Planta最新文献

{"title":"Omics-guided understanding of nonthermal plasma seed treatment: from surface modification to germination and stress resilience.","authors":"Kainat Gul, Sohail Mumtaz","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05193-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05193-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>This review links plasma-induced seed-surface modification and redox signaling with emerging multi-omics responses associated with germination and stress resilience, while emphasizing that a unified causal sequence remains unproven. Nonthermal plasma (NTP) seed treatment has emerged as a promising chemical-free strategy for improving germination, seedling establishment, and stress resilience. Despite the expansion of plasma agriculture, reviews have largely focused on plasma engineering, individual physiological responses, or descriptive summaries of agronomic outcomes, leaving the mechanistic continuum linking plasma-derived signals to molecular reprogramming and stress-resilient phenotypes fragmented. Here, we provide an omics-guided and systems-level synthesis of NTP seed treatment by integrating evidence from both direct plasma treatment and plasma-activated water within a unified conceptual framework. We evaluate NTP-generated reactive species, ultraviolet photons, and transient electric fields as upstream signals contributing to biological responses across multiple organizational levels, while recognizing that their relative contributions and causal ordering remain unresolved. We synthesize evidence linking plasma exposure with seed-surface remodeling, redox and hormonal signaling, and transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and locus-specific epigenetic responses. However, these layers have largely been examined across different species, tissues, developmental stages, and experimental systems and therefore do not establish a unified causal chain for germination or stress adaptation. By integrating surface-level effects with molecular evidence, this review frames NTP seed treatment as a dose-dependent redox intervention that may transiently reconfigure conserved signaling networks, while direct cross-scale mechanistic validation remains limited. Finally, we identify critical challenges, including the lack of standardized plasma dosimetry, source variability, and limited cross-scale mechanistic integration, and propose a roadmap toward precision plasma agriculture through multi-omics-guided biomarker discovery, real-time plasma diagnostics, artificial intelligence-assisted optimization, and customized plasma treatments aimed at improving crop establishment and stress resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planta Centennial editorial.","authors":"Dorothea Bartels, Matthew H K Cheng, Stefan de Folter","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05165-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05165-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold-sensitive chloroplast development: advances from chloroplast ribosome-deficient mutants.","authors":"Xuan Zhao, Tonghui Wu, Ting Jia, Xueyun Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05173-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05173-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Cold-sensitive chloroplast ribosome-deficient mutants reveal that low temperature disrupts chloroplast ribosome biogenesis, chloroplast translation, and nascent polypeptide protection, thereby impairing chloroplast biogenesis and delaying chloroplast development in young leaves. In nature, cold stress commonly delays leaf greening in juvenile leaves of susceptible plant species. Accumulating evidence suggests that cold stress impairs chloroplast development, primarily by suppressing translational processes within chloroplasts, which play a pivotal role in their biogenesis. Although wild-type model plants exhibit no obvious delay in leaf greening under cold stress, numerous mutants defective in chloroplast translation display a cold-sensitive phenotype, characterized by markedly slowed greening of newly emerged leaves. Investigating these mutants provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying cold-sensitive chloroplast development, thereby offering potential strategies to improve chloroplast biogenesis in plants impaired by low-temperature conditions. This review summarizes recent advances in the analysis of chloroplast ribosome-defective mutants, which exhibit low-temperature-induced defects in early chloroplast development. These mutants have been classified into two categories based on their functional sites, including chloroplast ribosome biogenesis, and chloroplast translation and nascent polypeptide protection. We also summarize the mechanisms underlying the impact of low temperature on chloroplast development, as revealed through the study of chloroplast translation-defective mutants. Finally, based on current research findings, we propose strategies to protect the development of cold-sensitive chloroplasts and highlight the major unresolved questions and future directions in this field of study.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The precursor paradox for monoterpene biosynthesis in angiosperms.","authors":"Libao Zheng, Jia Liu, Fei Zhou, Shan Lu","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05192-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05192-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoterpenes are among the most widespread specialized metabolites in flowering plants and the main constituents of essential oils and aromas used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Their synthesis requires geranyl diphosphate (GPP), yet a dedicated GPP synthase (GPPS) is rare in angiosperms, though the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPSs) that make C₂₀ GGPP are universally conserved. How, then, is GPP supplied? Here we review four solutions: heterodimeric GGPPS/small-subunit (SSU) complexes; Leu-Val to Val-Ala substitution in the GGPPS active site; recruitment of GPP-producing activity from SSU- and farnesyl diphosphate synthase-derived enzymes; and a cis-prenyltransferase route supplying neryl diphosphate. We propose that GPP-producing activity is best viewed not as a fixed enzyme identity conserved across the plant kingdom, but as a functional property that different plant lineages have achieved independently through modification of the prenyltransferase scaffold, and