Planta最新文献

{"title":"Silicon modulation of sugarcane seedling growth and disease resistance against Nigrospora oryzae: a transcriptomic and metabolomic approach.","authors":"Huifang Luo, Ahmad Yusuf Abubakar, Qianqi Lu, Sheidu Abdullaziz, Muhammed Mustapha Ibrahim, Nyumah Fallah, Pinghua Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04693-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04693-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Silicon application at a concentration of 2 mM induced sugarcane resistance to Nigrospora oryzae by upregulating pathogen recognition and defense genes, thus increasing plant metabolic activities and productivity. Sugarcane is an important global food and industrial crop, but numerous pathogens threaten its productivity. Our team recently identified the fungus Nigrospora oryzae as a pathogen affecting sugarcane's growth and productivity. Although silicon supplementation is active against most fungi, it remains unclear if it would enhance the resilience of sugarcane to N. oryzae, and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are yet to be explored. In this study, we explored the effects of four silicon concentrations (control, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 4 mM) on the growth and disease resistance of seedlings of the sugarcane variety ROC22 under fungal stress. Employing an integrative approach combining detailed phenotypic analysis with transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, we elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms of silicon's protective effects. Results indicated that optimal concentrations (2 mM) of silicon enhanced disease resistance and significantly improved plant height, root characteristics, and enzymatic activities. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an upregulation of genes (826) involved in pathogen recognition and defensive response, while metabolomic analysis highlighted alterations in metabolic pathways pertinent to stress response. These findings suggest that silicon supplementation could effectively bolster sugarcane's defense against fungal diseases, offering new insights into its role in plant pathology and paving the way for developing more resilient crop varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 6","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular cell clusters and calcium oxalate crystals: critical players in Solanaceae anther dehiscence.","authors":"Jing Liu, Shiyi Wu, Hongyong Shi","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04701-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04701-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Circular cell clusters in Solanaceae anthers, crucial for pollen release, influence anther opening through coordinated development, programmed cell death, and calcium oxalate crystal dynamics. Circular cell clusters (CCCs), which are specialised crystal idioblasts, represent unique anatomical structures in Solanaceae anthers. These clusters may impact anther dehiscence through precisely coordinated developmental processes and programmed cell death (PCD). The dynamic metabolism of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals within CCCs likely contributes to PCD signalling. Although many factors, such as phytohormones, anther wall mechanics, and dehydration processes, influence anther dehiscence, it is increasingly clear that the CaOx crystals in CCCs are important for the timely degradation of CCCs and stomium cells. This review summarises the current understanding of the functions of CCCs in Solanaceae, highlighting their multifaceted roles in plant reproduction. A deeper comprehension of these mechanisms may provide insights for innovative crop improvement strategies. Similar structures in other plant families indicate a conserved evolutionary strategy for anther dehiscence across angiosperms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 6","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete mitochondrial genome of Medicago sativa ssp. falcata (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae): characterization and phylogenetic analysis.","authors":"Taiyou Ou, Zinian Wu, Qian Liu, Chunyu Tian, Yanting Yang, Lemeng Liu, Maowei Guo, Zhiyong Li","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04698-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04698-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The first mitogenome of Medicago sativa ssp. falcata complete assembly and a comparative analysis of the four Medicago species base on mitogenome reveal taxonomic insights. Medicago sativa ssp. falcata is primarily distributed in the northern part of the geographical range where alfalfa grows and is a subspecies of the Medicago sativa complex (also called Mediacago falacta). However, compared to M. sativa, M. falcata has better performance in cold resistance and drought tolerance, making it a high-quality gene source for the breeding improvement of Medicago species. We sequenced and assembled the mitochondrial genome of M. falcata with a length of 307,026 bp and successfully annotated 50 genes, of which nad2 exhibited high nucleotide polymorphism in four Medicago species. A total of 197 RNA-editing sites were predicted across 24 protein-coding genes, with alterations at these editing sites resulting in a substantial number of leucine-coding sites, which is consistent with the results of codon usage bias. In addition, we conducted a horizontal comparison of four types of Medicago, including Medicago truncatula, and found that repetitive sequences in their mitogenomes exhibited consistent distribution characteristics. Phylogenetic trees generated through two