Planta最新文献

{"title":"Elucidation of the genetic architecture stabilizing the heading time in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).","authors":"Maho Okuma, Kazusa Nishimura, Emiko Aoki, Masahiro Tsuchiya, Yuki Monden, Kenji Kato, Hidetaka Nishida","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04945-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04945-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>QHd.ouj-4H and HvPHYC were first found to affect the heading time stability under changing climate in barley, modulated by HvCEN, offering insights for stable early-maturing breeding. Heading time stability is essential for stable production of barley under the recent changes in climate. In this study, we sought to identify QTLs regulating heading time and stability, using RILs derived from a cross between two Japanese cultivars, Kashimamugi and Ishukushirazu, both of which are early-heading cultivars with spring growth habit, but differ in heading time stability. QTL analysis was performed by detecting genome-wide SNPs and InDels by MIG-seq, and detected three heading time QTLs (QHd.ouj-2H, QHd.ouj-4H, and QHd.ouj-5H). Among these, HvCEN and HvPHYC were considered to be the causative genes for QHd.ouj-2H and QHd.ouj-5H, respectively, while the gene underlying QHd.ouj-4H remains unknown. QTL analysis failed to detect QTLs for heading time stability, but analysis of the three heading time QTLs revealed that heading time stability was affected by the QHd.ouj-4H and HvPHYC genotype with the late allele and the early allele causing instability, respectively. Furthermore, interactions were observed between QHd.ouj-4H and HvCEN, and between HvPHYC and HvCEN. In the HvCEN-e background, QHd.ouj-4H had no significant effect on stability, and in the HvCEN-l background, HvPHYC showed no significant effect, indicating that the combination of QTLs is crucial for heading time stability. Since early-maturing cultivars are widely cultivated to avoid abiotic stresses, these results facilitate the breeding of barley cultivars under the changing global climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental stage-specific disruption of iron allocation by a ZmYSL2 mutation in maize.","authors":"Yikai Wang, Kunfeng Zhang, Chuang An, Jiayi Liu, Hongmei Hu, Duo Shi, Jiaxin Shi, Keyu Zhao, Dan Liu, Ling Wu, Xiao Zhang, Bowen Luo, Shiqiang Gao, Duojiang Gao, Shibin Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04968-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04968-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The ZmYSL2 mutation causes abnormal iron distribution in tissues of maize o213 mutants, disrupting iron transport during the V9/12D developmental stage while simultaneously reducing iron transport efficiency. Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants. This study demonstrates that the ZmYSL2 mutation alters the distribution of iron within plants. The iron content in the roots of the o213 mutant exhibited a peak at the R1 stage, yet remained significantly lower than that of G213 throughout the developmental process. The mutant exhibited a significantly higher kernel iron content in comparison to G213 at all developmental stages. However, iron content in both the embryo and the endosperm was significantly reduced. In addition, the correlation between iron content in source and sink tissues was reversed in the mutant in comparison with G213. The mutant roots and internodes exhibited a decline in Fe transport efficiency and content. Collectively, these results indicate that the ZmYSL2 gene is crucial for the normal coordination of Fe allocation between nutrient and reproductive tissues during maize growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent roles of Arp2/3 complex and RIC4 protein in the control of epidermal cell shape.","authors":"Judith García-González, Lenka Havelková, Erica Bellinvia, Israel Corrales, Přemysl Pejchar, Martin Potocký, Kateřina Schwarzerová","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04976-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04976-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Our results show that RIC4 and the Arp2/3 complex function largely independently in the control of pavement cell shape. Genetic analyses indicate that they act in parallel rather than in one signaling cascade. We further demonstrate that RIC4 functions as a negative regulator of lobe formation, as its loss increases cell shape complexity whereas its overexpression increases cell circularity. RIC4-induced cell shape changes occur even in the absence of a functional Arp2/3 complex, excluding Arp2/3 as a downstream effector of RIC4 or ROP signaling. Finally, 22 no correlation between cortical actin dynamics and cell shape phenotypes was detected, which suggests that global actin dynamics alone cannot explain pavement cell morphogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether a Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain-containing protein 4 (RIC4) that functions as an effector of ROP GTPases, and the Arp2/3 complex, an actin nucleator, functionally cooperate in controlling the shape of Arabidopsis cotyledon epidermal cells. The combination of knock-out mutants demonstrated that loss of RIC4 and loss of the Arp2/3 complex results in completely opposite epidermal cell shape phenotypes. The double knock-out (KO) mutation phenotype is similar to the Arp2/3 mutation, and the effect of RIC4 loss is completely eliminated. Analysis of overexpression revealed that excess RIC4 significantly suppresses the formation of pavement cell lobes. However, RIC4 does not require an active Arp2/3 complex for this effect. Our data further show that overexpression of RIC4 has a specific actin stabilization effect in cotyledon epidermal cells. Interestingly, while RIC4 overexpression induced actin stabilization and reduced cell-shape complexity, the loss of Arp2/3 with a similar cell-shape phenotype did not show reduced actin dynamics. In conclusion, RIC4 and the Arp2/3 complex do not share the same signaling pathway in the control of cotyledon epidermal cell shape.