Planta最新文献

{"title":"Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals temporal fluctuation of floral scent in Nyctanthes arbor-tristis.","authors":"Soumyajit Mohapatra, Shubham Srivastava, Abhishek Kumar Shukla, Shilpa Kumari, Ashutosh K Shukla, Chandan Singh Chanotiya, Ajit Kumar Shasany","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05150-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05150-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is a nocturnal plant known for its intense floral scent. However, the reported molecular regulation of its volatile organic compound (VOC) biosynthesis remains enigmatic. In this study, we investigated the temporal floral VOCs analysis using GC-FID and GC-MS at five time points between 6 PM and 6 AM. Fifteen major VOCs were identified, including green leaf volatiles (GLVs), terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids/benzenoids (PBs). Among them, 4-ketoisophorone was the most abundant constituent at all time points, showing a peak concentration at midnight (18.8 ± 3.4%) and early morning (18.9 ± 4.5%) followed by benzaldehyde, with the highest abundance at 9 PM (12.7 ± 2.5%), and benzene acetaldehyde and methyl anthranilate, which showed a gradual increase during night and peaked in the morning hours. To uncover the transcriptional regulation underlying these temporal changes, RNA-Seq was performed on flowers collected at 6 PM, 9 PM, and 12 AM. A total of 25,913 high-confidence transcripts were annotated, and 68 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be common across comparisons. GO and KEGG enrichment revealed significant involvement of genes in secondary metabolism, circadian rhythm, hormone signaling, and environmental adaptation. Expression patterns of genes associated with GLV, benzenoid, and terpenoid biosynthesis were consistent with VOC emission trends. qRT-PCR analysis of selected structural genes and transcription factors further provided an independent experimental mechanism for pathway-specific transcriptional modulation across nocturnal stages. Together, these findings suggest that floral emission in N. arbor-tristis is governed by time-dependent coordination between metabolite accumulation and gene expression, providing insights into the molecular basis of nocturnal scent dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial partnerships and molecular mechanisms in plant stress physiology for climate-resilient and sustainable farming.","authors":"Temesgen Assefa Gelaw, Awoke Yihun Dagnaw, Beimnet Abegaz, Destaw Mullualem, Teshome Geremew Biru, Brahim Oubaha, Ivica Dimkić, Fantaw Yimer, Neeti Sanan-Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05140-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05140-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Plant-microbial partnerships and their underlying molecular mechanisms are indispensable, natural drivers of improved nutrient acquisition and stress tolerance in the face of climate-driven environmental challenges. Modern multi-omics tools, when coupled with artificial intelligence and synthetic biology, enable the precise design of targeted bioinoculants and synthetic microbial consortia. Translating these advanced microbiome-based strategies into scalable, field-level agricultural applications provides a sustainable path toward securing global food production while maintaining soil health. Global climate change imposes multifaceted abiotic and biotic stresses on crops, disrupting physiological and molecular processes and threatening agricultural productivity. Plant-associated microbes represent an underexplored yet powerful ally in enhancing crop resilience. This review presents current knowledge of plant-microbe interactions and the molecular mechanisms governing plant stress physiology, with an emphasis on climate-resilient and sustainable farming. Hence, ever-changing environmental cues pose a significant burden on agricultural productivity, and plant-associated microbial communities modulate a cascade of physiological and molecular responses, including production of phytohormones, signaling, regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and activation of plant immune responses to help plants withstand stress and enhance productivity. Moreover, root exudates, phytohormones, and quorum sensing mediate the central communication networks, facilitating plant-microbe cross talk. Additionally, the advances in OMICs approaches aid in disentangling the molecular underpinnings of these interactions by providing mechanistic insights and potential candidate gene targets for crop improvement and stress resilience. In the post-genomic era, integrating artificial intelligence and big data analysis to optimize microbiome-based strategies for sustainable agriculture is a new frontier for disentangling plant-microbe symbiosis to improve soil health, enhance crop yields, and improve stress tolerance. Thus, by integrating the ecological, physiological, and molecular perspectives, this review highlights the transformative potential of harnessing plant-microbe symbiosis for climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13553713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARR1 and ARR12 negatively regulate arsenic stress tolerance by controlling flavonoid metabolism in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Moruo Xu, Fei Liu, Ping Zhang, Ruishan Li, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Lam-Son Phan Tran, Weiyang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05143-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05143-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>ARR1/12-mediated cytokinin signaling negatively regulates the accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids, thereby increasing plant susceptibility to As(III) stress. Cytokinins negatively regulate arsenic stress tolerance in plants through cytokinin-signaling type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (B-ARRs), specifically ARR1 and ARR12. However, the mechanism by which