methods indicated the independent genetic status of M. falcata within the Medicago genus and its partial kinship relationships within the Fabaceae family. The analysis of non-synonymous and synonymous substitution rates of shared protein-coding genes in different plants, along with gene transfer results, suggests that the mitogenome of M. falcata evolved smoothly without showing phases of intense change. This study provides useful information for further understanding the genetic background of M. falcata, with the expectation of contributing to the genomic mining and utilization of germplasm resources in the Medicago genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 6","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of α-amylase and endosperm-imposed seed dormancy: two pioneering papers in gibberellin research.","authors":"Peter Hedden","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04699-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04699-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Two papers with quite different objectives established protocols that proved pivotal for future work on the role of gibberellins in seed germination. In their paper published in 1967, Russell Jones and Joseph Varner (Planta 72: 155-161) developed a bioassay based on induction of α-amylase activity in barley embryo-less half-seeds that was specific for bioactive gibberellins. The induction of α-amylase in the aleurone of barley and other cereals was to become the experimental system of choice to study gibberellin signalling. However, despite much progress in identifying the molecular events linking gibberellin action and α-amylase gene expression, in many cases their role in the process is still unclear. In 1987, Steven Groot and Cees Karssen (Planta 171:525-531) showed that germination of tomato seeds was limited by the ability of the radicle to penetrate the surrounding layers, with the endosperm forming the major barrier. They used a modified needle attached to a tensiometer to measure the force required to break through the endosperm. While in wild-type seeds, a factor from the embryo, assumed to be gibberellin, promoted breakdown of the endosperm, gibberellin-deficient seeds required an external supply of the hormone to weaken the endosperm or for it to be mechanically disrupted for germination to occur. The paradigm of seed germination being physically restricted by surrounding layers and the role of gibberellin in weakening these tissues has been confirmed in many eudicot species. Gibberellin signalling induces the production of cell-wall loosening enzymes in the micropylar endosperm adjacent to the radicle, but it is unclear whether or not this is a direct response. In both eudicot and monocot systems, there is still much to learn about the role of gibberellin signalling in germination.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 6","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspartic proteases from Silybum marianum: different plant-specific inserts, different destinations.","authors":"M Laura Colombo, Agustina Fernández, Constanza S Liggieri, Pablo Tornero, Laura S Bakás, Sandra E Vairo-Cavalli","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04696-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04696-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Plant-specific inserts (PSIs) are supposed to direct typical aspartic peptidase (AP) to the vacuole. Two typical AP precursors possess distinct PSIs. One PSI directs the peptidase to the vacuole, while the other cannot. Typical plant aspartic peptidases (APs) are proteolytic enzymes unique to plants. What distinguishes this group of peptidases is the saposin-like domain known as the plant-specific insert (PSI), which is present in all typical AP zymogens. In this study, we cloned and characterized two novel typical APs from Silybum marianum flowers, designated AP-Sm1 and AP-Sm2. Using in silico analysis and phylogenetic comparisons, we elucidated the structural features of their zymogens, including conserved motifs and catalytic subsites. Our findings suggest that these enzymes originated from the duplication of an ancestral AP gene. Although AP-Sm1 and AP-Sm2 share sequence and structural similarities with other plant APs, they have potential differences in substrate specificity, which may be attributed to variations in the S3, S1', and S3' catalytic subsites. We also identified distinct putative N-glycosylation patterns between the two enzymes, with AP-Sm1 being glycosylated within its PSI domain. This domain has been suggested as a player in environmental adaptation and may influence the trafficking of typical AP zymogens through the secretory pathway. We observed differences in the subcellular localization of mRFP-fused AP-Sm1 and AP-Sm2 when the C-terminal vacuolar sorting determinant (ctVSD) was non-functional. While AP-Sm2 localized to the vacuole, AP-Sm1 was detected in the apoplast. As suggested by other authors, the differential glycosylation profile within PSI domains might modulate intracellular trafficking, potentially contributing to its distinct localization pattern. These findings highlight the potential of AP PSIs as valuable models for further studies on protein trafficking mechanisms in plant cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 6","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analysis deciphers the mechanism underlying rapid xylem growth in the dominant hybrid poplar QB3.","authors":"Weiwei Wang, Xing Yang, Senyan Zhang, Kaixi Chen, Jianshe Gao, Yongxue Zhou, Junfeng Fan, Shaofei Tong","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04692-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04692-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Compared