PlantaPub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04560-6
Kyeong-Ryeol Lee, Mid-Eum Park, Hyun Uk Kim
{"title":"Domestication and engineering of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.): challenges and opportunities for sustainable bio-based feedstocks.","authors":"Kyeong-Ryeol Lee, Mid-Eum Park, Hyun Uk Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04560-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04560-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Pennycress, as an emerging oilseed crop with high oil content, faces challenges but offers potential for sustainable bioproducts; ongoing research aims to enhance its traits and quality. Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is an emerging oilseed crop with many advantages, such as high seed oil (27-39%) and monounsaturated fatty acid (55.6%) content, making it an attractive candidate to produce sustainable bioproducts. However, several challenges are associated with domesticating pennycress, including high silicle shatter, which reduces seed yield during harvest, non-uniformed germination rate and high contents of erucic acid and glucosinolates, which have adverse health effects on humans and animals. Pennycress, which can be easily and rapidly transformed using the floral dip method under vacuum, can achieve trait improvements. Ongoing research for pennycress domestication using mutation breeding, including ethylmethylsulfonate treatment and genome editing, aims to improve its quality. Pennycress can be used as an excellent platform for producing industrially important fatty acids such as hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid. In conclusion, pennycress is a promising oilseed crop with multiple advantages and potential applications. Continuous improvements in quality and engineering for producing high-value bio-based feedstocks in pennycress will establish it as a sustainable and economically valuable crop.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 6","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic analysis unveils candidate genes associated with sugarcane growth rate.","authors":"Yegeng Fan, Huiwen Zhou, Haifeng Yan, Aomei Li, Lihang Qiu, Zhongfeng Zhou, Yuchi Deng, Rongfa Chen, Jianming Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04555-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04555-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) growth is regulated by intricate gene networks and hormone secretions, positively correlating with sugarcane yield. There is a rising interest in exploring how the candidate genes found in sugarcane respond to plant growth. In this study, we simulated a typical growth environment to obtain accurate phenotypic data and screened for potential genes associated with plant growth through transcriptomics. Compared to Saccharum GuiTang 42, the other variety Saccharum GuiTang 44 exhibited earlier germination, a higher emergence rate, thicker pseudostems, taller plants, and a more extensive root system. The middle buds formed the greatest number of roots, followed by the lower and upper buds. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid effectively promoted bud development, while abscisic acid and trans-zeatin exhibited negative correlations with sugarcane bud growth. Transcriptome data from the upper, middle, and lower buds revealed 24,158 differentially expressed genes in all three comparisons, with MAPK signaling emerging as a critical pathway. The photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway is vital for middle and lower bud development during root germination. Lastly, key gene modules related to differences in hormone content between the two varieties were defined through weighted correlation network analysis and identified. The module significantly associated with IAA was enriched in pathways such as Proteasome and Protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the upregulation of key genes involved in this gene module had a highly significant positive correlation with bud outgrowth combined with IAA secretion. In conclusion, we have elucidated the pathways of hormones during sugarcane growth and the interactions between IAA and critical genes. These in-depth findings may guide modern sugarcane breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 6","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlantaPub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04559-z
Lulu Chen, Run Wang, Xiaoqing Hu, Dan Wang, Yuexia Wang, Ruili Xue, Mingzhu Wu, Hua Li
{"title":"Overexpression of wheat C2H2 zinc finger protein transcription factor TaZAT8-5B enhances drought tolerance and root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Lulu Chen, Run Wang, Xiaoqing Hu, Dan Wang, Yuexia Wang, Ruili Xue, Mingzhu Wu, Hua Li","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04559-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04559-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>TaZAT8-5B, a C2H2 zinc finger protein transcription factor, positively regulates drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. It promotes root growth under drought stress via the Aux/IAA-ARF module in the auxin signaling pathway. C2H2 zinc finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) represent the largest but relatively unexplored family of transcription factors in plants. This is particularly evident in wheat, where the functions of only a few C2H2-ZFP genes have been confirmed. In this