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden elevation of carbon dioxide concentration causes perturbation of the electron transport chain and triggers defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Danial Shokouhi, Jakob Sebastian Hernandez, Dirk Walther, Gabriele Kepp, Serena Schwenkert, Dario Leister, Jürgen Gremmels, Ellen Zuther, Jessica Alpers, Thomas Nägele, Arnd G Heyer","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04958-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04958-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Arabidopsis wildtype plants suffer symptoms of stress at a sudden increase in CO₂ concentration, resulting from perturbation of photosynthetic electron transport. Defense-related gene induction includes increased methionine cycle and glucosinolates metabolism. Elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) increases photosynthetic performance of plants, but also leads to decreased nitrogen-to-carbon ratio and a long-term decline in photosynthetic activity, known as photosynthetic acclimation. It is unclear whether initially increased CO₂ assimilation or perturbation of the physiological homeostasis triggers acclimation. Here, we used a combination of omics analysis to investigate immediate (1 day) and delayed (7 days) responses of plants to rising atmospheric CO₂, thus allowing us to discriminate regulatory from metabolic effects. Responses of wildtype Arabidopsis plants, Columbia-0, were compared to those of the hpr1-1 mutant of peroxisomal hydroxy-pyruvate reductase that has reduced photorespiratory turnover at ambient CO₂. Comparisons enabled separating the impact of eCO₂ (1000 ppm) on increased carbon assimilation from that of reduced photorespiration. While both genotypes had elevated sugar levels at eCO₂, the wildtype displayed symptoms of stress that were accompanied by perturbation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. These were consistent with physiological parameters, including non-photochemical quenching and chlorophyll fluorescence. The induction of defense-related mechanisms was tightly associated with increased sulfate assimilation, methionine cycle activity and glucosinolates metabolism, all being early responses of the wildtype to eCO_2. Transcriptome data pointed to hexokinase1 as a central regulatory hub in orchestrating these responses. In contrast, eCO₂ enabled the hpr1-1 mutant to metabolically align with the wildtype. Results offer new interpretations of how the impairment of carbon and nitrogen recycling is compensated in the hpr1-1 mutant.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12992464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought-induced anatomical changes in roots and hypocotyls of Westar summer rape Brassica napus L. plants reduce Verticillium longisporum disease severity.","authors":"Shruti Kashyap, Harmeet Chawla, Sean Walkowiak, Claudio Stasolla","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04977-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04977-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Severe drought stress reduces the susceptibility of B. napus plants to Verticillium longisporum infection. Plants often face combined abiotic and biotic challenges impairing growth and productivity. The effects of water stress on infectivity of Verticillium longisporum, a host-specific vascular fungus, were investigated in the susceptible summer rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivar Westar. Plants were root inoculated with V. longisporum and subsequently grown under control water conditions (field capacity, FC), or under moderate (60% FC) or severe (30% FC) water stress. Severe, but not moderate, water stress decreased V. longisporum disease symptoms and delayed the acropetal progression of the fungus from the roots to the leaves. These effects were associated with the formation of apoplastic barriers which included localized thickening of cell walls and suberinization of the epidermis and endodermis in the roots, as well as precocious development of a suberized peridermal layer in the hypocotyl. Microscopic visualization of Verticillium colonization revealed that these barriers hindered the progression of the fungus within the host tissues. Unlike FC conditions, where the fungus advanced uniformly through root and hypocotyl tissues before invading the vasculature and occluding vessel elements, colonization of 30% FC plants was delayed by the suberized epidermis, endodermis, and periderm. Consequently, access of the pathogen to the xylem and its spread to the above-ground organs were limited. The importance of suberin during V. longisporum colonization was further tested in transgenic Arabidopsis lines with varying levels of root suberin. Disease symptoms and presence of fungal DNA in shoots were generally exacerbated in suberin-deficient lines and mitigated in those over-accumulating suberin. Collectively these results