Planta最新文献

{"title":"A survey: to identify plant leaf diseases by feature extraction methods and classification techniques.","authors":"Karan Soni, Rakesh Chandra Gangwar","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04797-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04797-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>This survey concludes that CNN-based deep learning models offer opportunities for early and accurate plant disease detection, supporting sustainable agriculture while acknowledging potential challenges in practical real-world application. Deep learning (DL) methods have transformed image-based plant disease diagnosis by addressing complex challenges specific to crop health monitoring in agriculture. The automated identification and classification of plant disease from images have significant interest, which can be expected to increase crop health monitoring and agricultural productivity. Yet, notwithstanding these benefits, image-based identification of plant diseases is a sophisticated challenge. Proper identification of certain plant varieties and proper determination of disease manifestations are key factors in the administration of effective care and sustainable management of disease. In this research paper an extensive overview Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is implemented using deep learning method for disease detection in plants. This article focuses particularly on highlighting recent research achievements by the last half-decade emphasizing CNN-based models constructed for detecting plant leaf disease. The survey delves into key innovations, methods, and issues faced with the application of CNNs to monitor plant health. Specifically, it highlights the manner in which deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), learned using large-scale image databases, are becoming effective means of early and precise detection of plant diseases. Lastly, this paper charts exciting future directions for DL-aided plant disease diagnosis, while providing a balanced critique of the potential, as well as the limitations of CNNs in practical agricultural contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 4","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular evolution of chloroplast genome in Triumfetta (Grewioideae, Malvaceae).","authors":"Rushan Yan, Yujie Zeng, Chengyu Chen, Abdur Rab, Hui Li, Raza Ullah, Madiha Islam, Ying Cui, Mengyang Liu, Xiaoxuan Tian","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04795-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04795-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>This study provides insights into the chloroplast genome evolution of Triumfetta, identifies polymorphic loci for molecular marker development, and offers preliminary phylogenomic evidence on the evolutionary relationships within the genus. The genus Triumfetta Plum. ex L. (Grewioideae, Malvaceae) is a pantropical group comprising approximately 177 species. Despite its diversity, its chloroplast (cp) genomics remain unstudied. To investigate evolutionary dynamics and phylogenetic relationships within Triumfetta, complete cp genomes of eight species were de novo assembled and compared with two publicly available genomes. These cp genomes were 160,075 to 160,604 base pairs (bp) long and consisted of a large single-copy region (89,006-89,386 bp), a small single-copy region (20,142-20,266 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb, 25,440-25,498 bp), encoding 112 unique genes (78 protein-coding, 30 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA). Comparative analyses showed high similarity in GC content, IR contraction/expansion, codon usage, substitution patterns, and repeat structures. An inversion was identified in the LSC region of Triumfetta tomentosa, reversing six genes: trnC, petN, psbM, trnD, trnY, and trnE, without gene loss. Six genes (psbK, rpl20, rpl23, rps16, rps7, and ycf2) showed signatures of positive selection, suggesting potential roles in adaptation. Ten polymorphic loci were identified across intergenic and coding regions, including trnR-atpA, rpl33-rps18, ccsA-ndhD, clpP, rpl22, and ycf1, representing useful markers for DNA barcoding and population genetics. Phylogenetic analysis revealed Triumfetta is monophyletic and closely related to Corchorus L. Triumfetta species formed two distinct clades, reflecting a clear biogeographic divergence: one comprising African and Asian species, and the other consisting exclusively of Australian species. This study provides the first insights into cp genome variation and phylogenetic relationships in Triumfetta, offering resources for further phylogenetic, barcoding, and conservation research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 4","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of corynanthe synthases in Camptotheca acuminata: medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase-based gateway to corynanthe-type compound diversification.","authors":"Van-Hung Bui, Tuan-Anh Minh Nguyen, Truc Kim, Shenyu Liu, Benedikt Seligmann, Parandis Daneshgar, Trinh-Don Nguyen, Wesley F Zandberg, Jakob Franke, Thu-Thuy T