PLoS ONE最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying the diagnostic time gap in precision oncology: A retrospective analysis of potential time savings from same-day cartridge-based molecular testing versus next-generation sequencing in cytology specimens.","authors":"Kevin Tran, Eveline Chen, W Fraser Symmans, Gloria Hopkins Sura","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360239","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Next-generation sequencing (NGS) turnaround times (TAT) exceed two weeks and can delay the initiation of targeted therapy. Rapid cartridge-based platforms such as Idylla deliver single-gene or fusion results from minimal cytology material within hours, but time savings have not been systematically quantified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two cases of non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, melanoma, and mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland that underwent both Idylla testing (KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and GeneFusion assays) and orthogonal NGS at a single academic center were reviewed. NGS TAT was calculated from specimen collection to report release, and Idylla results were modeled as available one day after collection. The primary outcome was per-case time savings (NGS TAT minus one day); treatment timelines were reconstructed from the medical record. Analyses were descriptive; no inferential testing was performed. A sensitivity analysis varied the modeled Idylla TAT from 1 to 3 days, and an adjusted estimate assigned no time saving to the two cartridge results that were not actionable on the day of collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median NGS TAT across all 42 cases was 20.0 days (IQR, 17.0-23.8; range, 8-51). Against the modeled 1-day Idylla TAT, the median time savings was 19.0 days per case (IQR, 16.0-22.8; range, 7-50), totaling 858 patient-days. Assigning no time saving to those two cases gave a median of 18.0 days and 817 patient-days. No patient received therapy that was subsequently contradicted by the sequencing result. In thirteen patients, the sequencing interval alone exceeded three weeks, and in seven, no systemic therapy was underway while the result was awaited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Same-day cartridge-based testing from cytology and small biopsy specimens could provide actionable results a median of 19 days earlier than standard NGS. Whether this translates into earlier treatment initiation was not assessed and requires prospective evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Comparative study of thoracolumbar fascia changes in weightlifters with and without low back pain.","authors":"Emma Feng Ming Zhou, Carmelo Pirri, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Juhua Peng, Tao Wen, Jianhui Fang, Chufeng Zhou, Carla Stecco, Siu Ngor Fu","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360981","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0338718.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SportRGDET: Scene prior and relation graph enhanced detection transformer for sports scenes.","authors":"Qingya Ouyang, Chaoyi Su, Qingyuan Li","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0348924","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0348924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Object detection in sports videos holds significant application value in tactical analysis, athlete tracking, and intelligent broadcasting. However, existing methods face two key challenges when processing sports scenes: on one hand, target distribution in sports footage is strictly constrained by field boundaries, yet generic detectors uniformly allocate detection resources across the entire image, causing frequent false detections in off-field regions due to the visual similarity between spectators and athletes; on the other hand, objects such as athletes, balls, and referees in sports scenes form stable spatial co-occurrence patterns governed by game rules, yet existing methods predict each object independently, failing to leverage cross-category relational cues to assist the detection of difficult targets. To address these issues, this paper proposes SportRGDET (Sport Relation-Graph DEtection Transformer), a framework that achieves accurate detection through two core modules: the Scene Prior Guided Module (SPGM) jointly estimates the spatial probability distribution and boundary gradient map of the field region from multi-scale encoder features, fuses them to generate a hierarchical field confidence mask, and performs spatial modulation on the deformable self-attention weights of the encoder, which reallocates attention resources toward the effective field area and progressively suppresses off-field interference across layers, thereby reducing false detections while incurring only moderate additional computation; the Relation Reasoning Enhancement Module (RREM) treats each candidate object as a node during the detection decoding stage, adaptively learns inter-node association strengths through a relation encoder based on category embeddings and relative spatial positions of node pairs, constructs a dynamic relation graph, and bidirectionally propagates contextual information across nodes via graph attention mechanisms, enabling difficult targets to refine their predictions by leveraging positional and categorical cues from surrounding identified objects, enhancing detection robustness under occlusion and blur conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that SportRGDET achieves significant performance improvements on multiple sports detection benchmark datasets, validating the effectiveness of scene prior and relation reasoning mechanisms in sports scene object detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0348924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular screening of selected RNA viruses in neotropical wild felids of Brazil.","authors":"Michelle Colpani, Aricia Duarte-Benvenuto, Carlos Sacristán, Marina Galvão Bueno, Marcia Terezinha Baroni de Moraes, Roberta Zamana-Ramblas, Bárbara Sophia Codeas, Pedro Enrique Navas-Suarez, María Alejandra Arias-Lugo, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Rose Lilian Gasparini-Morato, Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira, Sheila Canevese Rahal, José Luiz Catão-Dias","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0359169","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0359169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrovirus, cardiovirus and rotavirus are RNA viruses widely distributed among humans, domestic and wild mammals, including felids, occasionally associated with fatal outbreaks and highly resistant to environmental conditions. Despite this, there are no reports of these viruses in New World felids. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of astrovirus, rotavirus and cardiovirus in non-domestic felids under human care or in the wild, across multiple Brazilian biomes (i.e., Amazon Forest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado). Biological samples (e.g., blood, oral and rectal swabs, and frozen tissues) were submitted to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for astrovirus detection and real-time RT-PCR for rotavirus and cardiovirus, followed by sequencing. Fifty wild felids were analyzed, comprising 40 free-ranging and 10 captive animals: 19 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), 12 pumas (Puma concolor), seven jaguarundis (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), six southern tiger cats (Leopardus guttulus), three margays (Leopardus wiedii) and three jaguars (Panthera onca). An astrovirus was detected in rectal swab of a healthy captive southern tiger cat, while a genotype G3P[3] Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis (Rotavirus A) was detected in intestine of a roadkill puma. All felid samples were negative for cardiovirus. Morphological analyses of available formalin-fixed tissues of the rotavirus-positive puma were inconclusive due to autolysis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of astrovirus and rotavirus in Neotropical wild felid species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0359169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying diagnostic testing gaps for antiphospholipid syndrome within a single healthcare system.","authors":"Deborah J Novak, Michelle Grant, Ann Marie Tice, Veena Joy, A Dhanya Mackeen, Donna M Wolk","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0359712","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0359712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is a rare disease with significant morbidity and the possibility of mortality. While there are no established diagnostic criteria for use in clinical settings, there is a large body of global research organized by the American College of Rheumatology and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (ACR/EULAR) into accepted research guidelines, developed for identifying probable APS cases. The research guidelines were used in this study as a surrogate approach for evaluating diagnostic testing patterns, with the aim of identifying potential gaps in patient evaluation for APS in clinical settings. For this study, suggested testing for APS characterization included IgG (Immunoglobulin G) and IgM (Immunoglobulin M) anti-cardiolipin antibodies; IgG and IgM anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies; and Lupus Anticoagulant. This retrospective cross-sectional study identified patients from the electronic medical records of a regional health system with International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnostic codes for APS-associated conditions, signs, symptoms, and/or testing collected for antiphospholipid antibodies in selected medical and surgical specialty locations, from 01/01/2011 to 12/31/2020. These data were used to assess how closely the clinical testing patterns followed the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria for laboratory evaluation. The data showed that 80.70% of 16679 patients with antiphospholipid antibody tests collected did not include all antiphospholipid antibody testing described in 2023 ACR/EULAR research criteria guidelines. These findings may represent common suboptimal ordering practices in evaluations for APS, highlighting the need for peer comparison and the development of future clinical laboratory guidance to support more complete assessment for APS.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0359712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend and factors associated with consumption of iron-rich foods among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia, Evidenced from 2005-2019 Ethiopia demographic and health survey: A multivariate decomposition analysis.","authors":"Yidenek Anegagrie Birhanu, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Ejigu Gebeye Zeleke, Tilahun Yemanu Birhan","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360237","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Micro-nutrient deficiencies remain the major public health concern in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. In particular, adequate consumption of iron-rich foods among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia is very low, and is one of the reasons for the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. Consumption of iron-rich food among children aged 6-23 months has changed over time in Ethiopia. However, there is scant evidence on the factors contributed for the change in the consumption of iron-rich foods.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the trend and factors associated with consumption of iron-rich foods among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia based on the 2005-2019 Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A repeated cross sectional study design was employed based on the 2005, 2011, 2016 and 2019 Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys data. A total weighted samples of 10,796 children aged 6-23 months were included. Stata version 17 statistical software was used for data management and analysis. A logit-based decomposition analysis was employed to identify factors contributing for the change in consumption of iron-rich food over time. Coefficients with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and P-value were reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of the contribution.