cytokinin signaling regulates plant metabolite dynamics, particularly antioxidant flavonoids, in response to arsenic toxicity remains largely unknown. Here, we hypothesized that ARR1/12-mediated cytokinin signaling modulates flavonoid metabolism to regulate arsenite [As(III)] tolerance. By comparing the global metabolic changes in roots of the arr1 12 double mutant (rD) and wild-type (WT) plants, we found that As(III) stress globally reduced metabolite abundance in WT roots. Importantly, the rD mutant accumulated significantly more flavonoids, most in glycosylated forms, than WT under As(III) exposure, which was supported by the specific upregulation of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes involved in flavonoid glycosylation. Accordingly, exogenous application of the glycosylated quercitrin-enhanced As(III) tolerance in WT roots, strengthening that the increase of glycosylated flavonoids in rD roots was beneficial for plant survival under As(III) exposure. Our data collectively strongly support that the increased glycosylation of flavonoids in the rD mutant improves their antioxidant functionality, thereby enhancing the As(III) stress tolerance. This study provides a new insight into the negative role of cytokinin signaling in repressing glycosylated flavonoid accumulation, causing increased susceptibility of plants to As(III) stress. Manipulation of cytokinin signaling or flavonoid glycosylation is, therefore, a promising approach for heavy metal stress mitigation in crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein-RNA control networks at the plant-pathogen interface.","authors":"Wajid Zaman, Asma Ayaz","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05144-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05144-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Plant immunity depends on coordinated control of signaling gain, molecular persistence, RNA fate, interorganismal exchange and timely attenuation, defining testable routes to durable disease control. Plant immunity is often reviewed as a sequence of receptor activation, transcriptional reprogramming, and antimicrobial output. That organization is useful, but it obscures a central mechanistic problem: immune performance depends on coupled control of protein abundance, RNA fate, interorganismal exchange and response termination. Here, we develop an evidence-weighted protein-RNA control-loop framework that is explicitly differentiated from receptor-, proteostasis-, RNA-silencing- and extracellular-vesicle-centered reviews. The framework organizes plant-pathogen interactions around five experimentally tractable control variables: signaling gain, molecular persistence, RNA routing, interorganismal exchange and memory versus cost. We evaluate how pattern-recognition receptors and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat receptors set signaling gain; ubiquitination, SUMOylation, proteasomal turnover and autophagy determine persistence; RNA-binding proteins, alternative splicing, N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A), translation and decay route immune messages; and vesicular or non-vesicular ribonucleoprotein carriers mediate cross-kingdom RNA exchange. For each layer, we distinguish association from physical mechanism, causal perturbation, and crop-level validation. Receptor synergy, resistosome signaling, selected proteolytic circuits and several cross-kingdom RNA interference mechanisms are strongly supported, whereas generalized roles for immune m⁶A, stress-granule routing, vesicle-exclusive RNA transport and durable epigenetic memory remain incompletely demonstrated. The framework yields testable predictions and a stage-gated roadmap for engineered receptors, host- and spray-induced gene silencing, proteostasis or RNA-binding-protein engineering, and multi-omics breeding. Durable resistance should therefore be judged not by maximal defense activation, but by sufficient gain, correct routing, appropriate persistence and timely attenuation with acceptable yield and environmental costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgenic overexpression of GmAPC7-CT improves seed yield and reduces susceptibility to soybean mosaic virus and Meloidogyne incognita in soybean.","authors":"Marcos Fernando Basso, Stéfanie Menezes de Moura, Daniele Heloísa Pinheiro, Thuanne Pires Ribeiro, Nayara Sabrina Freitas-Alves, Karina Nascimento Silva Fragoso, Rodrigo Rocha Fragoso, Bruna Gino de Araújo-Lopes, Adriana Silva Hemerly, Janice de Almeida-Engler, Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05097-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05097-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Stable transgenic soybean lines overexpressing the GmAPC7-CT gene have demonstrated increased seed yield and reduced susceptibility to the soybean mosaic virus and Meloidogyne incognita. The Anaphase-Promoting Complex subunit 7 (APC7) is a core structural component of the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C). The terminal region of this AtAPC7 gene has been shown in Arabidopsis thaliana to accumulate more transcripts than the full-length gene. The AtAPC7-CT gene (terminal region of the AtAPC7) encodes a protein with significant homology to a tobacco viral replication inhibitor (IVR). Its stable overexpression in transgenic A. thaliana lines resulted in notable improvements in biomass, seed yield, earliness of vegetative-reproductive transitions, and reduced susceptibility to viruses. In this study, we generated stable transgenic soybean lines overexpressing the GmAPC7-CT gene (terminal region or 3' portion of Glyma.15G096000, corresponding to the AtAPC7-CT) and evaluated seed yield and susceptibility of these lines to soybean mosaic virus and Meloidogyne incognita. The GmAPC7-CT gene is 624 nucleotides long and encodes a 207-amino acid protein with two tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains. GmAPC7-CT showed 100% amino acid identity with full-length GmAPC7, 81.16% identity with AtAPC7-CT, and 87.94% identity with