with its parents, the heterosis in growth of QB3 is primarily attributed to the upregulation of auxin and brassinosteroid-related genes, as well as the induced expression of numerous xylem and phloem synthesis genes, particularly the accumulation of lignin. Interestingly, QB3 significantly increased resistance to gray mold, which may be related to anthocyanin accumulation. Our findings illuminate the complex interplay of biological mechanisms that govern the regulation of wood growth and resistance. Poplar, as a fast-growing energy species widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, has important ecological and economic value. The hybridization of poplars is very common and often can bring to the progeny superior growth and resilience traits, but the molecular mechanism of heterosis remains to be studied. Through decades of crossbreeding work, a high-growth rate hybrid offspring named QinBai3 (QB3) was selected from P. alba × (P. alba × P. glandulosa), which provided an ideal model for investigating the molecular mechanism of heterosis. We found that the plant height, ground diameter, and xylem thickness of QB3 were much higher than those of I101 and 84 K. Through transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses, we found that the expression levels of poplar regulatory genes associated with vegetative growth, brassinosteroid (BR), and auxin hormone signaling were significantly elevated in July compared to February. Meanwhile, compared to its parents, QB3 exhibited more specifically up-regulated genes in the processes of xylem and phloem synthesis, notably PalOPS and PalPRX52. However, in response to certain abiotic stresses, such as water deprivation and UV-B exposure, more down-regulated genes were identified. Metabolome analyses indicated that QB3 significantly increased the levels of lignin and anthocyanin, a result that aligns with the transcriptome data. Additionally, chemical assays confirmed the substantial accumulation of lignin and anthocyanin in QB3, suggesting that increased lignin accumulation may enhance the stem growth rate of QB3. Surprisingly, QB3 significantly increased resistance to Botrytis cinerea B05.10, which was accompanied by anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, our study offers detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rapid growth and stress resistance in hybrid poplar, thereby providing a new theoretical foundation and practical guidance for forest genetic breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 6","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-endophyte (Epichloë occultans) interaction impacts on annual ryegrasses (Lolium persicum and Lolium rigidum): ecological and breeding implications.","authors":"Mehran Torkian, Mohammad R Sabzalian, Aghafakhr Mirlohi, Christopher L Schardl, Florence Volaire","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04684-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04684-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Grass endophytic symbionts interact with the host depending on the host's genetic background and environmental pressures, aiming for survival. Lolium persicum, a self-pollinating annual grass, is suggested for studying such an interaction. Most grasses host endophytic fungi, co-evolved organisms that can interact with their hosts from antagonism to mutualism. This study examined the impact of mating systems on host-endophyte interactions by utilizing endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) populations of self-pollinating Lolium persicum and open-pollinating Lolium rigidum, collected from three regions of Iran. The evaluations in a pre-breeding process and two experiments were conducted on 1400 plants screened to select 126 half-sib (L. rigidum) and full-sib (L. persicum) families based on a limited space stress, morphological traits, and seed dormancy, respectively. It was found that endophytes generally have a significant and positive effect on reproductive traits and promoting effects in plants to strive for survival. Their impacts were population-dependent, and the E+ plants were superior when a population had higher biomass production and seed yield-related traits. Endophytes help to maintain the host's genetic structure over generations, particularly in L. persicum. In this way, E+ populations exhibited the highest heritability and genetic advance for endophyte-host survival traits such as seed weight, number of seeds, plant height, and days to tillering in both species. In L. persicum, this also included acid-detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, fat content, phosphorus content, number of tillers, and days to emergence. We demonstrated that artificial selection of morphological traits influenced plant-fungal fitness, such that selecting against seed dormancy significantly increased seed shattering but decreased fungal fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 5","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of the SCL gene related to gland formation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).","authors":"Chaofeng Wu, Xuemei Ma, Shuyan Li, Yupeng Cui, Ruifeng Cui, Guoli Song","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04691-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04691-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>GoSCL was involved in the regulation of pigment glands in the stem of cotton. In this study, we identified a transcription factor named GoSCL, which was involved in the regulation of pigment gland in the stem. Silencing of GoSCL decreased not only the number of pigment