Planta最新文献

{"title":"Speed-bred crops for food security and sustainable agriculture.","authors":"Garima Aggarwal, A S Jeena, Kajal Mehra, Bishawajit Kumar, Shivani Kashyap, Dhananjay Kumar Yadav, Alok Kumar Maurya, S C Venkatesh, Prakhar Singla, Abhishek Bohra","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04746-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04746-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Overcoming the existing barriers of speed breeding and its integration with modern genetic technologies will be crucial for its widespread adoption in plant breeding programs. Safeguarding global food security calls for a steady stream of climate-smart crop varieties delivered in less time with fewer agricultural resources. In this context, speed breeding (SB) was introduced as a shortening practice in modern agriculture through innovative solutions that promote rapid growth and development in plants. Since then, SB application has led to significant increase in yield and climate-resilience traits of modern crop varieties. SB protocols optimized for long-day and day-neutral plants have witnessed great success, and research on optimizing SB for short-day plants (e.g., rice, soybean, pigeonpea) has also been encouraging. Most interestingly, SB offers ample scope for integration with modern breeding methods like genomic selection, haplotype-based breeding and genome editing, which further enhances its capacity to deliver new crop varieties with enhanced stress adaptation and yield potential. While significant progress has been made in uncovering genetic loci associated with SB-relevant traits such as flowering time and maturity, the broader genetic basis of photoperiod response remains understudied in food crops. Despite its transformative potential, SB faces several limitations such as high energy demands, risks of genetic bottlenecks, and difficulties in applications at field scale, thus underscoring the need for continuous improvements. Our review offers the most updated overview of SB applications in crops plants, the genetic mechanisms underlying photoperiod response. We also present prospects for combining SB with evolving technologies for rapid and better breeding outcomes. We advocate that while transformative, SB still faces a set of challenges that must be carefully addressed to realize its full potential for future food supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cytological basis of self-incompatibility in goji (Lycium barbarum) and the cloning of S-RNase gene.","authors":"Jiali Wu, Xiongxiong Nan, Ken Qin, Guoli Dai, Xin Zhang, Zijun Yang, Zhonghua Wang, Cuiping Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04753-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04753-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Goji displays characteristics of gametophytic self-incompatibility. The S-RNase gene, expressed in the style, serves as the S determinant in the pistil, playing a key role in regulating goji's self-incompatibility. Goji, a plant commonly found worldwide, has been traditionally used for medicinal and culinary purposes in Chinese culture. However, breeding this species is challenging due to its self-incompatibility (SI). This study utilized 'Ningqi 1', 'Ningqi 6', and 'Ningqi 8', which exhibit significant variations in SI, as the experimental subjects. Detailed observations of floral organs and artificial pollination trials were conducted to elucidate the SI traits among different goji cultivars. Furthermore, the crucial pistil S factor that mediates SI in goji has been successfully cloned and subjected to analysis. The study revealed that goji exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). 'Ningqi 1' has a facultative selfing breeding system, while 'Ningqi 6' and 'Ningqi 8' involve facultative cross-pollination. Four S-RNase genes were successfully cloned from goji plants. Differential expression analysis revealed exclusive expression of S-RNase genes in the style. 'Ningqi 8' had significantly higher expression of the S₂-RNase gene compared to the S₁-RNase gene, suggesting that the S₂-RNase gene may play a pivotal role in regulating the SI mechanism of 'Ningqi 8'. This research provides insights into the cytological mechanisms of SI in goji, informing the planning of pollination tree arrangements and the selection of parental stocks for self-compatible breeding programs. It also lays the groundwork for future molecular studies on SI in goji.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron allocation to chloroplast proteins depends on the DNA-binding protein WHIRLY1.","authors":"Karin Krupinska, Susann Frank, Luca Boschian, Monireh Saeid Nia, Susanne Braun, Anke Schäfer, Ulrike Voigt, Ewa Niewiadomska, Bettina Hause, Götz Hensel, Wolfgang Bilger","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04736-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04736-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The DNA-binding protein WHIRLY1, sharing structural similarities with ferritin, plays a role in the formation of iron cofactor proteins within chloroplasts. Previous studies indicated that barley plants with a knockdown of HvWHIRLY1 containing a minimal amount of the protein are compromised in chloroplast development and photosynthesis, and get chlorotic leaves when grown at high irradiance. Thereby, the leaves display signs of iron deficiency. Metal determination revealed, however, that leaves of WHIRLY1-deficient plants had a regular iron content. Nevertheless, WHIRLY1-deficiency affected the functionality of photosystem II less than that of photosystem I, which has a higher demand for iron. Immunological analyses revealed that components of both photosystems had reduced levels. Additionally, the levels of other chloroplast proteins containing different classes of iron cofactors