tobacco IVR. Stable transgenic lines demonstrated significant advancements in plant development and seed yield, with the top three lines producing up to 43% more pods, 44% more seeds, and a 16% increase in seed weight. Furthermore, these soybean lines showed up to a 70% reduction in susceptibility to soybean mosaic virus and M. incognita, reflected by decreased viral RNA load and nematode reproduction factor. Collectively, these results support a conserved role of GmAPC7-CT in soybean and AtAPC7-CT in A. thaliana, acting similarly to the tobacco IVR. Thus, our findings underscore the strong biotechnological potential of the GmAPC7-CT gene to improve key agronomic traits in soybean through genetic engineering approaches, including conventional breeding, transgenesis, and genome editing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and predictive modeling reveal photosynthetic and stress responses associated with ALAD silencing in citrus.","authors":"Lamiaa M Mahmoud, Nabil Killiny","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05147-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05147-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Suppression of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in citrus disrupts chloroplast development and photosynthetic stability, triggering broad transcriptional reprogramming across metabolic, stress, and hormone signaling pathways. Chlorosis is often the earliest visible indicator of plant stress, whether caused by abiotic or biotic factors. Complex stress networks can ultimately lead to the loss of photosynthetic organelles and pigments, resulting in reduced cell viability and eventually, cell death. However, plants possess coordinated mechanisms to maintain homeostasis under adverse conditions. δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), a central enzyme in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, is essential for chlorophyll production and photosynthetic function. Here, we examined the physiological and transcriptomic consequences of ALAD suppression in Citrus macrophylla using virus-induced gene silencing. At the cellular level, ALAD-deficient plants exhibited a reduced number of plastids and altered plastid morphology. Transcriptomic profiling revealed major alterations in genes associated with photosynthesis, Fe and Zn nutrient uptake, and stress- and defense-related pathways, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, hormone signaling, and secondary metabolism. Integrating these transcriptional and physiological changes into predictive models for photosynthesis- and redox-related genes allowed the identification of key regulatory nodes. To achieve this, we implemented a machine-learning-ready pipeline using variance-stabilized expression of the most variable genes and Random Forest modeling to classify photosynthesis and redox states. ALAD suppression triggered upregulation of cytochrome P450s, lipoxygenases, annexins, and ferritin, ROS detoxification, and iron homeostasis. ALAD suppression induced a pronounced lipid peroxidation signature, as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde accumulation and altered levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids, accompanied by increased jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation. Together, the suppression of ALAD reveals a coordinated stress response integrating chloroplast architecture, photosynthetic efficiency, redox regulation, nutrient homeostasis, and defense pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold antagonizes salt-induced jasmonate signaling to reconfigure the defense responses of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).","authors":"Jia-Ying Yang, Xiao-Xian Yao, Yu-Mei He, Fei Wang, Guo-Xin Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05130-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05130-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Combined cold and salt stress antagonizes jasmonate signaling via MYC2 suppression, reallocating resources to flavonoid-based defense and revealing a strategic target for crop multi-stress resilience. Plants are frequently exposed to a combination of abiotic stresses, but the mechanisms governing their non-additive interactions remain largely unclear. In this study, we integrated phenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the interplay between cold and salt stress in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Unlike individual stresses, which led to progressive damage, the combined stress elicited a pronounced antagonistic effect during a critical 6 ~ 9 h window, characterized by reduced electrolyte leakage (< 40%), a higher relative water content (25 ~ 30%), and attenuated oxidative injury. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that salt stress up-regulated FERL and the master regulator MYC2, involved in the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway, by 40- and 20-fold, respectively, but these responses were significantly suppressed under combined stress. Further, targeted metabolomics revealed that pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside accumulated by a twofold increase to 1.2 μg g⁻¹ under combined stress compared to salt stress alone. Functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing of CaMYC2 (78% efficiency) confirmed that MYC2 is essential for this antagonistic protection. Silenced plants exhibited exacerbated wilting, doubled hydrogen peroxide content, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that combined cold-salt stress reconfigures defense prioritization by antagonizing JA signaling through MYC2 suppression, thereby reallocating metabolic resources toward flavonoid-based protection. This study provides a mechanistic framework for understanding non-additive stress interactions and identifies strategic targets for enhancing crop multi-stress resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GhSCL5, a GRAS transcription factor from cotton, positively regulates drought tolerance by modulating