Planta最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic changes associated with the induction and initiation of juice sacs in citrus fruit.","authors":"Siwar Assili, Dor Haim, Adi Doron-Faigenboim, Ido Nir, Avi Sadka","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05008-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05008-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Transcriptomic and metabolic comparisons reveal putative regulatory and metabolic differences underlying juice sac initiation in citrus fruit. The edible portion of citrus fruits consists of juice sacs-specialized structures unique among fruits-that develop shortly after anthesis from the endocarp, originating from the innermost layers of the albedo. While their physiological and biochemical properties are well studied, the regulatory mechanisms controlling juice sac initiation remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared two cultivars of citron (Citrus medica L.)-the Calabria citron, which develops juice sacs normally, and the Yemenite citron, which does not-across four developmental stages: closed flowers, flowers at anthesis, and fruitlets at one and two weeks post-anthesis. We performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of endocarp cells, followed by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and a metabolomic analysis of whole ovaries and fruitlets. As expected, the Calabria endocarp exhibited higher expression of genes associated with cell wall formation, DNA replication, and cell proliferation, particularly two weeks post-anthesis. In contrast, stress-related genes were more abundant in the Yemenite endocarp. Calabria ovaries and fruitlets showed an increase in amino acids, whereas those of the Yemenite citron exhibited induction of TCA cycle and energy metabolism pathways. Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed significant enrichment of carbohydrate and energy metabolism pathways in the Yemenite citron. Additionally, we identified a transcription factor regulatory network that may contribute to juice sac initiation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular processes underlying juice sac initiation and establish a foundation for future research aimed at elucidating its regulatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brassinosteroid-mediated stress adaptation and signaling networks in Brassicaceae crops.","authors":"Yingying Zhao, Liang Shan, Yue Wu, Zhujun Zhu, Jing Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05009-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05009-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>This review proposed that Brassinosteroids could be used to enhance stress tolerance in Brassicaceae plants. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a key class of phytosterol hormones, are pivotal regulators of stress tolerance in Brassicaceae plants. As model and economically vital crops, Brassicaceae (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana, oilseed rape, and kale) have been central to BRs signaling research. Although our understanding of BR-mediated stress resistance in Brassicaceae has greatly advanced, there remain opportunities to broaden the scope of existing reviews. A more comprehensive analyses of specific areas, such as the BR signaling cascade and its synergistic networks with other hormones, would be highly beneficial. This review summarizes recent advances in BR-mediated Brassicaceae stress tolerance, focusing on delineating the underlying BR signaling cascades, synergistic cross talk with other phytohormones, and molecular interactions governing biotic and abiotic stress responses. It highlights the unique characteristics of BRs in Brassicaceae, as well as their regulatory preferences in species-specific stress pathways. This review aims to offer valuable guidance for future research and provide a theoretical basis for developing BR-based strategies to enhance stress tolerance in Brassicaceae plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into desirable plant cell wall traits for cold tolerance of alfalfa.","authors":"Youla Su, Yutong Su, Jiale Wu, Duo Wang, Lele Cui, Linqing Yu, Guanhua Li","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05019-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05019-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Medicago varia Martyn. exhibited enhanced cold tolerance that was correlated with coordinated adjustments in root xylem structure, modulation of cell wall components, and reprogramming of secondary metabolism, suggesting an integrated adaptive mechanism linking structure, composition, and metabolism. Alfalfa, as one of the most valuable perennial forage crops, is cultivated worldwide. However, its productivity is being threatened by extreme cold events. This study tried to understand the mechanisms of Medicago varia Martyn. (MvM) and Medicago sativa L. (MS) to combat cold climate through chemical, anatomical, spectral, and metabolic analysis. The results showed that MvM had higher content of neutral detergent soluble (74.60%) and soluble proteins (0.15 mg/g), yet lower content of cellulose (10.45%) as compared to MS. Additionally, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis also confirmed differences in functional groups associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin between MS and MvM. The smaller diameter and higher density of vessel in MvM were consistent with anatomical traits predicted to enhance hydraulic safety under freeze-thaw stress. Metabolomic profiling identified 831 and 604 differentially accumulated metabolites in MvM roots at flowering and senescence stages, with significant enrichment in pathways related to isoflavonoid biosynthesis, arginine/proline metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. Key metabolites, such as Calceolarioside B, hydroxytyrosol, and Medicarpin, were markedly up-regulated in MvM. Hierarchical clustering highlighted species-specific accumulation of phenylpropanoids and alkaloids in MvM. These findings suggested that the enhanced cold tolerance of MvM might involve in coordinated structural adjustments in root xylem, modulation of cell wall composition, and reprogramming of secondary metabolism. This study provided new insights into the integrative mechanisms of cold adaptation in alfalfa and supported the development of cold-resistant varieties for cultivation in high-latitude regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of TkMYC2 enhances drought tolerance and rubber-producing capacity in transgenic Taraxacum kok-saghyz.","authors":"Changping Zhang, Fengqi Luo, Xiaodong Li, Zihan Guo, Jialong Sun, Yixuan Lin, Gaoquan Dong, Jie Yan","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05015-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05015-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>TkMYC2 mediates jasmonate-induced drought resistance and rubber biosynthesis simultaneously in Taraxacum kok-saghyz. Taraxacum kok-saghyz (T. kok-saghyz) is an important natural rubber-producing plant, yet its cultivation is often limited by drought stress, and the regulatory mechanisms underlying rubber biosynthesis and laticifer development remain incompletely understood. This study focused on TkMYC2, a core transcription factor in the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway. Through homologous and heterologous genetic transformation, we systematically elucidated its dual functions in conferring drought tolerance and driving rubber biosynthesis. TkMYC2 expression was induced by both drought and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Overexpression of TkMYC2 significantly enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to osmotic and drought stress by activating the antioxidant system (SOD, POD, CAT), maintaining ROS homeostasis, and reducing membrane lipid peroxidation. Using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we demonstrated a direct physical interaction between TkMYC2 and TkJAZ11, a key repressor in the JA pathway. Phenotypic analyses showed that TkMYC2 overexpression promoted root thickening, laticifer development, and natural rubber accumulation, functionally supporting the hypothesis that rubber biosynthesis drives laticifer development. In summary, TkMYC2 acts as a critical molecular hub concurrently regulating drought stress response and rubber biosynthesis, providing new insights into jasmonate-mediated coordination of stress resilience and secondary metabolism, and offering a genetic resource for molecular breeding of T. kok-saghyz with enhanced yield and stress tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microevolution and stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana from the Chernobyl-affected zone.","authors":"Yana Blinova, Mikhail Podlutskii, Gustavo T Duarte, Darya Babina, Ekaterina Shesterikova, Alexander Prazyan, Viktoria Voronezhskaya, Marina Korol, Larisa Turchin, Dmitrii Garbaruk, Maksim Kudin, Elizaveta Kazakova, Polina Volkova","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05017-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05017-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Arabidopsis thaliana from the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone showed altered stress responses, reduced germination, and genomic signatures of microevolution affecting DNA repair, redox signalling and cell-cycle-related genes. Chronic exposure to ionising radiation (IR) in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) has created a field experiment for plant evolution. We collected Arabidopsis thaliana seeds from a reference plot (Babchin) and two radioactively contaminated plots (Vygrebnaya Sloboda and Masany), established in vitro seed lines for each plot and studied their physiology and genomes. Seeds were challenged with acute γ-irradiation (150 Gy), heat (50 °C) and oxidative stress (0.01 µM methyl viologen). The radiation legacy manifested as contrasting stress response profiles and suppressed germination in chronically irradiated lines, which was rescued by exogenous ROS. Genome sequencing of plants from the heavily contaminated plot, Masany, revealed decreased nucleotide diversity and signs of a selective sweep, accompanied by increased fixation rates for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons. Compared with the non-irradiated reference population, genes that accumulated unique SNPs in Masany were related to DNA repair, cell cycle and mitosis, phragmoplast assembly, response to oxidative stress, Ca²⁺ and ROS signalling, and epigenetic