suggest that severe water stress reduces disease symptoms in B. napus plants inoculated with V. longisporum, and that formation of suberized barriers might be an adaptive strategy to limit disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt stress and the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella) infestation reprograms barley nitrogen metabolism via nitric oxide signaling.","authors":"Jakub Graska, Justyna Fidler-Jarkowska, Ewa Muszyńska, Marta Gietler, Małgorzata Nykiel, Beata Prabucka, Mariusz Lewandowski, Mateusz Labudda","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04979-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04979-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Salinity (NaCl) and wheat curl mite infestation profoundly alter nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in barley, with NaCl dose-dependent responses indicating that nitrogen metabolism is fine-tuned through NO-signaling pathways. Nitric oxide (NO) serves as a multifaceted regulator in plants' responses to environmental stress, acting as both a signaling molecule and a protective agent, while also exhibiting potential harmful effects. Our study investigated NO metabolism in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants under salinity (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl) and wheat curl mite (WCM) infestation, exposed to either single stressor or both stressors simultaneously. To accomplish our objectives, we adopted an integrated approach that combines biochemical, molecular, and microscopic techniques. We found that these stressors influence the production of NO and its subcellular distribution. Both nitrate reductase (NR) and non-enzymatic processes contribute to the production of NO. Under combined stress (50 mM NaCl + WCM), NO molecules were detected in the cytoplasm, vacuoles, and chloroplasts, along with elevated NR activity. NO fluorescence in cell walls suggests its role in the apoplastic response of barley under dual stress, which induced a probable synergistic effect caused by salinity and WCM effectors. Upregulation of alternative oxidase AOX and phytoglobin Pgb gene expression, along with decreased activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), in all combinations indicates sophisticated regulation of NO metabolism through transcriptional and enzymatic mechanisms. The accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosines under high salinity and dual stress points to increased nitro-oxidative stress. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of a 100 mM NaCl salinity dose was demonstrated on WCM reproduction. Altogether, these findings provide a mechanistic framework for exploiting NO-related pathways as potential targets in breeding or biotechnological strategies aimed at improving barley tolerance to combined abiotic-biotic stress conditions, while simultaneously limiting pest performance under salinity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Enhancement of Apiaceae pre‑germination embryo growth, mericarp ageing resilience and germination differs between hormone, gas plasma, and hydropriming technologies.","authors":"Lena M M Fatelnig, Matthew Walker, Giles Grainge, James E Hourston, Sue Kennedy, Veronika Turečková, Ondřej Novák, Danuše Tarkowská, Miroslav Strnad, Kazumi Nakabayashi, Tina Steinbrecher, Gerhard Leubner-Metzger","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04966-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04966-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12988894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147459300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenate interaction in plants: from molecules to the whole plant level.","authors":"Shivani Mishra, Samiksha Singh, Rajiv Dwivedi, Prasanta K Dash, Bing Song Zheng, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Ravi Gupta, Vijay Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04953-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04953-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Arsenate [As(V)] is a highly toxic metalloid widely present in the environment. This review compiles present overview of As(V) effects on plants and possible mitigation strategies encompassing recent literature. Arsenate [As(V)] is a highly toxic metalloid widely present in the environment. It significantly reduces plant yield and is detrimental to human health. Due to its chemical similarity to phosphate, As(V) is readily taken up by plants through the phosphate transport system. Studies have shown that As(V) toxicity affects plants at various levels, from molecular to whole-plant scale. Though the interaction of As(V) with plant metabolism has been compiled in earlier studies a decade ago, a recent and focused synthesis of literature devoted specifically to arsenate As(V) interaction with plants and its impacts has still not been compiled. This review, therefore, presents an up-to-date overview of As(V) effects on plants and possible mitigation strategies encompassing recent literature. From studies, it is clear that As(V) stress involves a complex signaling network comprising intrinsically interconnected systems such as transporters, genes, antioxidants, phytohormones, gasotransmitters, etc. that regulate As(V) tolerance and plant productivity. Therefore, these components represent promising targets for engineering As(V)-resistant crop plants with higher productivity and minimal arsenic accumulation in edible parts of vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Further, a