Dang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04792-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04792-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>We combined bioinformatic analysis with in vitro biochemical assays to identify and characterize six medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) enzymes involved in corynanthe alkaloid biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata. Camptotheca acuminata, commonly known as the happy tree, is a medicinal plant from the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs)-rich Nyssaceae family. In this study, we combined bioinformatic analysis and biochemical investigations to identify new enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of corynanthe alkaloids, an MIA subgroup, in C. acuminata. We identified six medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) enzymes, four of which catalyze the formation of diverse simple corynanthe alkaloids. Structural modeling of the two newly identified enzymes, namely CaMDR1 and CaMDR2, revealed key active-site residues Ser52 and Ser55/His55, crucial for their product profiles. The identification of these new corynanthe synthases further advances our understanding of the formation and diversification of corynanthe alkaloids and MIAs in happy tree and related species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 4","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144848285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuolar compartments preserved among loosely packed amyloplasts account for heat-induced rice chalky formation under low nitrogen conditions.","authors":"Yuto Hatakeyama, Kenichi Wakamatsu, Akio Tanaka, Taku Tanogashira, Hiroshi Nonami, Hiroshi Nakano, Hiroshi Wada","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04793-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04793-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The regulation of vacuolar compartmentation and protein synthesis during the early ripening stage might be responsible for rice appearance at high temperature. High temperature at the early ripening stage disrupts protein synthesis to arrest starch and storage protein accumulation in the rice endosperms, leading to the occurrence of chalky kernels (CK), such as white-back kernels (WBK) and basal-white kernels (BWK). In contrast, adequate nitrogen (N) application might sustain protein synthesis and reduce chalky kernels. These processes might be associated with the regulation of vacuolar compartmentation and protein synthesis during heat adaptation, yet the exact cellular dynamics behind the reduction of endosperm air space when applying N have not been examined in the fields. In this study, plants at different N levels were treated under the same high temperatures in the fields and morphological analysis were carried out to examine the time course of changes in organelles compartmentation during the N-enhanced mitigation process. Light and transmission electron microscopic observations were conducted at dorsal and basal endosperm cells, at which chalky formation was presumed to occur under low N conditions during kernel development at high temperature. Results show that CK reached 25.0% in no N-applied plants under heat, whereas N treatment contrastingly decreased CK formation down to 10.7%. In the mature kernels, the areas of chalky cells, amyloplasts, and protein bodies (PBs) were smaller in chalky cells, compared with translucent cells. At the middle ripening stage, volumetric enlargement of protein storage vacuole concomitant with the arrested amyloplast development were both observed in the putative growing chalky cells, resulting in the formation of CK at the late ripening stage. In contrast, N application ameliorated the effect on rice appearance by diminishing the vacuolar size and enhancing protein synthesis to ensure cell size and amyloplast and PB development, increasing the transparency. Therefore, it is proposed that regulation of vacuolar compartmentation and protein synthesis at the ripening stage might be responsible for rice appearance under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 4","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation in key physiological traits improved ROS scavenging and salinity tolerance amelioration in rice and tomato inoculated with halotolerant rhizobacteria Providencia rettgeri ST202.","authors":"Zarin Taj, B Chithradevi, Kavya Bakka, Dinakar Challabathula","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04800-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04800-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Halotolerant rhizospheric bacteria Providencia rettgeri ST202 positively modulated the changes in stomatal, mesophyll, and biochemical limitations, fine-tuning photosynthesis, photorespiration, ROS, and antioxidants in rice and tomato plants for improved salinity tolerance. Soil salinity is detrimental for survival of majority of crops, since increased salt disrupts root water uptake, induces cellular ion toxicity ultimately leading to drastic decrease in crop yields. In the current study, inoculation of Providencia rettgeri ST202, a halotolerant rhizospheric bacteria isolated from rhizospheric soil of salt pan areas, resulted