phytohormone signaling and carbon metabolism.","authors":"Duofu Shan, Xin Zhang, Haijuan Wang, Xingyue Zhong, Yongxue Xie, Kunduziayi Kudelaiti, Aixia Han, Wanwan Fu, Xilin Wang, Yanlong Yang, Jingbo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05138-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05138-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>In this study, we functionally characterized the GRAS transcription factor gene GhSCL5 in upland cotton. Transcriptome analysis, RT-qPCR validation, and public transcriptome data from the CottonOmics database demonstrated that the expression of GhSCL5 was significantly induced by exogenous γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated drought, and natural drought conditions. These results indicate that GhSCL5 participates in the drought stress response of cotton. Drought is a major abiotic stress limiting cotton production. The GRAS protein family participates in plant development and abiotic stress responses, but the roles of many cotton GRAS members remain unclear. Here, we characterized GhSCL5, a GRAS family gene in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) whose expression was induced by natural drought, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and exogenous γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA). Silencing GhSCL5 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) reduced cotton drought tolerance, as indicated by decreased catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities, lower proline (Pro) accumulation and leaf relative water content (RWC), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content under drought stress. Conversely, heterologous overexpression of GhSCL5 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced drought tolerance and maintained longer primary roots under mannitol-induced osmotic stress. Transcriptome profiling identified 7061 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GhSCL5-silenced cotton leaves under drought stress, comprising 3140 upregulated and 3921 downregulated genes. Notably, upregulated DEGs were enriched in pathways, including plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, the plant MAPK signaling pathway, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism, while downregulated DEGs were enriched in photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and photosynthesis-antenna protein. Importantly, the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was enriched with both upregulated and downregulated DEGs, suggesting that this pathway may represent a significant component of the transcriptional response. Within the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, genes associated with abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin were the most abundant, which indicates that these two hormonal systems might be key factors in the response associated with GhSCL5. Collectively, these findings suggest that GhSCL5 may contribute to drought tolerance through processes related to antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, and carbon metabolism, with transcriptomic evidence suggesting a potential involvement of ABA and Auxin signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A genetic access to plant cell axis formation.","authors":"Thomas Berleth, Christian S Hardtke, Jim Mattson, Gerhard K H Przemeck","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05112-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05112-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PAE8 and PAE9 double mutant reduces auxin and alters resistance against selected bacteria and fungi in Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Rawan M Ahmad, Nehaya Al-Karablieh, Kholoud M Alananbeh, Haya Abdallah, Wafa' Salhieh, Osama Alkhasoneh, Khaldoun J Al-Hadid","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05137-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05137-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>PAE8 and PAE9 double mutants reduce auxin concentration and enhance Arabidopsis thaliana resistance in a pathogen-dependent manner. Pectin O-acetylation is a key plant cell wall modification that influences developmental processes and stress responses. pectin acetylesterases (PAEs) are cell wall-modifying enzymes that are responsible for removing the acetyl group from pectin. In this study, we investigated the roles of PAE8 and PAE9 in regulating pectin O-acetylation, auxin concentration, and plant defense in Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was conducted to evaluate the transcriptional profiles of PAE8 and PAE9 in 3- to 8-week-old rosette leaves that represent successive vegetative developmental stages, showing maximum expression at week 8 for both genes. The double mutant plants (pae8/pae9) showed significantly higher cell wall acetylation levels compared to the wild-type plants (Col-0) across all examined developmental stages. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentration was reduced in pae8/pae9 compared to Col-0 at week 8. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed a significant difference in cell wall acetylation between Col-0 and pae8/pae9. Detached leaf assay for 8-week-old rosette leaves demonstrated that pae8/pae9 plants exhibit enhanced resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Aspergillus flavus, Pseudomonas viridiflava, and Pectobacterium carotovorum, whereas the bacterial growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Pectobacterium atrosepticum was not significantly different from Col-0 under the tested conditions. Together, altered pectin structure and reduced auxin concentration in pae8/pae9 may contribute to pathogen-dependent resistance although auxin's direct role remains to be determined. These findings highlight PAE8 and PAE9 as key regulators of pectin O-acetylation and suggest a potential link between cell wall acetylation, reduced IAA concentration, and pathogen-dependent defense responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}