processes. Together, the data show that decades of low-dose irradiation drive rapid microevolution in A. thaliana, favouring mutations that bolster genome stability and stress-signalling networks whilst probably compromising seed performance. These findings provide the first field-scale genomic evidence of the targeted accumulation of mutations in specific genomic regions of chronically irradiated plants, suggesting that long-term exposure to chronic ionising radiation may alter population genetic structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can biological control involving predatory mites mitigate plant stress caused by phytophagous mites?","authors":"Wesley Borges Wurlitzer, Julia Renata Schneider, Mateusz Labudda, Julia Huppes Majolo, Marcelo Lattarulo Campos, Joaquim A G Silveira, Daniel Guimarães Silva Paulo, Maria Goreti de Almeida Oliveira, Noeli Juarez Ferla","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05004-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05004-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The biological control of phytophagous mites mediated by predatory mites promotes the maintenance of plant physiology by mitigating damage and preserving key traits related to photosynthesis and development. The immune system of plants, upon perceiving the presence of phytophagous mites, triggers signals mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under intense infestations, these redox signals can trigger oxidative stress, which compromises vital characteristics related to plant fitness. The use of pesticides as a management strategy is increasingly limited by resistance and collateral physiological impacts on plants. The release of predatory mites has emerged as an effective and sustainable biological approach. Predator-mediated foraging may suppress phytophagous mite infestations and mitigate the physiological stress of plants by limiting metabolic expenditures and physiological disturbances related to photosynthesis, growth, and reproduction. Thus, we review the benefits and risks of signals mediated by ROS in plants under attack by phytophagous mites. We conceptualize a stress state for plants under attack by these organisms and describe the benefits of foraging predatory mites reported in the literature from a meta-analytical perspective. Based on existing studies, we show that these natural enemies mitigate damage and the intensification of foliar chlorosis, limiting impacts on leaf area, the number of leaves, and the size of the plants. Furthermore, we speculate how the intensity of stress in the plant could act as a key point in the signals emitted to attract predatory mites. Finally, we emphasize the urgency of integrating this new perspective into future studies to improve the evaluation of the efficiency of natural enemies to benefit plant performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dew and frost do not serve as water sources for rock-dwelling organisms in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica.","authors":"Giora J Kidron, Daniel Beysens, Christopher P McKay","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05011-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05011-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Contrary to previous assumptions, dew and frost cannot be regarded as water sources for lithobionts in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica, which therefore solely rely on snowmelt water for growth. Therefore, and contrary to previous claims, MDV can be regarded as a good analogue for life on Mars. Rock-dwelling chlorolichens and cyanobacteria provide most of the total biomass of the ice-free zone of Antarctica, i.e., the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), and yet, the water sources of MDV are not clear. In addition to snowmelt water that provides water to the lichen-dominated cryptoendolithic communities, many scholars also advocate the use of dew or frost as important water sources for chasmoendolithic cyanobacteria. The implications of these suggestions are large, especially due to the fact that the MDV serves as an important analogue for life on Mars. Based on 5-year long analysis of the four growing months (November, December, January, February) in three stations, we show that the likelihood of both sources to take place is low. Rock temperatures as measured by one of the stations (Marble Point) allowed us to also perform a detailed analysis. Rock temperatures never reached the dewpoint temperature, excluding the formation of dew. As for frost, the likelihood is extremely low during the growing season and an optimistic evaluation yields a possible occurrence of frost for 0.8 h per year. We, therefore, conclude that neither dew nor frost may serve as a meaningful water source for the chasmoendolithic cyanobacteria, which, therefore, rely on snowmelt water only. The endolithic communities of the MDV may be justifiably regarded as the best analogue for life on Mars.