in plant growth-promoting traits along with improvement in growth of Oryza sativa and Lycopersicon esculentum plants under normal and salinity stress (S2: 200 mM and S4: 400 mM NaCl) conditions prompting us to evaluate changes in physiological and biochemical parameters, photosynthesis, photorespiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidants. Compared to uninoculated plants, improved relative water content, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and antioxidant levels were observed along with decreased electrolyte leakage and ROS in ST202 inoculated rice and tomato plants suggesting better protection under control and salinity stress. While salinity stress severely impacted photosynthesis under different light intensities and different CO₂ levels in uninoculated plants, ST202 inoculated plants have higher photosynthetic rates. Spider plot comparison of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters revealed superior performance of ST202 inoculated plants. The mesophyll conductance and chloroplastic CO₂ concentration were maintained at higher level in ST202 inoculated plants showing alterations in limitation in stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and biochemical limitation suggesting beneficial modulation by PGPR for improving photosynthesis under salt stress conditions. Our results indicated modulation of key photosynthetic processes along with significant reduction in ROS by the halotolerant PGPR P. rettgeri ST202 towards enhanced salinity stress tolerance of rice and tomato plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 4","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of ionizing radiation for crop improvement.","authors":"Stanislav Geras'kin, Ekaterina Bondarenko, Sofia Bitarishvili","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04796-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04796-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Plant irradiation could be a promising approach to fulfill the food need of the constantly increasing world population within the ever-changing climate. A fast increase in the population, an ever-changing climate, as well as a decrease in the quantity and quality of areas suitable for farming impose challenges on agriculture. There is growing understanding that under current conditions, based on conventional methods farming is less effective and is not able to meet the food demands of the growing global population. This review focuses on radiation technologies, the success of which depends on a clear understanding of plant biology. The use of ionizing radiation to stimulate plant development and the application of radiation mutagenesis to crop improvement is discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the methodology of combined use of radiation mutagenesis and genome editing to increase the efficiency of plant breeding. In this case, ionizing radiation acts as a tool for searching for candidate genes involved in resistance to abiotic stressors or determinants of plant productivity. This review highlights that precision-guided ionizing radiation, when applied with calibrated protocols, can enhance crop yield, stress adaptability, and resilience. By bridging mechanistic insights with practical applications, this review underscores the potential of nuclear-assisted plant breeding to address food security in an era of environmental uncertainty, offering a roadmap for future advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 3","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional prevailing wind directions cannot explain the global east facing of mature sunflower inflorescences: testing a hypothesis using wind data.","authors":"Enikő Rajna, Tamás Weidinger, Gábor Horváth","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04794-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04794-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Our finding that mature sunflower inflorescences face east independently of the prevailing wind direction shows that the wind is an unimportant environmental factor in the orientation of sunflower heads. According to a biomechanical hypothesis, the constant east facing of mature sunflower inflorescences may be caused by the local average prevailing wind blowing nearly from west to east, because such winds could force the sunflower head to turn approximately eastward due to the torque (turning-moment) exerted by the air drag. In this work we test this hypothesis, using the wind data of Hungary, Europe and the USA originating from the ERA5 MONTHLY database averaged for the May-August breeding-season of sunflowers and the periods 2014-2023, 2004-2023, 1974-2023 and 1940-2023. For the longest averaging period 1940-2023, we found that the percentage f of regions with average prevailing wind direction α pointing nearly to the geographical east α = 0° ± 15° in the area of Hungary, Europe and the USA without larger water surfaces and mountains is f = 2.6 ± 5.8%, 11.4 ± 5.0% and 13.7 ± 2.8%, respectively. This means that the average prevailing wind could turn approximately eastward (α = 0° ± 15°) the sunflower inflorescences only in very small parts of the three studied regions. Since the majority of mature sunflower inflorescences orient everywhere nearly to the geographical east, the hypothesis in question is not supported by our findings, because the mentioned meteorological prerequisite is not fulfilled.