Planta最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the phylogeny, molecular and genomic adaptations of thermophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria.","authors":"Prakash Palanivel, Fayaazuddin Thajuddin, Priyanka Jayam Rajendran, Akilan Elumalai, Gangatharan Muralitharan","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05002-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05002-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Thermophilic cyanobacteria and microalgae have a set of coordinated structural and molecular changes that allow them to survive under elevated temperatures. All these features make are their thermostable enzymes, strong stress response systems, and high-capacity carbon-fixation systems that make these organisms interesting candidates of biotechnological use and sustainability. Cyanobacteria and thermophilic microalgae are a unique group of extremophiles that can survive high temperatures and complex environments. Their morphological, physiological, and evolutionary characteristics enable them to survive in hot springs, arid soils, geothermal environments, and hydrophilic ecosystems. This involves production of heat-stable enzymes, osmolytes, pigments, and protective biomolecules, and increased thermostability of phycobilisomes, reliable repair of photosystem II components, and structural changes of photosystems. Microalgae and cyanobacteria exhibit remarkable morphological plasticity, transforming between unicellular, colonial, and filamentous forms while producing specialized cells like heterocysts, spores, and dormant vegetative cells to survive in various environments. Further, their ecological resilience is enhanced by adaptations to oxidative stress, nutrient limitation, UV radiation, and desiccation. These organisms have great potential for industrial biotechnology, particularly biofuels, bioprocessing, carbon capture, bioremediation, and the synthesis of high-value compounds, due to their unique thermostable enzymes, heat-stable pigments, and carbon fixation efficiency. This review highlights current understanding of the phylogeny, stress adaptation mechanisms, and ecological significance of thermophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria, emphasizing their growing importance in sustainable biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and solutions in hand pollination for hybrid pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed production: a review.","authors":"Ingrid M Gyalai, Orsolya Kedves, Alfonz Kedves, Zoltán Kónya, Flórián Kovács","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05012-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05012-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Successful hybrid seed production in pepper depends strongly on the stress sensitivity of reproductive processes, particularly pollen function and flower retention. Integrating physiological understanding of pollen biology, hormonal regulation of abscission, and targeted environmental and genetic interventions is essential to stabilize fruit set and improve hybrid seed yield under increasing climatic variability. Hybrid pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) F₁ seed production relies largely on controlled (manual) emasculation and pollination, while seed set at commercial scale is often unstable due to the pronounced environmental sensitivity of the reproductive phase. The present review discusses, within an integrated framework, the main constraints of manual pollination and hybrid seed yield as well as the possible solutions, with particular emphasis on (i) abiotic stressors (temperature, light intensity and light spectrum, water and nutrient supply, relative humidity), (ii) pollen biological and progamic processes, (iii) the hormonal regulation of flower and young fruit abscission, and (iv) genetic/male-sterility systems supporting hybrid purity. Based on the literature, pollen is the most stress-sensitive \"weak link\": consistently high temperatures (above 32 °C) and unfavorable light regimes impair pollen development, viability, and pollen tube growth, while shifts in the auxin-ethylene balance in the abscission zone increase flower and fruit drop. Reduced assimilate availability (source-sink competition) and the hormonal dominance of developing fruits further intensify abortion, in protected cultivation potentially leading to cyclic fruit-set patterns. Although CMS/CGMS (cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic-genic male sterility) and GMS (genic male sterility) systems can reduce labor costs and improve genetic purity, their application is not suitable in all breeding and hybrid seed production scenarios; therefore, controlled pollination performed with manual emasculation remains of key importance. The review proposes a physiology-based, decision-support approach that integrates microclimate optimization (thermal and spectral management), pollen-based rapid phenotyping, and marker-based male-sterility identification to improve successful fertilization, seed formation, and hybrid seed quality. In this review, the most critical research gap is the lack of an empirically validated relationship between in vitro pollen stress assays and in vivo fertilization and seed-set success, as this could establish the predictive foundations of stress-tolerant, scalable hybrid seed production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype-specific optimization of in vitro regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in indica rice with 35S:RUBY and CRISPR/LbCas12a system.","authors":"Yogita N Sarki, Ajay Kumar Keot, Riwandahun Marwein, Dhanawantari L Singha, Dhrubo Jyoti Gogoi, Natarajan Velmurugan, Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05010-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-026-05010-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>This study establishes a genotype-specific transformation system for