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trees just go \"nuts\": prioritizing carbon allocation to yield in almond trees.","authors":"Shreya S Veeravelli, Andrew J McElrone, Ian R Wright, Mina Momayyezi, Kyle R Knipper, Nicolas E Bambach, Sebastian Castro Bustamante, Andrew J Gal, Sat Darshan S Khalsa, Ranjith Karunakaran, Hung T T Nguyen, Morgan E Furze","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05003-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05003-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Almond trees prioritize C to yield rather than stem growth, and their overall lower NSC stores compared to forest trees may have consequences for resilience under environmental variability. Perennial tree crops store nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) as energy reserves that can be used to persist during both predictable periods of reduced activity like dormancy and more unpredictable periods associated with stress. For deciduous tree crops, which lose their leaves at the start of dormancy, the NSC reserves accrued by that time are critically important for fueling respiration but may also influence processes in the following growing season. To quantify the seasonal NSC fluctuation surrounding dormancy and its influence on downstream processes like growth and yield, we conducted a comparative study of four almond varieties in a commercial orchard (California, USA). Sugar and starch concentrations were quantified in branch, stem, and coarse root when entering and exiting dormancy. We then assessed the correlation between these NSC data and metrics of stem growth and yield in the following growing season. We further explored long-term trade-offs between stem growth and yield using historical data from 2017 to 2022. Overall, total NSC concentrations significantly decreased during the dormant season in all organs. We observed a significant positive correlation between branch total NSC concentration when entering dormancy and yield the next year. However, we unexpectedly found that stem total NSC concentrations when entering dormancy were negatively correlated with stem growth the next year, suggesting that stem reserves were primarily used to support wintertime respiration or translocated to other organs. A long-term trade-off between stem growth and yield was evident; as yield increased, basal area increment tended to decrease. Additionally, we found whole-tree NSC storage to be lower in almond trees compared to temperate forest trees, reflecting prioritization to yield over NSC storage. Overall, these findings advance our understanding of crop tree carbon physiology and provide insight into the resilience of different almond cultivars under changing environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Transgenic expression of an unedited mitochondrial orfB gene product from wild abortive (WA) cytoplasm of rice (Oryza sativa L.) generates male sterility in fertile rice lines.","authors":"Anirban Chakraborty, Joy Mitra, Jagannath Bhattacharyya, Subrata Pradhan, Narattam Sikdar, Srirupa Das, Saikat Chakraborty, Sachin Kumar, Suman Lakhanpaul, Soumitra K Sen","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05006-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05006-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISP-PTG-Assembler Ver. 1.0: a primer design tool for polycistronic tRNA-gRNA (PTG) assembly for Cas9-based multiplex genome editing in plants.","authors":"Soham Ray, Joshitha Vijayan, S Vanchinathan, Rajkumar Dhakar, Nazima Nasrullah, Shivani Nagar, Tushar Kanti Dutta, Viswanthan Chinnusamy","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05007-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05007-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiplex genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system allows simultaneous modifications at several genomic sites, offering great potential for crop improvement. Among various approaches, the polycistronic tRNA-gRNA (PTG) system is widely adopted due to its use of the host's native tRNA processing machinery, enabling the generation of multiple sgRNAs from a single transcript without the need for expressing any foreign RNA processing enzymes or ribozymes. However, designing the complete set of primers suitable for performing in vitro PTG assembly is complex and needs expertise, as a single mistake can lead to complete failure of the assembly process or subsequent editing. To overcome this challenge, we developed CRISP-PTG-Assembler Ver. 1.0, a user-friendly tool that takes only (i) 20-nucleotide sgRNA spacers and (ii) 4-nucleotide joiners as inputs; and produces colour-coded outputs in forms of (i) Primer-set required for complete PTG assembly, (ii) Primary PCR Amplicons, (iii) Overlap-Extension PCR Amplicons and (iv) Expected PTG assembly, for easy interpretation and construct making. Our novel assembly approach provides flexibility in sticky-end choice during golden gate ligation and ensures the fidelity of component sgRNAs in the PTG assembly by buffering against ligation errors (~ 1.5-40%) that may occur during the Golden Gate assembly process, thereby safeguarding the functionality of the in vivo-generated individual sgRNA molecules. We validated its effectiveness by editing two loci of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene in rice and demonstrated its applicability across various plant systems. With an intuitive interface and robust features, CRISP-PTG-Assembler empowers researchers of all levels to effectively implement PTG-based multiplex genome editing in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}