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 3","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression analysis and halting of ethylene receptors signaling pinpoint ethylene as a positive regulator of direct somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica.","authors":"Natalia Gomes Vieira, Cesar Augusto Nascimento, Ilse Fernanda Ferrari, Mariana Silva Sartorello, Juliana Costa de Rezende, Daniela de Argollo Marques, Angelo Pedro Jacomino, Julieta Andrea Silva de Almeida, Jorge Maurício Costa Mondego","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04798-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04798-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Ethylene acts as a positive regulator of Coffea arabica direct somatic embryogenesis when using leaves as explants. Ethylene is a gaseous growth regulator synthesized by plants, acting on senescence and biotic and abiotic stress responses. It has also been associated with fruit ripening, carotenoid and anthocyanin accumulation, and embryogenesis. However, the role of ethylene during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis is not entirely elucidated. In this work, we aimed to investigate the role of early ethylene signaling during embryogenesis in Coffea arabica, one of the most important commercial plants. Thorough morphological and gene expression analyses were performed during fruit development and direct somatic embryogenesis (DSE). In addition, tissue culture explants in sealed flasks were used to evaluate the ethylene production during DSE. The genes encoding the ethylene receptors Ethylene Receptor 1 (ETR1), Ethylene Receptor 2 (ETR2), Ethylene Response Sensor 1 (ERS1), and Ethylene Insensitive 4 (EIN4) and one gene encoding the enzyme responsible for ethylene synthesis 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic oxidase (ACO) are expressed during direct somatic embryogenesis (DSE) and in zygotic embryogenesis during fruit development, each having a different gene expression profile. The addition of silver nitrate, an inhibitor of ethylene signaling, to tissue culture medium, positively influenced on pro-embryogenic mass formation but harmed embryo formation, suggesting that ethylene is involved in DSE in C. arabica. In addition, we confirmed ethylene production by leaf explants during DSE. Overall, we suggest that ethylene is an important positive regulator of direct somatic embryogenesis in C. arabica. We discuss the participation of ethylene perception in embryonic development and its connection to cytokinin and explant wounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 3","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Genome-wide association studies unveil candidate genes linked with fruit fiber traits in Calotropis procera.","authors":"Hari Shankar Gadri, Vikas Sharma, Mohammed Asif Chowdhary, Sarbani Roy, Rohini Dwivedi, Pankaj Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04791-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04791-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 3","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of hidden architects to salt stress.","authors":"P B Kavi Kishor, Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu, K R S Sambasiva Rao, Vidhi J Sapara, S Anil Kumar, Prashanth Singam, T D Nikam, Nese Sreenivasulu","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04787-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04787-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The molecular mechanisms involved in root architecture is crucial for developing crops with better salt stress tolerance are reviewed. Unraveling the intricate salt tolerance mechanisms is crucial to developing crop plants that can survive and produce superior yields. Soil salinity impacts predominantly root and shoot growth, thereby diminishing the final yields. Salt stress incites far-reaching consequences at the root meristem level. Hence it is essential to delineate the alterations in root anatomy resulting from salt stress and maintenance of the root meristem is essential for plants to achieve stress tolerance. This review addresses the contemporary comprehension of salinity and the adverse conditions under which plants thrive by regulating root tropism (halotropism), fluctuations in apoplastic pH, and their effects on root response outcomes, as well as the hormonal modulation of root growth and architecture. The complex interplay of auxin crosstalk with ABA and other hormones in conferring salt tolerance has been discussed. The position-dependent signaling events and feedback loops regulated through specific transcription factors that are critical for root remodeling and stress mitigation have been highlighted. The insights thus far generated may help to develop strategies for breeding crop plants with desired salt-tolerant traits with higher productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 3","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}