indica rice cultivars Ranjit, Mahsuri, and Kon Joha using 35S:RUBY and CRISPR/LbCas12a constructs, enabling functional genomics studies and genetic improvement. The indica rice subspecies generally faces challenges in functional genomics and genetic improvement due to its recalcitrance to tissue culture and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Three indica rice varieties, Ranjit, Mahsuri, and Kon Joha, cultivated in Assam (India) were selected to optimize callus induction, regeneration, and genetic transformation. Ranjit and Mahsuri are high-yielding cultivars, whereas Kon Joha is an indigenous aromatic landrace of high commercial value. Initially, key steps, such as callus induction and regeneration, were optimized for Ranjit and Kon Joha using mature seed. Thereafter, for transformation, immature embryos were selected as explants because of their competence for agro-infection. The highest callus induction frequency of 70.33% and 90% was achieved with 3.0 and 3.5 mg L^-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in Ranjit and Kon Joha, respectively. The best regeneration, in Ranjit (77%) and Kon Joha (54.5%), was achieved with 4.0 mg L^-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1.0 mg L^-1 kinetin, and 0.5 mg L^-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Transformation efficiencies with CRISPR/LbCas12a (OD₆₆₀ = 0.8) were 5.6% (Ranjit), 7.5% (Mahsuri), and 15.33% (Kon Joha). The optimal in vitro regeneration conditions previously identified for Ranjit were adopted for Mahsuri transformation. Furthermore, a visual non-invasive reporter, RUBY, was employed to investigate the transformation of immature embryos in Ranjit and Kon Joha. The vivid red coloration in the early callusing stage indicates successful transformation events. Kon Joha plants regenerated from red calli showed a distinct phenotype with pink leaves and red roots. These findings confirm RUBY's effectiveness as a non-invasive reporter for rapid monitoring of rice transformation and underscore the importance of immature embryos in indica rice transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and evolutionary significance of the unique lime-secreting hydathodes and amphistomatic leaves in Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae).","authors":"Natalia Tkach, Emmily Richter, Martin Röser","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04999-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04999-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The among angiosperms unique ability of many saxifrages to produce calcareous leaf incrustations through lime-secreting hydathodes is a complex anatomical and physiological syndrome that evolved only once in Saxifraga phylogeny The genus Saxifraga comprises about 480 species primarily found in the mountains of the Northern Hemisphere. About 24% of these species have lime-encrusted leaves caused by unique lime-secreting glands, which contain epithem hydathodes that are connected to the xylem. These glands release guttation fluid presumably containing dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate. We examined their structure in 81 representative species and subspecies using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Lime incrustations are confined to two of the fifteen Saxifraga sections, which typically inhabit calcareous or base-rich substrates. Thus, the lime secretion may contribute to regulating internal Ca²⁺ concentrations, among other functions. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire genus Saxifraga shows that the ability to produce lime incrustations evolved once in the last common ancestor (LCA) of the sections Ligulatae and Porphyrion. However, this ability was subsequently lost in two lineages: sections Gymnopera and Trachyphyllum. The peculiar sunken hydathodes on the adaxial leaf surface and their association with camptodromous leaf vascularization support this scenario because they suggest that lime secretion is a complex anatomical and physiological syndrome that is unlikely to have evolved twice. While this syndrome plays a role in ecological adaptation and biogeography, it does not appear to be a classic evolutionary key innovation. Most species also have amphistomatic leaves with notable interspecific differences in stomatal arrangement related to hydathode arrangement. Amphistomaty is believed to enhance photosynthetic rates, which is consistent with these saxifrages' adaptation to sunlit, high-elevation environments and their drought-tolerant, partly succulent, xerophytic growth forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterization, annotation, and comparative analysis of Ludisia discolor reveal its evolutionary and functional traits.","authors":"Qi Yang, Kunxiu Cai, Junjie Yang, Tianxiang Zhang, Luan Li, Fenfen Wang, Zhendong Chen, Tao Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04986-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04986-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The high-quality L. discolor genome clarifies orchid phylogeny and provides immediate targets for breeding and biosynthetic engineering of medicinal metabolites. Ludisia discolor is a valued orchid for ornamental veined foliage and documented medicinal uses, yet genomic resources are lacking. We generated the first chromosome-level assembly of 696.37 Mb with scaffold N50 33.14 Mb and 94.55% BUSCO completeness by integrating PacBio HiFi, Hi-C and Illumina reads; 91.86% of sequences were anchored to 22 chromosomes. Annotation yielded 20,552 protein-coding genes and 70.9% repetitive content dominated by LTR-retrotransposons. Comparative analysis revealed 157 species-specific gene families and significant expansion of terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthetic clusters, supporting its pharmacological potential. Phylogenomics placed Ludisia sister to Platanthera (Orchidoideae) with divergence ~ 39.5 Mya. Positive selection was detected in 123 genes enriched for chromatin remodeling and nuclear transport, reflecting adaptation to shaded, nutrient-limited habitats. This reference genome provides a foundational resource for understanding orchid evolution, molecular breeding, and metabolic engineering of bioactive compounds in L. discolor.