that matching the right GPP-supply module to the host is a general principle for engineering monoterpenoid flavors and aromas in plants and microbes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural sweet potato transgene Ib-rolB/C enhances abiotic and biotic stress tolerance through redox and defense regulation.","authors":"Yulia Yugay, Tatiana Rusapetova, Tatiana Gorpenchenko, Elena Vasyutkina, Veronika Degtyareva, Valeria Grigorchuk, Olesya Kudinova, Victor Bulgakov, Yury Shkryl","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05189-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05189-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Natural sweet potato transgene Ib-rolB/C enhances abiotic and biotic stress tolerance through coordinated regulation of ROS signaling, antioxidant defense, immune activation, and secondary metabolism. Horizontal gene transfer from Agrobacterium has contributed to plant genome evolution, yet the physiological roles of naturally integrated T-DNA genes remain poorly understood. Cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) contains two cellular T-DNA regions, including the IbT-DNA2 locus harboring the naturally acquired gene Ib-rolB/C. Here, we investigated the stress-responsive expression and functional significance of Ib-rolB/C using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. The gene was strongly induced by cold, heat, and salinity. Moreover, Ib-rolB/C-expressing plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses during germination, as well as increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea. These phenotypes were associated with moderate ROS accumulation, enhanced antioxidant capacity, elevated GSH/GSSG ratios, reduced lipid peroxidation, and elevated basal expression of stress- and defense-related genes. In addition, Ib-rolB/C expression induced substantial metabolic reprogramming characterized by increased accumulation of flavonol glycosides and camalexin together with reduced glucosinolate levels. Our findings demonstrate that Ib-rolB/C functions as a multifunctional regulator integrating redox signaling, stress adaptation, immune responses, and secondary metabolism, highlighting the evolutionary significance of naturally acquired T-DNA genes in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron toxicity, tolerance, and accumulation potential in halophyte and salt-tolerant species.","authors":"Ali M Abd-Elkader, Kesong Lu, Siyun Xiao, Shimaa Y Oraby, Zeinab El-Desouki, Saba Babar, Muhammad Qasim, Tarek Mahrous, Muhammad Riaz, Sayed A Hussin, Sayed Said Eisa, Cuncang Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05191-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05191-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Comparative evidence across halophyte species reveals distinct B tolerance and accumulation strategies, supporting their targeted selection for phytoremediation and advancing the understanding of salinity-associated B resilience. High boron (B) stress has become a critical environmental concern, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. It poses a crucial threat to agricultural productivity. The remediation of B-contaminated soils is an urgent scientific challenge that necessitates innovative solutions. Halophytes, plants uniquely adapted to thrive in saline environments, have emerged as promising candidates for mitigating the effects of B pollution in these soils. Despite their potential, the specific mechanisms of B tolerance and accumulation in many halophyte species remain undiscovered. Most existing research has predominantly concentrated on traditional crops, leaving a knowledge gap regarding the resilience of halophytes to B stress. Understanding the way in which halophytes tolerate B toxicity is crucial for their effective utilization in the remediation of B-contaminated soils. Generally, a plant's ability to tolerate and/or accumulate elevated levels of B is positively related to its capacity to tolerate and/or accumulate high concentrations of salt. This review synthesizes current findings on B-toxicity tolerance and accumulation capacity in halophytes, with particular emphasis on their responses under saline conditions. This review aims to explore the relationship between salt tolerance and B accumulation, which could pave the way for improving soils affected by salinity-B stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic enhancement of pearl millet against Helicoverpa armigera expressing the entomotoxic Cocculus hirsutus trypsin inhibitor.","authors":"Anshu Sahu, Reena Yadav, Indraneel Sanyal","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05185-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05185-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Expression of Cocculus hirsutus trypsin inhibitor (ChTI) gene in pearl millet via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation exhibited reduced damage and enhanced resistance by suppressing the growth and survival of Helicoverpa armigera. Cocculus hirsutus trypsin inhibitor (ChTI), a serine proteinase inhibitor, was isolated from the medicinal plant Cocculus hirsutus belonging to the family Menispermaceae. It is an 18 kDa thermotolerant monomeric protein with insecticidal activity against Helicoverpa armigera and other insect pests. To enhance pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) tolerance to Helicoverpa armigera (ear head worm), the ChTI gene encoding a protease inhibitor was introduced into pearl millet via genetic transformation. EHA105, a super virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain carrying a binary vector driven by the CaMV35S promoter and terminated by the nos terminator (nosT), was used to develop transgenic plants. T1 events were screened by PCR using gene-specific primers, yielding a 383 bp amplicon. Quantitative expression of the ChTI gene by qRT-PCR analysis showed a 2-8-fold change in the T1 progeny. T1 plants expressing ChTI showed higher trypsin inhibitor activity than non-transgenic controls. Insect bioassay of transgenic plants against H. armigera showed a 60% mortality and 76.5% reduction in weight gain with less feeding damage compared to the non-transgenic control leaf. The transgenic pearl millet plants exhibited reduced damage and consequently lower ROS accumulation, as confirmed by DAB and NBT staining, thereby conferring enhanced tolerance to H. armigera.