study, we identified a novel C2H2-ZFP gene, TaZAT8-5B. This gene shows high expression in roots and flowers and is significantly induced by heat, drought, and salt stress. Under drought stress, overexpressing TaZAT8-5B in Arabidopsis resulted in increased proline content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in leaves. It also led to reduced stomatal aperture and water loss, while inducing the expression of P5CS1, RD29A, and DREB1A. Consequently, it alleviated drought stress-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and improved drought tolerance. Additionally, TaZAT8-5B promoted lateral root initiation under mannitol stress and enhanced both lateral and primary root growth under long-term drought stress. Moreover, TaZAT8-5B was induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Overexpressing TaZAT8-5B under drought stress significantly inhibited the expression of auxin signaling negative regulatory genes IAA12 and IAA14. Conversely, downstream genes (ARF7, LBD16, LBD18, and CDKA1) of IAA14 and IAA12 were upregulated in TaZAT8-5B overexpressing plants compared to wild-type (WT) plants. These findings suggest that TaZAT8-5B regulates root growth and development under drought stress via the Aux/IAA-ARF module in the auxin signaling pathway. In summary, this study elucidates the role of TaZAT8-5B in enhancing drought tolerance and its involvement in root growth and development through the auxin signaling pathway. These findings offer new insights into the functional analysis of homologous genes of TaZAT8-5B, particularly in Gramineae species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 6","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant membrane transporters function under abiotic stresses: a review.","authors":"Gayatri Mishra, Subrat Kumar Mohapatra, Gyana Ranjan Rout","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04548-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04548-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>In the present review, we discussed the detailed signaling cascades via membrane transporters that confer plant tolerance to abiotic stresses and possible significant use in plant development for climate-resilient crops. Plant transporters play significant roles in nutrient uptake, cellular balance, and stress responses. They facilitate the exchange of chemicals and signals across the plant's membrane by signal transduction, osmotic adjustment, and ion homeostasis. Therefore, research into plant transporters is crucial for understanding the mechanics of plant stress tolerance. Transporters have potential applications in crop breeding for increased stress resistance. We discuss new results about various transporter families (ABC, MATE, NRAMP, NRT, PHT, ZIP), including their functions in abiotic stress tolerance and plant development. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of transporters in plant responses to abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, salt, and heavy metal toxicity, low light, flooding, and nutrient deficiencies. We discuss the transporter pathways and processes involved in diverse plant stress responses. This review discusses recent advances in the role of membrane transporters in abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis and other crops. The review contains the genes discovered in recent years and associated molecular mechanisms that improve plants' ability to survive abiotic stress and their possible future applications by integrating membrane transporters with other technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 6","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlantaPub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04553-5
Zhi Zou, Xiaowen Fu, Jiaquan Huang, Yongguo Zhao
{"title":"Molecular characterization of CeOLE6, a diverged SH oleosin gene, preferentially expressed in Cyperus esculentus tubers.","authors":"Zhi Zou, Xiaowen Fu, Jiaquan Huang, Yongguo Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04553-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04553-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>CeOLE6, a tuber-specific gene in tigernut, encodes a diverged SH oleosin that functions in oil accumulation via homo and heteromultimerization. Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a rare example accumulating high levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in underground tubers; however, the mechanism underlying is poorly understood. Given essential roles of oleosins (OLEs) in oil accumulation, in this study, structural and functional analyses were conducted for CeOLE6, an oleosin gene preferentially expressed in tigernut tubers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CeOLE6 encodes a diverged oleosin in Clade SH, which also includes CeOLE4 and -5. Further synteny analysis and sequence comparison indicated that CeOLE6 is more likely to be a whole-genome duplication (WGD) repeat of CeOLE4, which underwent rapid evolution and deletion of the typical C-terminal insertion for SHs. Nevertheless, CeOLE6 retains the capacity of oligomerization and oil accumulation, because (i) CeOLE6 could not only interact with itself but also with CeOLE2 and -5, two tuber-dominant members belonging to Clades SL and SH, respectively, and (ii) overexpressing CeOLE6 in tobacco leaves could significantly enhance the TAG content. Though CeWRI1 exhibits a similar expression pattern as CeOLE6 during tuber development, both CeWRI1 and -3 could not activate the CeOLE6 promoter, implying that they are not transcription factors contributing tuber-specific activation of CeOLE6. These findings not only provide insights into CeOLE genes in tuber oil accumulation, but also lay a foundation for further genetic improvement in tigernut and other species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 6","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlantaPub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2