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13090214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastome insights from the mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (Loranthaceae) highlight gradual evolutionary footprints of parasitism in Santalales.","authors":"Risha Amilia Pratiwi, Arief Priyadi, Iriawati, Istiana Prihatini, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04997-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04997-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Our newly assembled plastomes of Dendrophthoe pentandra, a widespread mistletoe from Indonesia, reveal extensive gene loss, refined annotation, and evolutionary patterns that highlight the gradual degradation of plastomes in hemiparasites within Santalales. Mistletoes, long valued for their ecological and medicinal importance, reveal a hallmark of parasitism: chloroplast genome (plastome) reduction. Despite being the most widespread mistletoe in Indonesia, Dendrophthoe pentandra was previously represented by only two plastomes from China, limiting broader evolutionary interpretation. We report two plastomes from Indonesia and analyze them within a comparative framework spanning parasitic and non-parasitic relatives across Santalales. Both plastomes (122,298 bp and 122,291 bp) exhibited extensive gene loss, including most photosynthesis-related ndh genes as well as rpl32, rpl36, rps15, rps16, and trnK-UUU. Pseudogenization affected trnA-UGC, ycf15, ycf1, rpl2, infA, and ndhB. High-depth mapping against multiple plastome references confirmed that these features reflect genuine parasitic reduction rather than artifacts of limited sequencing depth. Our plastomes were slightly longer and had more complete gene annotations than those previously reported accessions. Despite several tRNA gene losses, amino acid frequencies and codon usage remained conserved. Additionally, 103-105 simple sequence repeats and 35-38 tandem repeats were identified as potential molecular markers. Phylogenomic analyses positioned D. pentandra within mistletoe lineages of Santalales, clearly separated from euphytoids and non-parasitic relatives. Comparative analyses revealed that plastome size reduction correlated with parasitism intensity. Gene loss, pseudogenization, and variable inverted repeat junctions further highlighted the genomic footprints of parasitism. Fine-scale alignments with close relatives showed no evidence of extreme rearrangements. Collectively, our findings support a gradual trajectory of plastome degradation in Santalales-from complete plastomes in non-parasitic species, to moderate reduction in euphytoids, and extensive loss in mistletoes-underscoring key genomic adaptations to parasitism.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urease-null soybean (eu3-a) under salt and copper stress: nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant defense, and arginine pathway genes.","authors":"Sarah Caroline R de Souza, Neidiquele M Silveira, Vanessa R Tofanello, Joe Carmine Polacco, Paulo Mazzafera","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05001-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05001-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The eu3-a mutant exhibited greater tolerance to salt stress but increased sensitivity to copper stress, with distinct impacts on nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and antioxidant responses. The eu3-a soybean mutant is urease-null, lacking all urease activity responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. In this study, the urease-null eu3-a soybean mutant was used to assess the saline and copper stresses on nitrogen metabolism. Seeds of eu3-a/eu3-a and the corresponding dominant homozygous Eu3 precursor line were collectively referred to as near-isogenic lines (NILs). Experiments were conducted under hydroponic conditions using plants at the reproductive stage (R1-R2) and subjected to either salinity stress (NaCl: 0, 50, and 100 mM) or copper stress (CuCl₂: 0, 10, and 50 µM) over a 5-day treatment period. The following parameters were assessed in leaf tissue: photosynthetic performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, levels of nitrogenous compounds, and the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the arginine-derived metabolic network. Overall, salinity imposed more severe physiological disruptions than copper in both lines, as evidenced by an approximately 88% reduction in photosynthetic performance under 100 mM of salt. Both stresses impaired nitrogen metabolism, increasing ammonia levels and reducing nitrate concentration. Interestingly, eu3-a plants demonstrated enhanced tolerance to salt stress relative to Eu3 plants, but this trend was not observed under copper stress. Future work should address nitrogen-related enzymatic activities associated with urease metabolism and elucidate the non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms contributing to stress tolerance in eu3-a soybean plants under salt and copper stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC content variation in angiosperm genomes reveals GC-biased gene conversion.","authors":"Qing Xian, Liu Yang, Yuan Wang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05005-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05005-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the diversity of GC content characteristics among major angiosperm groups, with Poaceae species exhibiting significantly higher GC content and more pronounced heterogeneity. These features are likely associated with GC-biased gene conversion. Genome nucleotide composition critically shapes