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The consumption of iron-rich foods among children aged 6-23 months increased significantly from 10.8% (95%CI: 9.7, 11.9) in 2005 to 23.5% (95%CI:21.3, 25.6) in 2019. About 46.4% of the overall increment in the consumption of iron-rich foods among children was due to the difference in composition of women (change in endowment) across the surveys, while the difference due to the change in the effect of coefficients (change in characteristics) was insignificant. In the endowment component, the difference in composition of women with primary (23%) and secondary (10%) education, and difference in composition of women having four and above antenatal care visits (18%) were found to be significant contributing factors for the increase in the intake of iron-rich foods among young children. The increase in number of households with rich wealth status showed a 67.4% contribution for the increment of consumption of iron-rich foods during the third phase (2016-2019).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Consumption of iron-rich foods among children aged 6-23 months has shown a remarkable increase over time in Ethiopia. Improvement in maternal education status, increase in number of antenatal care visits and improvement in household wealth status were the main drivers for the observed change. Strengthening policies that expand women's educational opportunities and integrate nutrition counseling into antenatal care services, and promoting household economic empowerment could further enhance iron-rich food intake. iron-rich.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early inflammation-driven damage and delayed viral clearance are associated with prolonged biliary perturbation in a Cameroonian cohort of COVID-19 patients.","authors":"Modeste R Ngamaleu, Hillary Tene, Romeo Djounda, Rachel Minomo, Micheal Besong, Honore Awanakam, Christela Djeukeng, Kevine Tchamda, Reine Seumko'o, Tatiane Feugo, Antonin Wilson Ndjitoyap Ndam, Antoine B Siafa, Eleonore Ngounoue, Rene Essomba, Charles Kouanfack, Jude Bigoga, Forgu Esemu Livo","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0357503","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0357503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although COVID-19-associated liver abnormalities are documented, the link between delayed viral clearance, IgG seroconversion, and inflammation remains poorly defined, particularly in Sub-Saharan African populations, where baseline liver enzymes differ from Western standards. In 38 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals monitored at D0, D14, and D30, we quantified liver biomarkers (ALT, AST, BILT, BILD) by spectrophotometry (COBAS), plasma IL-6 by Luminex, viral load (N and ORF1ab genes) by RT-qPCR, and IgG/IgM serology. Analyses were performed in GraphPad Prism v9.0. ALT and AST rose transiently at D14, returning to baseline by D30. IL-6 peaked at D14 and correlated positively with BILT (r = 0.64, p = 0.001) and BILD (r = 0.54, p = 0.006). ORF1ab Ct at D14 correlated negatively with ALT at D0 (r = -0.67, p = 0.004) and D14 (r = -0.71, p = 0.006); N gene Ct at D14 correlated with ALT at D0 (r = -0.61, p = 0.011). Mixed-effects models identified IL-6 as the sole independent predictor of AST (β = 3.04, p = 0.005) and Ct N gene as an independent predictor of direct bilirubin (β = -0.003, p = 0.025), supporting a dual-pathway model of COVID-19-associated cholestasis. Paradoxically, IgG seropositivity independently predicted higher direct bilirubin (β = 0.06, p = 0.030) but did not mark biliary normalisation. Elevated ALT and BILT at D0 were associated with detectable viral RNA beyond D14 (P = 0.03). Participants aged >30 years drove rising BILD, with significant increases at D14 (P = 0.03) and D30 (P = 0.04) versus D0. COVID-19 liver injury follows a biphasic course: D14 alterations are inflammation-driven (IL-6), while D30 abnormalities track with delayed viral RNA clearance independent of IgG seroconversion. Extended hepatic monitoring is warranted, especially in older patients with delayed viral clearance in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0357503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early hospital discharge following delivery during wartime is not associated with increased rates of postpartum hospital referrals.","authors":"Shlomit Blumenfeld, Lital Shaham, Noa Brenner, Gad Segal, Michal J Simchen, Keren Zloto, Mordechai Dulitzky, Eyal Sivan, Nirit Agay, Alina Weissmann-Brenner","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0335688","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0335688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During war, significant adaptations take place in hospitals to improve the treatment of soldiers and civilians. For example, low-risk women were discharged earlier from hospitals following delivery. The aim of the study was to compare the rate of postpartum-visits to the gynecological-emergency-room (GER) between wartime to a similar period in the previous year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study compared the visits of postpartum-women in the GER to a similar period in the previous year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 801 women who delivered in the first month of the war in 2023 and 913 who delivered in the parallel period in the previous year. There were no significant changes in maternal age, gravidity, parity, mode of delivery, birthweight, meconium, low Apgar scores, and the rate of admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit. There were significantly less elective cesarean sections during wartime (57% vs. 92%; p < 0.0001). The duration of postpartum hospitalization was significantly shorter during wartime [median length of 53.2 [Interquartile-range (IQR] 42.4-72.4) hours vs. 64.1 (IQR 47.4-82.8) in the previous year (p < 0.0001)]. There were no significant differences in the rate of total referrals of postpartum-women to the GER (8.7% vs. 8.8%; p > 0.05), and no differences in referrals due to infections or bleeding. There was no difference in the rate of admission of postpartum-women (17% vs. 14%; p = 0.73).