Henning Schwalm, Christiana Staudinger, Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei, Eva Mundschenk, Alireza Golestanifard, Maire Holz, Matthias Wissuwa, Eva Oburger
{"title":"Root exudation patterns of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines in response to P limitation.","authors":"Henning Schwalm, Christiana Staudinger, Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei, Eva Mundschenk, Alireza Golestanifard, Maire Holz, Matthias Wissuwa, Eva Oburger","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Rice exudation patterns changed in response to P deficiency. Higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production. Total carboxylate exudation rates mostly decreased under P-limiting conditions. Within the rhizosphere, root exudates are believed to play an important role in plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. This could be particularly beneficial in upland rice production where P is often limited. However, knowledge gaps remain on how P deficiency shapes quality and quantity of root exudation in upland rice genotypes. We therefore investigated growth, plant P uptake, and root exudation patterns of two rice genotypes differing in P efficiency in semi-hydroponics at two P levels (low P = 1 µM, adequate P = 100 µM). Root exudates were collected hydroponically 28 and 40 days after germination to analyze total carbon (C), carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds spectrophotometrically and carboxylates using a targeted LC-MS approach. Despite their reported role in P solubilization, we observed that carboxylate exudation rates per unit root surface area were not increased under P deficiency. In contrast, exudation rates of total C, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were mostly enhanced in response to low P supply. Overall, higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production in the P-inefficient genotype Nerica4, whereas the larger root system with lower C investment (per unit root surface area) in root exudates of the P-efficient DJ123 allowed for better plant growth under P deficiency. Our results reveal new insights into genotype-specific resource allocation in rice under P-limiting conditions that warrant follow-up research including more genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 6","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlantaPub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04551-7
Anestis Gkanogiannis, Hifzur Rahman, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle
{"title":"Chromosome-level genome assembly and functional annotation of Citrullus colocynthis: unlocking genetic resources for drought-resilient crop development.","authors":"Anestis Gkanogiannis, Hifzur Rahman, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04551-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04551-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The chromosome-level genome assembly of Citrullus colocynthis reveals its genetic potential for enhancing drought tolerance, paving the way for innovative crop improvement strategies. This study presents the first comprehensive genome assembly and annotation of Citrullus colocynthis, a drought-tolerant wild close relative of cultivated watermelon, highlighting its potential for enhancing agricultural resilience to climate change. The study achieved a chromosome-level assembly using advanced sequencing technologies, including PacBio HiFi and Hi-C, revealing a genome size of approximately 366 Mb with low heterozygosity and substantial repetitive content. Our analysis identified 23,327 gene models, that could encode stress response mechanisms for species' adaptation to arid environments. Comparative genomics with closely related species illuminated the evolutionary dynamics within the Cucurbitaceae family. In addition, resequencing of 27 accessions from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) identified genetic diversity, suggesting a foundation for future breeding programs. This genomic resource opens new avenues for the de novo domestication of C. colocynthis, offering a blueprint for developing crops with enhanced drought tolerance, disease resistance, and nutritional profiles, crucial for sustaining future food security in the face of escalating climate challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 6","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlantaPub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04554-4
Wei Wang, Yue Wang, Liping Luo, Jiaying Kou, Lulu Zhang, Chen Yang, Ning Yang