plant genetic diversity, yet its variation across angiosperms remains poorly understood. Here, we conducted a multilevel GC analysis across 495 angiosperm genomes (spanning 109 families, 44 orders; 284 species with annotated coding genes). Using SeqKit, we quantified GC content at whole-genome, chromosomal, gene, and codon scales, while estimating recombination rates with mlRho v2.9. We found that angiosperm GC content approximates a normal distribution (mean 36.64%) but varies markedly among lineages: monocots (41.97%) > eudicots (35.43%), with Poaceae highest (44.64%). Coding-region GC (mean 46.38%) exceeded genomic levels, showing maximal variation at the third codon position (GC3; mean 46.22%; up to 63.63% in Poaceae). Gene-level GC distributions shifted from unimodal to distinctly bimodal patterns-evident in Poaceae-reflecting divergence between high- and low-GC genes. Notably, GC content correlated positively with both chromosome length and recombination rate. These patterns are consistent with GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) as a key driver of GC diversity in angiosperms, operating neutrally and locally across genomic scales, independent of phylogeny.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning with Green Nanotechnology: A Visionary Framework for Smart Fungal Disease Management in Plants.","authors":"Garima Yadav, Arti, Jyoti Mathur","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04998-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04998-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal diseases in plants pose significant threats to global food security and sustainable agriculture, yet current management methods remain limited by environmental concerns and increasing pathogen resistance. Advanced plant disease detection ML methods include hyperspectral imaging for early disease detection, deep learning (CNNs) for image-based classification, and Internet of Things (IoT) with edge AI for real-time monitoring. Although independent advances have been made in plant disease detection and nanotechnology-based control, there is a clear lack of integrated research that combines intelligent predictive systems with eco-friendly nanobiocontrol agents for comprehensive disease management. We hypothesize that an integrated framework linking advanced disease detection technologies with green-synthesized biowaste-derived nanoparticles will improve early diagnosis and sustainable control of fungal diseases compared to existing approaches. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify limitations in current detection and control strategies, (2) develop a hybrid system that couples real-time monitoring and prediction with targeted application of green nanomaterials, and (3) assess the efficacy of this integrated approach against representative fungal pathogens in model crops. This combined strategy aims to enhance precision, sustainability, and responsiveness in crop protection, offering a forward-looking paradigm for resilient agricultural systems in the face of evolving phytopathological challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in endophyte-mediated biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants.","authors":"Sharukh Pasha Mohammed, Deepika Jakkula, Ramasamy Srinivasan","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-04996-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-04996-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The review discusses endophyte-mediated tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, molecular-omics signalling insights, and a bibliometric overview. This emphasis is on endophytes as sustainable tools for improving crop resilience. Plant-endophyte associations offer a promising, sustainable strategy to improve crop resilience against a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Modern agriculture faces significant yield losses due to pathogenic microbes, insect pests, weeds, drought, salinity, extreme temperature, and heavy metal contamination. These challenges are further intensified by climate change and overreliance on chemical agroinputs. Endophytes are diverse communities of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes that live within plant tissues. These endophytes develop mutualistic interactions that strengthen plant growth, physiology, and defense. These microorganisms promote nutrient acquisition, modulate phytohormone production, enhance photosynthesis, and encourage strong root development. Endophytes provide effective protection against pathogens and herbivores by inducing systemic resistance, biosynthesizing antimicrobial compounds, and modulating stress-responsive pathways. They mitigate abiotic stress by improving water-use efficiency, maintaining ionic balance, increasing antioxidant activity, and protecting plants against drought, temperature fluctuations, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and flooding. This review summarizes recent advances in the functional roles of bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete endophytes, emphasizing their multifaceted contributions to plant stress tolerance. It further examines molecular and omics-driven findings that reveal complex plant-endophyte signaling networks and metabolic reprogramming. A bibliometric analysis indicates a rapid global interest in endophyte-based sustainable agriculture. Despite the substantial potential of endophytes, challenges persist regarding strain specificity, inconsistent field performance, ecological compatibility, and commercialization. To address these challenges, integrated omics tools, optimized microbial formulations, and precise farming techniques will be essential. Utilization of plant-endophyte synergy offers a practical, eco-friendly solution toward resilient crop production and long-term agricultural sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"263 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}