be tailored on a case-by-case basis, adding even more engineering overhead to using embeddings (building a leaderboard of grid of embedding instances, where each of them takes hours to be generated). This, again, speaks in favor of the proposed algorithm based on nodes' statistics. The research proposes its own efficient algorithm, which makes this engineering overhead redundant.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0315849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS ONEPub Date : 2024-12-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312763
Mohammad Amin Fraiwan
{"title":"Detection and location of EEG events using deep learning visual inspection.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Fraiwan","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0312763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a major diagnostic tool that provides detailed insight into the electrical activity of the brain. This signal contains a number of distinctive waveform patterns that reflect the subject's health state in relation to sleep, neurological disorders, memory functions, and more. In this regard, sleep spindles and K-complexes are two major waveform patterns of interest to specialists, who visually inspect the recordings to identify these events. The literature typically follows a traditional approach that examines the time-varying signal to identify features representing the events of interest. Even though most of these methods target individual event types, their reported performance results leave significant room for improvement. The research presented here adopts a novel approach to visually inspect the waveform, similar to how specialists work, to develop a single model that can detect and determine the location of both sleep spindles and K-complexes. The model then produces bounding boxes that accurately delineate the location of these events within the image. Several object detection algorithms (i.e., Faster R-CNN, YOLOv4, and YOLOX) and multiple backbone CNN architectures were evaluated under a wide range of conditions, revealing their true representative performance. The results show exceptional precision (>95% mAP@50) in detecting sleep spindles and K-complexes, albeit with less consistency across backbones and thresholds for the latter.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0312763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ATRA-induced NEAT1 upregulation promotes autophagy during APL cell granulocytic differentiation.","authors":"Doudou Tang, Huihui Wang, Yafeng Jiang, Mingjie Chen, Guangsen Zhang, Shangjie Wu, Yewei Wang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0316109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) progresses quickly and often leads to early hemorrhagic death. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes differentiation of APL cells and clinical remission, making APL a potentially curable malignancy. Understanding how ATRA works may lead to new treatments for other types of leukemia. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 has been implicated in the differentiation of APL cells. This study aims to elucidate the specific role of NEAT1 in the granulocytic differentiation of APL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The influence of NEAT1 on autophagy and PML/RARα degradation was assessed using western blot assays. The impact of NEAT1 on the expression of autophagy-related genes was evaluated through quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Mechanistic insights into the role of NEAT1 in modulating autophagy were supported by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pulldown assays.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Knockdown of NEAT1 suppressed autophagy and attenuated ATRA-induced PML/RARα degradation and granulocytic differentiation of APL cells. Subsequent screening of autophagy-related genes demonstrated that silencing NEAT1 impaired the ATRA-induced upregulation of ATG10 and ATG12. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the RNA-binding protein TAF15 interacted with NEAT1, synergistically stabilizing the mRNA of ATG10 and ATG12. Furthermore, knockdown of NEAT1 impaired the interactions between TAF15 and the mRNAs of ATG10 and ATG12, thereby compromising their mRNA stability.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Our study elucidates the critical role of NEAT1-mediated autophagy in the differentiation of APL cells and delineates the molecular mechanism by which upregulation of NEAT1 enhances autophagy. Specifically, NEAT1 binds to the RNA-binding protein TAF15, which in turn stabilizes the mRNA of both ATG10 and ATG12.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0316109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS ONEPub Date : 2024-12-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309384
Howard Peters, Gina M Ralph, Laura Rogers-Bennett
{"title":"Abalones at risk: A global Red List assessment of Haliotis in a changing climate.","authors":"Howard Peters, Gina M Ralph, Laura Rogers-Bennett","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0309384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is increasing awareness that marine invertebrates such as abalones are at risk from the combined stressors of fishing and climate change. Abalones are an important marine fishery resource and of cultural importance to Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. A highly priced marine delicacy, they are inherently vulnerable: individuals are slow-growing and long-lived and successful reproduction requires dense assemblages. However, their global conservation status is poorly understood. Using IUCN Red List methodology, we assessed the extinction risk to all 54 species of abalone (genus Haliotis). Of the 21 fished commercially for human consumption either now and/or in the past, 15 (71.43%) are classified as threatened, i.e., those identified as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Of the 33 unexploited species, only five (15.15%) are so classified, making exploited species over four times more likely to face extinction, underscoring the impact of fishing on abalones already confronting a changing climate. The highest concentration of threatened species occurs along the North American Pacific coast. Here six of the seven species have been exploited, yet despite years of fishery closures with exemptions only in Alaska and Mexico, all are categorised as threatened. Climate driven stressors have led to mass mortalities, with competition from sea urchins and disease, aggravated by harmful algal blooms. In Australia the picture is mixed despite robust stock management, with some regions experiencing mass mortalities from marine heatwaves and viral spread. Poaching has reached its apogee in South Africa, where organised criminal gangs have reduced the legal fishery of Haliotis midae, 'perlemoen' almost to a footnote, accompanied by widespread recruitment failure. In response, the authorities have focused on abalone ranching and stock enhancement. In Japan, with a long history of abalone fishing, wild stocks are routinely supplemented with hatchery-bred juveniles. Collaboration between restoration aquaculture and fisheries, including sea urchin control and kelp restoration, offers hope for rebuilding stocks against a backdrop of escalating environmental stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 12","pages":"e0309384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}