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Shortening of hospitalization following delivery during war is feasible, does not cause increase postpartum visits to the GER, and does not increase GER visits due to infections or bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0335688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and verification of an interlocked centrifugal exhaust system for hatch-type boiling disinfectors.","authors":"Xiaoxue Sun, Qinqin Wang, Wei Zheng","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360909","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To address the occupational exposure risks caused by instantaneous steam overflow when opening the top cover of hatch-type boiling disinfectors in the central sterile supply department, this study developed an interlocked centrifugal exhaust system (ICES) characterized by operational simplicity and high adaptability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ICES was assembled using a centrifugal fan, Hall effect switch, instant relay, time-delay relay, solid-state relay, and piping. The system achieved automatic start/stop of the fan based on the open‑or‑closed status of the top cover. A self-controlled design was adopted on one hatch-type boiling disinfector. Temperature was measured at the chamber edge (T1) and at the technician's facial position (T2). Airborne particle counts were also measured at the technician's facial position. Measurements were performed under conditions with and without the ICES enabled. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After enabling the ICES, T1 and T2 decreased by 20.89% and 31.31%, respectively. The median temperature at T2 was 21.5 °C, which was close to the ambient temperature. The reduction ratios for airborne particle counts of six different sizes at the technician's facial position ranged from 53.09% to 67.83%. All differences between groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ICES effectively reduces steam overflow upon the top-cover opening of hatch-type boiling disinfectors and lowers the risk of occupational injury. With advantages such as wide installation adaptability, imperceptible operation, and convenient maintenance, it provides a stable and reliable solution for the safety retrofitting of existing hatch-type boiling disinfectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The double-edged sword of human-AI collaboration on design students' competence development: The mediating roles of challenge and hindrance appraisals and the asymmetric moderation of teacher AI leadership.","authors":"Xiang Wang, MingXing Li, Jia Du, Y U Yao, Jiabei Jiang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360722","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0360722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deepening integration of generative AI into design education is driving a paradigm shift in human-computer AI collaboration (HAIC) -from mere tool assistance toward intelligent synergy. However, its dual impact on the competency development of design students and the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Grounded in the Theory of Stress Appraisal, this study constructs a research model to examine the double-edged sword effect of HAIC on Design Competence (DC), introducing teacher AI Leadership (AIL) as a moderating variable. The aim is to reveal the psychological mechanisms and boundary conditions through which HAIC influences DC. Employing a questionnaire survey, this study conducted an empirical investigation involving 483 design students in East China. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0, encompassing reliability and validity tests, regression analysis, and Bootstrap mediation analysis. The results indicate that HAIC influences DC through dual pathways: it positively enhances DC by fostering Challenge Appraisal (CA) (β = 0.283, p < 0.01), which in turn positively predicted competence development (β = 0.363, p < 0.01), yielding a significant indirect effect of 0.103 (p < 0.01). Simultaneously, HAIC triggered Hindrance Appraisal (HA) (β = 0.271, p < 0.01), which negatively predicted competence development (β = -0.229, p < 0.01), yielding a significant indirect effect of -0.062 (p < 0.01). This constitutes a partial mediating mechanism characterized by \"one positive, one negative\" effect. Furthermore, Teacher AIL exhibits an asymmetric moderating effect: it significantly buffers the positive impact of HAIC on HA (β = -0.112, p < 0.01), indicating that high AIL can mitigate cognitive load and anxiety arising from technological uncertainty, yet it does not significantly amplify the positive pathway via CA (β = 0.001, p > 0.05). The findings suggest that the impact of HAIC on DC is not linear but rather a dialectical process contingent upon individual cognitive appraisal. The core value of Teacher AIL lies in \"risk mitigation\" rather than \"creativity stimulation,\" offering a theoretical foundation for the intelligent transformation of educational design. At the practical level, it is imperative to facilitate from knowledge deliverers to cognitive facilitators in AI-augmented design education. By systematically developing AI instructional competencies and reforming assessment systems, educators can guide students toward establishing a healthy relationship with HAIC, thereby achieving the synergistic advancement of technological empowerment and humanistic literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"21 10","pages":"e0360722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}