{"title":"Development and drought escape response in Arabidopsis thaliana are regulated by AtPLC1 in response to abscisic acid.","authors":"Wei Wang, Yue Wang, Liping Luo, Jiaying Kou, Lulu Zhang, Chen Yang, Ning Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04554-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04554-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>AtPLC1 plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and response to drought stress. Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) hydrolyzes substrates to generate secondary messengers crucial for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Drought escape (DE) response is an adaptive strategy that plants employ under drought conditions. The expression levels of the flower meristem-specific gene APETALA 1 and flowering regulatory genes FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 were downregulated in plc1, and FLOWERING LOCUS C was upregulated. The flowering time of the plc1flc double mutant was earlier than that of the wild type. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the Gene Ontology of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was enriched in abscisic acid (ABA) response signaling, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed differential gene expression annotated to plant hormone signaling pathways. Our experiments show that AtPLC1 is upregulated by ABA in Arabidopsis. Under ABA induction and water stress, wild-type plants exhibit a DE response, and the DE response in plc1 disappears. Expression levels of ABA signaling pathway transcription factors ABA-responsive element-binding factors 3 (ABF3) and ABF4 were downregulated in plc1. In conclusion, our study suggests that AtPLC1 participates in regulating plant growth and development and participates in the DE response through the regulation of ABA signaling pathway transcription factors ABF3/ABF4. The study enhances our comprehension of the role of AtPLC1 in plant development and drought stress, providing a theoretical foundation for further investigation into DE responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 6","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlantaPub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04557-1
Niti Yashvardhini, Saurav Bhattacharya, Shubho Chaudhuri, Dibyendu Narayan Sengupta
{"title":"Retraction Note to: Molecular characterization of the 14‑3‑3 gene family in rice and its expression studies under abiotic stress.","authors":"Niti Yashvardhini, Saurav Bhattacharya, Shubho Chaudhuri, Dibyendu Narayan Sengupta","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04557-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04557-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 6","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histochemical and molecular analyses reveal an insight into the scent volatiles synthesis and emission in ephemeral flowers of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.","authors":"Sinjini Datta, Shobhon Paul, Lopamudra Ballabh, Adinpunya Mitra","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04552-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04552-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Temporal histolocalization of floral volatiles in the petal epidermis of Murraya paniculata was found to be linked with the coordinated expression of candidate genes and successive accumulation of an internal pool of volatiles. Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae) is known for its highly fragrant ephemeral flowers that emit volatiles to attract nocturnal pollinators. To unfold the patterns of volatile emission in relation to floral life-span, we studied time-course accumulation and emission rate of scent volatiles at six timepoints of floral maturation, at an interval of 4 h starting from the bud stage to the senescence stage on the next day. This study revealed the maximum emission rate of scent volatiles at the anthesis stage at 18:00 h. This finding correlates well with the maximum accumulation of volatiles in the internal pool of the flowers at this stage. The key volatiles detected in both emitted and internal pools were benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, linalool, caryophyllene, germacrene-D and α-farnesene. In addition, the internal pool also contained substantial amounts of indole, scopoletin, caffeine and osthole. To histochemically localize the temporal accumulation of major volatile groups in the epidermal cells, petal cross sections were stained with NaDi and ferric chloride to visualize terpenes and phenolics, respectively, under light microscope. Histolocalization studies showed a higher accumulation of terpenes at 14:00 h and 18:00 h, which subsequently was reduced as senescence approached. Significant phenolics in the abaxial and adaxial layers of the petal epidermis accumulated at 18:00 h and at the early senescence (06:00 h) stages. Furthermore, temporal localization of active shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH) protein through in-gel activity assay demonstrated higher enzymatic activities at anthesis (18:00 h) and fully bloomed (02:00 h) stages, supporting the findings of higher accumulation of phenolic volatiles at 18:00 h and 06:00 h stages. Expression analysis of major candidate genes of floral scent volatiles pathway supported the hypothesis that the emission rate of floral fragrance reached its maximum at the anthesis (18:00 h) stage. In contrast, biosynthesis of scent compounds started at the bud (14:00 h) stage itself as indicated by the RT-PCR semi-quantitative estimation. As flowers of M. paniculata attract multiple pollinator species, this study could also serve as a springboard for pollination biology in Rutaceae, which includes important fruit crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"260 5","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}