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the minimal promoter element of LBD27 driving pollen-specific expression in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Thu-Hien Nguyen, Min-Jung Kim, Sung-Ju Ahn, Jungmook Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05142-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05142-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Activating and repressive promoter elements and the 5' UTR coordinately regulate spatiotemporal expression of the male gametophyte-specific transcription factor LBD27 during pollen development in Arabidopsis. The Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD) family consists of plant-specific transcription factors that regulate diverse aspects of growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SIDECAR POLLEN/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 27 (SCP/LBD27) is a male-gametophyte-specific LBD transcription factor that controls asymmetric division and cell fate specification during early pollen development. Although precise spatiotemporal expression of LBD27 is essential for its developmental function, the molecular mechanisms and cis-regulatory elements underlying this regulation remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the regulatory elements that govern LBD27 expression during pollen development by dissecting its promoter and 5' untranslated region (UTR). Analysis of a series of LBD27 promoter deletion constructs fused to GUS:eGFP or histone H2B:eGFP reporters showed that the 5' UTR is necessary for expression in both the vegetative cell nucleus and sperm cell nuclei during pollen development. In addition, a distal promoter region spanning -1501--801 bp contains regulatory elements that repress LBD27 expression at later stages of pollen development. Together, these results suggest that the spatiotemporal expression of LBD27 is regulated through combinatorial interactions between distinct promoter regions and the 5' UTR, thereby ensuring precise control during male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An aromatic substrate prenyltransferase involved in the chemical diversification of flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra.","authors":"Arisa Kubomura, Takatomo Arai, Junwen Han, Ryosuke Munakata, Noriko Yasuno, Osamu Kobayashi, Kanji Mamiya, Kazuki Nakamura, Nariaki Wasano, Kazufumi Yazaki, Kazuaki Ohara","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05166-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05166-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Using cultured Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, we identified a new prenyltransferase involved in the formation of a variety of flavonoids, thereby revealing novel prenylated isoflavonoid pathways in licorice. Prenylated isoflavonoids are widely distributed specialized metabolites within the Fabaceae and contribute to various characteristic biological activities in both plants and humans. Several aromatic prenyltransferases (PTs) have been identified in Glycyrrhiza species, which are the most widely consumed crude drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. However, these enzymes do not sufficiently explain the structural diversity of prenylated flavonoids produced by the Glycyrrhiza genus. To identify additional novel PTs, we used elicited cultured Glycyrrhiza glabra roots as source material, where elicitor treatment increased the accumulation of multiple prenylated flavonoids. To identify the responsible enzyme, PT candidates were screened using G. uralensis transcriptomes, currently the sole publicly available transcriptomic resource within the genus, and a homolog designated GgBSPT1 (BSPT; a broad-substrate prenyltransferase) was subsequently isolated from elicited cultured G. glabra roots. GgBSPT1 differed from previously identified Glycyrrhiza PTs in both amino acid sequence and enzymatic properties. GgBSPT1 displayed unusually broad substrate acceptance across 20 distinct flavonoid structures and catalyzed regiospecific 3'-prenylation of isoliquiritigenin and 6-prenylation of five flavonoids. Overall, elicited cultured G. glabra roots enabled the identification of a previously unrecognized PT that is functionally distinct from earlier reported Glycyrrhiza PTs. This study provides new insights into the metabolic plasticity of Glycyrrhiza species and expands the enzymatic toolkit for future metabolic engineering of prenylated phytochemicals through the unusually broad substrate specificity of GgBSPT1.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant photosynthetic responses to drought, rewatering, and flooding.","authors":"Miao Qi, Zhenzhu Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05183-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05183-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The review discusses how plants modulate photosynthesis under contrasting water regimes, highlighting stress-specific limitations, recovery dynamics, and physiological indicators to inform breeding and management under climate change. Climate change is intensifying rainfall extremes, including prolonged droughts, sudden rewatering, and extended flooding, threatening crop productivity worldwide. Here, we present an integrative review synthesizing how major crops modulate photosynthesis under these contrasting water regimes. Drought restricts stomatal and mesophyll conductance, downregulates RuBisCo, and heightens photo-oxidative stress, whereas flooding impairs root structure, water transport, and ATP production. Both stresses can trigger oxidative processes and reduce root-to-shoot hydraulic conductance, imposing similar limitations on photosynthesis. Responses to drought and flooding, and recovery after rewatering and flooding depends on stress intensity and duration, plant species/genotype, and developmental stage. Chlorophyll stability, gas exchange, and PSII fluorescence emerge as robust indicators of photosynthetic resistance and resilience. Trade-offs between stress tolerance and recovery reflect coordinated adjustments in energy use, carbon allocation, and senescence process. Despite recent advances, critical gaps remain in long-term acclimation, compound heat-drought impacts, and canopy-scale carbon dynamics. Finally, we propose an innovative research framework linking photosynthetic plasticity to precipitation variability and highlight breeding and management practices to enhance plant resilience under future climate extremes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}