glands but also the accumulation of gossypol in the stem of the treated plants. GoSCL showed a temporal and spatial pattern of expression in various organs of glanded and glandless cotton plants and demonstrated the inducible expression under exogenous ethylene treatment. The relationship between GoSCL and genes involved in gland formation and gossypol synthesis was also discussed. These results advance our understanding of the molecular basis of cotton gland formation and gossypol synthesis and accelerate the molecular breeding of cotton with low-gossypol seeds and high-gossypol plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 5","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZmYSL2 affects the physiological function of iron deficiency in maize.","authors":"Yikai Wang, Hongmei Hu, Binyang Li, Shuhao Zhang, Lisong Liu, Jingxiao Qi, Wei Zhao, Yulu Su, Yarong Wang, Jin Liu, Dan Liu, Ling Wu, Xiao Zhang, Bowen Luo, Shiqiang Gao, Duojiang Gao, Shihai Zhuo, Shibin Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04695-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04695-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Iron deficiency resulted in reduced sensitivity of the enhanced iron tolerance in maize o213 mutants, affecting pigment synthesis, photosynthesis parameters, sugar content, and iron distribution, with variable expression of the YSL gene. Iron (Fe) is a vital trace element for the growth and development of plants. A deficiency of this element results in the formation of yellow leaves. The present study demonstrated that a mutation in the ZmYSL2 gene resulted in reduced sensitivity of o213 mutant maize seedlings to Fe deficiency. The mutation resulted in a reduction in the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, particularly carotenoids, and a decline in photosynthetic parameters. However, it is noteworthy that the soluble sugar content was increased. The mutant displayed increased iron accumulation in the roots and decreased accumulation in the shoots, accompanied by elevated iron content in the sap of the phloem. The expression pattern of the ZmYSL2 gene demonstrated a correlation between its expression level and the iron deficiency phenotype. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that the ZmYSL2 gene plays a crucial physiological role in enabling maize to adapt to an iron-deficient environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 5","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of phosphorus availabilities on growth and yield of foxtail millet: insights from high-throughput phenotyping platforms.","authors":"Tharanya Murugesan, Sivasakthi Kaliamoorthy, Sunita Choudhary, Keerthi Vysyaraju, Devan Sai Gudela, Annepu Anusha, Kommireddypally Sowmya Goud, Sara Loftus, Michaela A Dippold, Suresh Kanuri, Rekha Baddam, Alison Baker, S Antony Ceasar, Jana Kholova","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04672-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04672-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Foxtail millet performance under low phosphorus (P) is determined by growth potential, with tiller number as a key indicator. Yield is influenced by P dilution rather than total P concentration. Foxtail millet, renowned for its high nutrient content and drought resilience, faces limited breeding investment despite being cultivated in vulnerable agri-systems. Low phosphorus (P) levels affect approximately 50% of global agricultural soils, and particularly impact regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, the latter where foxtail millet is extensively grown. This study explores the effects of low P (< 5 ppm; Hedley Fractionation Method; Cross and Schlesinger 1995) on foxtail millet plant growth and yield-related traits, utilizing high-throughput platforms (HTP) with a selected subset of genotypes (n = 10) from the core collection of ICRISAT Genebank. Results uncover substantial variation in plant growth and agronomical traits at both treatment and genotype levels. Under low-P conditions, genotypic variation is noted, with a sixfold difference in tiller count, 2.4-fold in grain yield, 2.7-fold in 3D-leaf area, and 2.3-fold in root surface area. A significant relationship was found between grain yield under low-P and high-P conditions (R² = 0.65; P < 0.01). This suggests that genetic yield potential (vigor) under high-P conditions strongly influences grain yield and tiller numbers under low-P conditions. Residual grain yield under low-P conditions, not explained by high-P conditions, had a strong positive association with tiller numbers (R² = 0.70; P < 0.01) and showed a significant negative association with total P concentration (R² = 0.54; P < 0.05). Conversely, under high-P conditions, grain yield (GY_LF) from Lysi-Field exhibited significant positive correlations with P use efficiency (PUE) (r = 0.94; P < 0.001) and total biomass (r = 0.84; P < 0.01). These findings underscore the critical role of P availability in influencing grain yield and related traits. Under low-P conditions, performance is primarily driven by growth potential, with tiller number serving as a reliable marker of this potential. The significant genotypic variation observed highlights the importance of selecting for growth-related traits in P-limited environments. In addition, P dilution, rather than total P concentration, appears to play a key role in determining yield under low P. Optimizing P management strategies and breeding for improved growth potential may significantly enhance crop performance in regions facing P limitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"261 5","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}