deeper understanding of these processes will be fundamental for stabilizing plant productivity, ensuring food safety, and reducing environmental arsenic contamination effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147459373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simplified RUBY reporter-enabled hairy-root system for rapid evaluation of genome editing and gene function in grapevine.","authors":"Chong Ren, Yanping Lin, Mohamed Salaheldin Mokhtar Mohamed, Chencong Liu, Zhenchang Liang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04978-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04978-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The simplified RUBY represents an efficient reporter for monitoring plant transformation and, when combined with hairy-root system in grapevine, can facilitate the application of novel CRISPR technologies and gene functional study. Monitoring successful transformation events is essential for plant transformation and genome editing. The development and application of the RUBY reporter enable effective selection of transformation events based solely on distinct red pigmentation. Here, we report that a simplified version of RUBY (siRUBY), lacking the glucosyltransferase gene, also functions effectively as a visual selection marker for plant transformation. Furthermore, the siRUBY-assisted hairy-root system was established as a rapid and efficient platform for evaluating activity of adenine base editor (ABE) in grapevine. Targeted A-to-G base editing was achieved using ABE8e, with an average efficiency of approximately 14%. Moreover, this platform is also suitable for functional investigation of genes of interest. Knockout of the MYB4a gene promoted lignin deposition, likely through upregulating key lignin biosynthesis genes while repressing transcription of downstream flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that siRUBY coupled with grapevine hairy roots provides a robust platform for rapid and efficient genome editing in grapevine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147459356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular orchestration and health implications of fruit pigmentation: from metabolic pathways to nutritional quality.","authors":"Kexin Chen, Yueyue Lu, Jiamei Yang, Xiaoyan Yang, Feng Xu, Jiabao Ye","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04973-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04973-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The color of fruits is determined by the metabolic balance of chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins. This process is regulated in multiple ways and is closely related to human health, providing a theoretical basis for quality breeding and nutritional development. The external appearance of fruit serves as a direct visual manifestation of internally accumulated secondary metabolites, including anthocyanins, carotenoids, and chlorophylls, effectively acting as a \"visual carrier\" for these compounds. These pigments confer distinctive morphological characteristics to fruits, with their composition and concentration not only providing consumers with immediate cues regarding freshness and edibility but also closely correlating with fruit maturity and flavor quality. In recent years, the physiological activities associated with these pigments-such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects-and their implications for human health have garnered significant attention within the fields of plant physiology, food science, and nutrition. This paper systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit coloration, the regulatory networks involved, and the associated health benefits. Fruit color is primarily determined by the metabolic balance of pigments, including flavonoids (notably anthocyanins), carotenoids, and chlorophylls. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is precisely regulated by transcription factors such as the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex; carotenoid accumulation depends on the coordinated action of key enzymes like PSY and PDS alongside transcription factors including AP2/ERF and WRKY; meanwhile, chlorophyll degradation is modulated by factors such as ethylene and NAC proteins. Environmental stimuli and phytohormones influence pigment synthesis by modulating enzyme activities and gene expression, thereby participating in a complex network of genetic and environmental interactions that govern color regulation. The diversity of fruit coloration arises not only from variations in pigment types and concentrations-for example, red fruits are rich in anthocyanins, whereas orange-yellow fruits accumulate carotenoids-but also from the significant bioactive potential of these compounds in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory functions and in the prevention of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. This review seeks to identify molecular targets pertinent to the targeted breeding of fruit quality through an analysis of the genetic regulatory hierarchy governing pigment metabolism, environmental response mechanisms, and the correlation patterns between coloration and nutritional attributes. Furthermore, it aims to establish a theoretical framework to support the development and application of plant-derived bioactive compounds within the health industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147459361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}