were lower in the WHIRLY1-deficient plants compared to the wild type. In contrast, the level of the iron sequestering protein ferritin increased in WHIRLY1-deficient lines, whereby high irradiance intensified this effect. RNA analyses showed that the upregulation of ferritin coincided with an enhanced expression of the corresponding gene, reflecting an apparent overload of chloroplasts with free iron. Ferritin and WHIRLY proteins are known to share the same oligomeric structure. Therefore, the high abundance of ferritin in WHIRLY1-deficient plants might be a compensation for the reduced abundance of WHIRLY1. Enhanced expression levels of genes encoding photosynthesis proteins and iron cofactor proteins indicate a demand for protein formation or assembly of protein complexes. The results support a general role of WHIRLY1 in assembly and/or stabilization of chloroplast proteins and, moreover, suggest a specific function in sequestering and supply of iron in chloroplasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical dormancy-break by predispersal insect seed predators and a discussion of insect x seed (bitrophic) interactions on population growth of legumes.","authors":"Jerry M Baskin, Carol C Baskin","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04749-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04749-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Physical dormancy can be broken in nature by insect seed predation. Bruchid beetles and various other insects are predispersal seed predators on physically-dormancy (PY) seeds, especially those of legumes (Fabaceae). Although many of the predated seeds are nonviable, some of them may be viable, nondormant and germinable. Our primary aim was to review the literature on the effect of predispersal seed predation on PY-break/germination in this bitrophic system. We found information on the bitrophic interactions between insects and seeds of 46 plant species in 43 \"case studies\". Seeds in 30 case studies had PY (mostly legumes), five were nondormant (ND) and in eight PY vs. ND was not determined because there was no intact seed control. In 16 of the 29 (55.2%) case studies in which seeds had PY, insect-infested seeds germinated to a higher percentage than intact (control) seeds, indicating that damage by insect seed predators broke PY. Thus, we conclude that predispersal seed predation by insects is a way in which PY is broken in nature. Further, we evaluate the possible demographic consequences of predispersal insect seed predation on legumes with PY seeds and conclude that they appear to have little or no effect of population growth (λ).</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to develop climate-resilient chili peppers: transcription factor optimization through genome editing.","authors":"Mallesham Bulle, Md Mezanur Rahman, Md Robyul Islam, Sadanandam Abbagani","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04747-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04747-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chili peppers (Capsicum spp.), a globally significant crop revered for their nutritional, economic, and cultural importance, are increasingly imperiled by the converging burdens of climate-induced abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, and salinity, and relentless biotic assaults from pathogens and insect herbivores. These overlapping stressors not only destabilize yield but also compromise the metabolic intricacy responsible for the accumulation of health-promoting secondary metabolites. Although Capsicum exhibits remarkable genetic and phytochemical diversity, the integrated transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic frameworks that underpin its stress resilience remain poorly delineated. This review synthesizes recent advances in decoding core transcription factor families, such as CaNAC, CaWRKY, and CaMYB, that serve as pivotal regulators of osmotic adjustment, reactive oxygen species detoxification, hormonal crosstalk, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis under stress conditions. We further highlight how multi-omics-guided gene discovery, when paired with CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing, enables precise reprogramming of key regulatory loci to enhance adaptive responses. Emerging innovations, including base editing, prime editing, and novel nucleases like Cas12a and Cas13d, are expanding the functional genome-editing landscape, while the integration of morphogenic regulators and genotype-independent transformation platforms is beginning to circumvent long-standing obstacles in Capsicum genetic engineering. Lastly, we propose a transformative framework that converges transcription factor modulation, multi-omics strategies, precision phenotyping, and next-generation genome editing to accelerate the development of climate-resilient Capsicum cultivars with optimized metabolic traits. This strategic convergence of molecular insight and biotechnological innovation offers a robust foundation for building next-generation chili pepper varieties capable of withstanding intensifying environmental and pathogenic pressures, ultimately safeguarding yield, nutritional quality, and agricultural sustainability in the face of global climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide annotation and comparative analysis of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) in six pear species.","authors":"Zewen Wang, Yunqi Zhang, Xuming Chen, Yan Yan, Chao Wang, Qionghou Li, Xin Qiao, Xiao Wu, Shuwei Wei, Shaoling Zhang, Hao Yin","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04750-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04750-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Through multi-faceted comparative analysis of MITEs across six pear genomes, we revealed their distribution patterns, functional impacts and their significant role as genomic origins for miRNAs, with copy number being the most critical factor for MITE-miRNA transformation, providing valuable insights for future research. Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are prevalent in plant genomes and play a significant role in genome evolution and diversity. The availability of high-quality genome sequences for six pear species-Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd cv. 'Dangshan Suli', Pyrus communis L. cv. 'Bartlett', Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. 'Nijisseiki' and 'Cuiguan', Pyrus ussuriensis maxim cv. 'Zhongai No.1', Pyrus betulifolia Bunge cv. 'Duli'-has facilitated the annotation and comparative analysis of MITEs in these species. Consequently, we identified 12,759 intact MITEs belonging to 750 families. Sequence diversity analysis revealed that these MITEs underwent one or two rounds of amplification burst events within the pear genomes. Among them, 10,368 intact MITEs demonstrated collinearity across six pear species. Further investigation indicated that MITEs are predominantly located upstream regions of genes. Notably, 1832 genes exhibited potential regulation (either up-regulation or down-regulation) due to MITE insertions. Additionally, 4421 previously missing genes, disrupted by MITE insertions, were restored and re-annotated. We identified 8855 MITE-miRNAs belonging to 370 families across all six species, with approximately 75% of miRNAs originating from MITEs. Machine learning analysis revealed copy number as the most influential feature for MITE-miRNA transformation, followed by MITE length and structure stability. These findings provide valuable insights into transposable elements' role in shaping genome diversity and their impact on functional genes and miRNA genesis within pear genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium chloride enhances suberization in seminal roots but does not affect cutinized leaf barriers in cultivated and wild barley.","authors":"Paul Grünhofer, Priya Dharshini Thangamani, Lukas Schreiber, Tino Kreszies","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04743-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04743-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>In the two compared barley genotypes, broader genetic variation did not result in a higher salt tolerance. Instead, specific traits like an exodermis might represent valuable future breeding targets. Soil salinification is a globally increasing phenomenon threatening agricultural yields. In this study, we investigated the physiological reactions of two genotypes of the fourth most abundant cereal crop barley in response to hydroponic sodium chloride exposure. It was of interest to compare a modern cultivar intentionally bred for the highest yields with a wild accession comprising a wider genetic background. Since barley is known to be a relatively salt-tolerant crop, three different sodium concentrations of up to 280 mM have been tested. The physiological adaptations of shoots and roots were investigated utilizing stomatal conductance measurements, chlorophyll fluorometry, morphometry, osmotic potential determination, mineral element concentration measurement, as well as histochemical and chemical analysis of apoplastic leaf and root barriers. While the leaf cuticle of both genotypes hardly reacted to the imposed stresses, the roots exhibited an increased endodermal suberization of especially the root tip, which strongly deviated from the previous findings about pure osmotic stress exposure. Interestingly, the putatively higher drought-tolerant wild accession did not show a considerably better growth performance, which in the context of sodium chloride stress might be attributed to its overall significantly smaller endodermal suberization reaction. We conclude that a subsequent study of a wild accession and/or a modern cultivar known to develop an exodermis might deliver valuable additional insights into potential future breeding targets. Such a suberized exodermis might be capable of conveying increased tolerance to toxic salts without negatively affecting water uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptomics and lipidomics reveal mechanisms regulating lipids formation and accumulation in oil body during walnut seed development.","authors":"Kaiyang Zhu, Yingying Zhang, Ji Ma, Ting Zhang, Hongjie Lei, Wenge Zhao, Huaide Xu, Mei Li","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04751-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04751-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Through combined analysis of the transcriptomics and lipidomics of walnut, the possible molecular mechanism of lipid formation and accumulation in oil bodies was revealed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The formation and accumulation of lipids are critical determinants of nut quality, with walnut storing lipids primarily in oil bodies (OBs). Currently, there is still a lack of systematic research on the formation and accumulation of lipids in walnut OBs (WOBs). Therefore, this study integrated lipidomics and transcriptomics to comprehensively identify the changes in WOBs and walnut kernels at 60, 74, 88, 102, 116, and 130 days after pollination (DAP). The results showed that fatty acid content in walnut kernels and WOBs had opposite trends, especially oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Principal component analysis of the samples and cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the total samples were divided into three main groups: 60-74, 88-102, and 116-130 DAP. RNA sequencing generated 33,918 unigenes (14,995 DEGs), including 228 DEGs highly related to lipid metabolism, in 18 cDNA libraries prepared from walnut kernel. These genes were mainly involved in metabolic pathways such as pyruvate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis during lipid synthesis. On the other hand, the expression levels of ACC, KASII, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, and PDAT genes were downregulated at 88-130 DAP compared with 60-74 DAP, which might be the key genes regulating the reduction of free fatty acid content in WOBs. In addition, 21 FAD genes were identified, including seven SAD genes, three FAD2 genes, five FAD3 genes, one FAD5 gene, one FAD6 gene, and four FAD7/8 genes. These genes were closely related to the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in WOBs, especially FAD2 and FAD3. The findings offered valuable insights into the dynamic changes in lipids and genetic resources and provided a foundation for walnut quality improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collinearity analysis and characterization of rhamnosyltransferases from Chrysanthemum morifolium, Mikania micrantha and Stevia rebaudiana.","authors":"Li Ding, Jiaping Huang, Jie Tang, Qingwen Wu, Peng Yang, Ruoting Zhan, Dongming Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04742-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04742-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The amino acid at the N-terminal of rhamnosyltransferases is essential for their catalytic activity. The rhamnosyltransferases (RhaTs) genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoid rutinosides have been identified and characterized in Chrysanthemum plants, including C. indicum and C. nankingense. Nevertheless, whether the RhaTs are conserved in other genera, such as Mikania and Stevia, remains unclear. In this study, we employed genomic collinearity analysis to identify the conserved RhaT in M. micrantha, S. rebaudiana, and C. morifolium. The amino acid alignment of RhaT in the three species revealed a deletion of 54 or 56 amino acids in SrRhaT compared to MmRhaT or CmRhaT, respectively. This deletion is potentially attributable to the translation of naturally occurring shorter transcripts as demonstrated by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends cloning. SrRhaT did not display the substrate preference toward flavone and flavonol glucoside. In contrast, MmRhaT and CmRhaT exhibited the preference for flavone-7-O-glucoside. Further, the N-terminal-truncated protein of CmRhaT and MmRhaT (translation from the second start codon) resulted in the loss of catalytic function. These findings indicate that the amino acid at the N-terminal of rhamnosyltransferases is crucial for their catalytic activity or substrate preference. In addition, the high catalytic activity against quercetin-3-O-glucoside was confirmed by the transient expression of MmRhaT in N. benthamiana. The high expression level of MmRhaT in flowers was possibly associated with the high content of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) detected in the flowers of M. micrantha. These findings contribute to our understanding of the flavonoid diversity observed in three different genera within the Asteraceae family.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a novel screening strategy of rice resistance breeding through phytoalexin content.","authors":"Ruyuan Wang, Xuesong Bie, Jingna Xiao, Shu Xu, Pirui Li, Xu Feng, Yu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04739-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-025-04739-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae poses a significant threat to rice production worldwide. The identification of resistant varieties is crucial for the development of rice varieties that can withstand this disease. Currently, the identification of resistant varieties primarily relies on resistance genes. However, due to vertical resistance of resistance genes, varieties identified based on this criterion still encounter significant challenges. In this study, we collected eight major cultivated rice varieties in Jiangsu Province, China, along with two experimental varieties, ZH11 and NP. Employing Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS), we quantified the accumulation levels of 5,10-diketo-casbene (DKC), a casbene-type diterpene phytoalexin, in these ten rice varieties following treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). These results demonstrated that despite the exogenous application of MeJA, which is known to trigger the biosynthesis of DKC in both shoots and roots, the accumulation levels of this crucial diterpene phytoalexin varied significantly among the ten cultivars. In addition to assessing DKC levels, we also evaluated the resistance of the ten varieties to bacterial leaf blight. Our analysis revealed a positive correlation between DKC content and resistance to this devastating pathogen. To further investigate the molecular basis of this resistance, we selected NG9108 and MN1332 as representative varieties with the higher and weaker resistance to bacterial leaf blight, respectively, and then examined their transcriptional responses to MeJA treatment. By comparing the transcriptional profiles of these two contrasting varieties, we found that genes involved in the synthesis of other diterpene phytoalexins, such as CPS2 and CPS4, were markedly up-regulated in the NG9108 variety as compared to MN1332. The contrasting resistance to bacterial leaf blight between NG9108 and MN1332 can be attributed, at least in part, to their disparate capabilities in diterpene phytoalexin synthesis. In conclusion, our research not only highlighted the importance of phytoalexin synthesis in rice resistance but also offers a practical framework for utilizing phytoalexin content as a criterion in the screening process for rice resistance breeding in the face of escalating disease challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}